Republic of the Philippines

Tarlac State University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Villa Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 9

Tone, mood, technique, and

author’s purpose.

Prepared by:
MS. NICOLETTE REIN S. PERERAS
BSED English 4-1 Practice Teacher

Checked by:

MRS. JENALYN G. ARCADIO

Cooperating Teacher

Approved by:

MR. AGAPITO S. GONZAGA

OIC- School Head

Noted by:
PROF. JAYSON Y. PUNZALAN
BSEd English 4-1 Supervisor
 A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN ENGLISH 9
Content Standards: The learners define the tone, mood, author’s technique, and the author’s purpose.
Performance Standards: The learners must be able to identify the tone and mood expressed in the text;
the author’s writing style utilized in the text; the author’s purpose in writing the text; and respond
appropriately to the narrator's statements.
Learners Competencies / Code: Determine the tone, mood, technique, and purpose of the author.
EN9LT-Ig2.2.3

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. define tone, mood, technique, and purpose;
B. identify the tone, mood, technique, and purpose of the author in the text;
C. choose the right description to show the difference between tone and mood;
D. select what describes the four basic types of writing style by connecting the
items in the first column to a corresponding description in the second column;
and
E. carry out what they learned by responding appropriately to the narrator’s
mood and tone.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: tone, mood, technique, and author's purpose.
B. Materials:
• PowerPoint presentation of the preparatory activity (word search)
• PowerPoint presentation of tone, mood, technique, and purpose.
• Chart of Tone and Mood
• Cut-out descriptions about Tone and Mood
• Tape
• Small blackboard
• Chalk
• Eraser
• Tape
C. Method Used: Cooperative Learning, Activity method, and Inquiry-based method.
D. Values Integration: Students will better understand the tone and mood expressed
in a story. Accordingly, students can respond appropriately to different texts and
statements.
E. Reference:
1. Online:
Google:
• Cabarloc, A. Q. (n.d.). Determining tone, mood, technique, and purpose of
the author. https://www.scribd.com/document/504919466/English9-Q3-
Mod6-Week6-Determining-Tone-Mood-Technique#
• Tone vs. Mood: Difference between Tone vs. Mood. (2021, March 16).
7esl. https://7esl.com/tone-vs-mood/
• David, J. (2020, February 13). Final lesson plan tone, mood, technique,
and purpose of the author. https://studylib.net/doc/25341057/
• Traffis, C. (2023). Learn the Types of Writing: Expository, Descriptive,
Persuasive, and Narrative. Grammarly.
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/types-of-writing/#:~:text=
• Birt, J. (2023, August 1). Writing Styles: When and How You Should Use
the 4 Main Types. indeed. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-
development/types-of-writing-techniques
• The Author’s Purpose for students and teachers. (n.d.). Literary Ideas for
Teachers and Students. https://literacyideas.com/authors-purpose/
• Author's purpose: Task Cards. (n.d.). Education.com.
https://newfield.cps.edu/classrooms1920/4th/5_4%20authorspurposeweek
%20combined.pdf
Youtube:
• What is the Difference between Mood and Tone? (2022, November 15).
OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hkc-EyHD-M0
III. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. PREPARATION

1. Preliminary Activities
• Opening Prayer
Let’s start our day with a short Let us bow our heads and feel the presence
prayer led by the class vice of the Lord.
president.
In the name of the Father, of the Son, and
the holy spirit…

Dear Jesus,
As we gather here, we thank you for this
another day you bestowed upon us.

We can get up and seek new knowledge

and wisdom because of you. We pray that
you guide us in our today’s mission and
may you bless this class in every way.

This we pray in Jesus Christ, the Lord

Almighty who lives and reigns with You
and the Father, forever and ever. Amen

Thank you for that prayer, Ms. VP.

• Greetings

Good morning, Grade 9-Athena! I

hope you are all doing well. Good morning as well, Ms. Nicole and
classmates. We hope that you are well.
Are you ready to learn another
Yes, Miss!
important lesson today?

Louder, class! Parang walang

Yes, we are ready, Miss!
energy.

• Attendance

All right! Before we begin with our

lesson, let me check if you are all
present.
Good morning, Miss! I’m delighted to
Ms. Secretary?
inform you that we are all present today.
Good to know. That means one will
miss today’s lesson!

