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AutoCAD For Beginners The Absolute Beginners Training Guide

This document provides an overview of basic AutoCAD commands for drawing and editing objects, including lines, polylines, circles, arcs, rectangles, polygons, and controlling objects by moving, copying, mirroring, and scaling them. It includes descriptions of each command and exercises for practice. The full document contains over 30 pages of content on introductory AutoCAD