• Checking of Assignment

Can someone tell me what was the

You’ve asked us to read a poem written by
assignment I gave you last
Robert Frost, A Road Not Taken.
meeting?
 Very well! To check if you’ve
really read the passage. I’ll ask
some questions.

So, who are the main characters of The character of the poem wasn’t revealed
the story? since it was said that it had no specific
main character.
What was the poem all about?
The poem is about the choices we make.
Okay. Later on, as we go further in
the discussion, we will talk more
about this poem since it has
something to do with today’s
lesson. So, keep what you learned
about the passage to yourselves for
now and listen carefully.

2. Review

However, before we proceed to the Last meeting, we discussed how literature

main topic, let’s have a review of the helps individuals discover what they want
topic last meeting. and do not want.

We also talk about how literature becomes

a means to connect to the world.

B. MOTIVATION

To keep your blood pumping, let’s

have a preparatory activity.

• Students will search for words in

the box
• Students will encircle the words
they found
• Students will associate the word
they found with the given pictures.

Answers:
✓ Mood
✓ Tone
✓ Technique
✓ Purpose

✓ Mood – second picture

✓ Tone – third picture
✓ Technique – fourth picture
✓ Purpose – first picture

Good job, class! Did you enjoy our

Yes, we enjoyed it, Miss!
short activity?
C. LESSON PROPER

Alright! Let’s proceed to the main

discussion.

In connection with the activity, can you Based on the activity, I think we will talk
what is our topic today? about tone, mood, technique, and purpose.

Very good! Today’s topic is about the

tone, mood, and technique that authors
use in texts, as well as the author’s
purpose.

Now, class, I want you to read this

passage and picture it as you read. I
will give you three minutes to do this.

It was a dark and stormy night. I sat • Students will get a sheet of paper
alone in the old, dilapidated house • Students will silently read the
staring out the window. The sky was passage
black, the wind was loud, and the rain • Students will write what feeling it
slammed against the broken gave them as a reader and the
windowpane. I shut my eyes, feeling the narrator conveys.
remembering my earlier visit, and I
felt so embarrassed and angry. When
I opened them, the lightning bolt
flashed and lit up the room once
more. I had to get out of the house; I
had to hide. No one could know my
horrible mistake. I opened the door,
took a deep breath, and ran into the
cold and rain.

Okay, time’s up. Stop writing.

Possible answers (what they felt while
reading):
Now, I want to ask you what you felt
✓ Miss, I felt scared.
while reading the text.
✓ While reading the text, I felt creeped
out.

✓ I feel lonely as I read the passage.

What words did you see to help create
The words “dark and stormy night” made
those feelings?
me feel scared.

The words “I sat alone, dilapidated house

staring out the window” made me feel
frightened and lonely at the same time.
How does the narrator feel?
Based on the way the narrator narrates the
story, he/she is frightened.

While reading the story, the narrator

conveys a feeling of being alarmed.
What words did the narrator use to
make you think that he felt that way?
 “I had to get out of the house; I had to
Very well! hide.” With these statements, I’m pretty
sure that he is alarmed.
With those questions, I asked for help
in determining the mood and tone of a
story. The feeling that the passage
invokes as you read it is the Mood, and
the feeling the narrator conveys is the
Tone. Mood and tone are important
because they help the reader connect to
the story and help create the meaning
of the story.

As a reader, you may observe the

author's choice and use of words. You
need to read between the lines to see
the attitude of the author.

The tone is expressed through the

words of the author. It is closely
related to the narrator's point of view.

For example: This house is shabby, but

since we grew up here, it has a special
place in my heart.

What can you observe in the underlined

word? The underlined word is the author’s way of
expressing her feelings toward the subject,
which is the House.
Considering the author’s choice and
use of words “it has a special place in
my heart”, what do you think is the Based on the author’s use of words, she is
author’s attitude about the subject? being sentimental.

That’s correct! The author shows the

attitude of being “sentimental”,
therefore, the tone in the text is
“sentimental”.

Mood, on the other hand, is the

atmosphere of the text. The feeling
perceived by the readers.

For example: A story that begins with

“a dark and stormy night” will more
likely have a suspenseful, scary mood.

Any questions about Mood and Tone? None, Miss.

If that’s the case, let’s test your

knowledge.
• Students will be grouped into two.
• Students will emphasize the
difference between Mood and Tone
by looking at the statements on the
table and identifying which
 statement describes Mood and
Tone.
• Students will paste the statement
on the board that describes Mood
and Tone in their rightful places.
• The first group to finish will be the
winner and will receive incentives
for the next quiz.

Tone:
✓ the feeling or the atmosphere that the
author has set in his story.
✓ what the author feels toward a subject
or character
✓ the narrator's point of view
✓ conveyed through word choice and
sentence structure
✓ can affect how the reader perceives a
story.

Mood:
✓ the feeling or atmosphere perceived by
the reader
✓ what the reader gets from the writing
✓ conveyed through setting, descriptions,
and characters actions.
✓ affect how the reader feels while
reading the story.
Good job, class! I can see that you
understand the difference between
Tone and Mood.

Now, let’s proceed to the technique and

author’s purpose in a text.

Technique. What comes into your mind When I hear the word technique, I think of
whenever you hear the word technique? the word “method”. For me, the technique
is the method or the way we execute
something.

If technique is the method or way, we The connection of technique in writing or

execute something, what’s the literature is that it is the way the author
connection of this in writing or writes his/her story. It is his/her choice and
literature? utilization of words.

That’s right! Technique is the syntax,

word choice, and tone of the author. It
is the author’s style of writing. The
author's style of approaching his/her
audience.

There are four basic literary styles used

in writing. Look at the chart, class. As Expository, Descriptive, Persuasive, and
written in Column A we have? Narrative writing style.

• The students who will be called by

raising their hands will connect the
letter of the descriptions in column B
that describes the item in column A.

Well done, class!

1. Expository writing style provides

information. You can usually find this
type of writing in textbooks,
journalism (apart from opinion and
editorial articles), business and
technical writing, essays, and
instructions.

Can someone read the example flash The municipal government of Happyville
on the screen? unanimously approved the construction of
sixty-two miles of bike trails in 2017.
Made possible by a new tax levy, the bike
trails are expected to help the city reach its
sustainability and clean air goals while
reducing traffic and congestion.

What can you notice from this I noticed that the author used facts to
example? narrate the text, and didn’t include his
opinion.
That’s correct! Because the expository
writing style aims to share information
about a topic while leaving out the
author’s opinion of that topic.

2. Descriptive writing style describes

an occasion/event, a person, or a
location as the main goal. It uses
detailed prose to conjure up images. It
is found in fiction, poetry, journals,
and advertising.
Can someone read the example flash The children pedaled leisurely down the
on the screen? Happyville Bike Trail, their giggles and
whoops reverberating through the warm
spring air. Sweet-scented wildflowers
brought an array of colors to the gently
undulating landscape, tempting the
children to dismount now and then so they
could lay down in the springy, soft grass.

What can you notice from this I noticed that the author used vivid images
example? or sensory details for the readers to picture
the setting and scenario in the passage.
Indeed! It’s because descriptive
writing style creates a vivid mental
image of the characters, surroundings,
and events in the reader's mind.

3. Persuasive writing style convinces

the readers of the author’s point of
view. The author provides
justifications and reasons to do so.
This writing seeks to persuade the
reader to agree with the author's
viewpoint. It is often seen in editorials
and opinion articles, reviews, job
applications, and advertisements.

Can someone read the example flash The bike trail is the glittering gem of
on the screen? Happyville’s new infrastructure. It winds
through sixty-two miles of lush landscape,
dotted by clean and convenient facilities. If
you haven’t experienced the Happyville
Bike Trail yet, ditch your car and head
outside! Could life in Happyville get any
more idyllic?
What can you notice from this
example? I noticed that the text kind of convinces
the readers to experience the Hapyville
Bike Trail. It provided reasons why we
should try it.
Exactly! Because the author used a
persuasive writing style and wanted to
influence his audience to believe in his
point of view.

4. Narrative writing tells a story. It is

found in novels, short stories, poetry,
biographies, anecdotes, and human
interest.

Can someone read the example flash

As I cycled down the trail, I heard children
on the screen?
giggling and whooping just around the
bend. I crested a small hill and coasted
down the curving path until I found the
source of the noise. Three little girls sat in
the grass by a big oak tree. They were
startled to see me, and I smiled kindly to
put them at ease.
 “Whatcha doing?” I asked.
“Nothing,” they chirped in unison.

What can you notice from this I noticed that the text tells a story.
example?

Very good! That’s exactly what the

Narrative writing style aims to do.

Okay, we’ve already discussed the

tone and mood of a story, as well as
the techniques that the author uses in
writing.

Let’s now proceed to the author’s

purpose.

What do we mean by the author’s When we say the author’s purpose, it is the
purpose? reason why the author writes the text.

Correct! The author’s purpose is their

intent for writing such a story. Their
goal behind a piece of writing.

In identifying the purpose of the

author, we ask ourselves “What
motivated the author to produce their
work? What is their intent, and what
do they hope to achieve?”

What are the main purposes of the

author when writing a piece? These
purposes can be easily remembered by
the acronym PIE. The author’s purpose for writing
something is to either inform, entertain, or
persuade.
You’re right! Authors have three main
reasons for writing. It is, as Erica
mentioned, to inform, entertain, or
persuade.

Does anyone have an idea what it

means to inform? To inform means that the author wants to
tell us something. To teach us about
something.
Exactly! When an author aims to
inform, they usually wish to enlighten
their readers about a real-world topic.
They will do this by providing lots of
facts and informational text that will
educate the reader about a certain
topic.

To identify if the writer's purpose is to

inform, the readers should look if the
passage provides factual details about
a topic.

How about to entertain? To entertain means that the author wants to

tell a story that the audience will enjoy.
Precisely! When the author's purpose
is to entertain, they will provide
passages that will keep things as
interesting as possible.

When writers intend to entertain or

amuse the reader, they will use
interesting plots, dialogues, humor,
cliffhangers, tension, etc., to capture
the reader's interest.

And the last one is to persuade. What To persuade means that the author wants
do we mean by this? us to convince or believe in his viewpoint.
To do something.
Wow! You are all correct! It seems
like you are familiar with the three
main purposes of an author for
writing.

To persuade is a very common

purpose of writing. In this, the author
will seek to convince the reader to
believe in a particular point of view.
The author will try to persuade the
reader to agree with the point of view
he's expressing.

Any questions, class? None, Miss.

Aright! Remember the reading

assignment I gave you? Yes, Miss. It is The Road Not Taken by
Robert Frost.
In the first part of today’s class, I
mentioned that we would talk more
about the poem, right?
Yes, Miss.
Now, to test your knowledge about
today’s lesson and see if you really
read the poem, I will ask a few
questions.
• Students will be grouped into four
• Students to first raise their boards.
will be given the chance to answer.
• The group with the highest score
will be given a plus for the next
recitation.
What is the tone of the poem?
Possible answers:
✓ Pensive tone
✓ sadness and regret
✓ Full of anticipation
 What word makes you think it sounds The phrase "Two roads diverged in a
sad and regretful? yellow wood, and sorry I could not travel
both" made it sound sad and regretful.

What word makes you think it has a Because of the whole second stanza, the
pensive tone? narrator’s attitude toward the subject
sounds pensive.

What is the mood of the poem? ✓ Nostalgic

✓ Anticipation and excitement

What technique did the author use? ✓ Descriptive writing style.

✓ Narrative writing style.

Why Descriptive writing style? It is a descriptive writing style because the

author used imagery to describe the wood
as yellow, the path as grassy and wanting
wear, etc.
Why Narrative Writing Style?
It is a narrative writing style because the
author is telling his story of choosing his
path.
What's the purpose of the author for
The author’s purpose is to entertain.
writing the poem?
It is to entertain because of the author's
Why?
utilization of words. The author used
different figures of speech to keep the
passage entertaining.
D. APPLICATION

What’s the relevance of the lesson to

As a student, you must be able to spot
your life as a student?
what is the tone and mood in a text you’ve
read or listened to since it will help you
better understand what is it all about. As
such, it is also significant to determine
what technique did the author used in
writing his piece because it will help us
identify the author’s purpose or intention
for writing the text.
For example, someone asked you
“Have you seen the dancing show on
TV? It is very entertaining. You should
watch it because you will see new
dance moves. You will like the music,
too. Sometimes I like to get up and
dance while the show is on. The show
is really good and you will enjoy it!”

How would you respond considering

The narrator’s tone is giddy and the mood
the tone and mood of the narrator
I can feel is excitement. Her purpose, on
expressed, and her purpose?
the other hand, is to persuade me to watch
the dancing show on TV. So, I think my
response would be to match her
excitement and ask for more details about
the dancing show.
 “Birthdays are celebrated around the The narrator’s tone is cheerful as she tells
world. In the United States, people me about her birthday, and the mood I can
celebrate with cake and candles. Many feel is enthusiastic. So, I think my
other places celebrate by singing songs. response would be like “I love birthdays as
In Mexico, a birthday is celebrated with well! There’s also a piñata filled with
a piñata filled with candy. A person candy whenever there’s a birthday party
uses a broomstick to hit the piñata. here in the Philippines, especially during
Each of these birthday traditions is a the seventh birthday!
fun celebration!

“I can’t contact my boyfriend. It’s been The narrator’s tone is despondent, and I
a week since we last talked. I wonder felt sad. Therefore, my response should
what’s happening to him? I feel like not sound imposing but concerned rather.
we’re close to breaking up now. I don’t “What do you want us to do today? Just to
get your mind off your boyfriend for a bit.
know what to do anymore. I tried
I know it’s hard, but you need to take care
calling him a hundred times already.”
of yourself too. Have you eaten?”

E. GENERALIZATION

We’ve now reached the end of our

✓ To better understand a story or a text,
lesson! What did we talk about in
we must determine what is the tone
today’s class?
expressed by the narrator, the mood,
the author's technique in writing, as
well as the author's purpose.

✓ Tone is determined by the author's

feelings about the setting or the
character, as well as what he wants the
reader to feel. On the contrary, the
mood depends on what the reader feels
about the story.

✓ There are four basic types of writing.

The expository, descriptive,
persuasive, and narrative writing style.

✓ In the expository writing style, facts

are presented, leaving out the author's
opinion.

✓ In descriptive writing style, the author

conjures up imagery to draw mental
images into the minds of the reader for
them to appreciate and better
understand the story.

✓ In a persuasive writing style, the author

sways the reader to believe in the
author's point of view.

✓ In narrative writing style, the author

tells a story about a subject, be it
fiction or non-fiction.

✓ The author has three main purposes in

writing which can be easily
 remembered as the acronym PIE. To
persuade, inform, and entertain.

✓ To inform means the author wants to

teach us something. He uses all factual
information to do so.

✓ To persuade means the author wants to

make us agree on his point of view.

✓ To entertain means the author wants to

tell a story that will keep us interested
and enjoy.

IV. EVALUATION:

Multiple choice
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the author's attitude toward a topic or a character.

a. mood c. technique
b. tone d. purpose

2. It is the atmosphere of the text perceived by the reader.

a. mood c. technique
b. tone d. purpose

3. The atmosphere that the author conveyed in his story.

a. mood c. technique
b. tone d. purpose

4. It is the word choice and tone of the author.

a. mood c. technique
b. tone d. purpose

5. Usually found in novels, poetry, short story, etc.

a. expository writing style c. narrative writing style

b. persuasive writing style d. descriptive writing style

6. This type of writing aims to influence the reader to believe or do something.

a. expository writing style c. narrative writing style

b. persuasive writing style d. descriptive writing style

7. You can find this type of writing in textbooks, essays, instructions, etc.

a. expository writing style c. narrative writing style

b. persuasive writing style d. descriptive writing style

8. This vividly describes an event, a person, or a setting.

a. expository writing style c. narrative writing style

b. persuasive writing style d. descriptive writing style
 9. The author wants to provide joy to his readers.

a. to instruct c. to inform
b. to entertain d. to persuade

10. The author wishes to enlighten his readers about a topic.

a. to instruct c. to inform
b. to entertain d. to persuade

V. ASSIGNMENT I: Select and Sort

Sort each example in the “Types of Text” section into its correct column.

ASSIGNMENT II:
Research William Shakespeare’s novel, Romeo and Juliet, and answer the following:

1. Who is/are the protagonist of the story?

2. Who is/are the antagonist of the story?
3. Where’s the setting of the story?
4. When was the story written?
5. Why is Romeo and Juliet considered the greatest love story of all time?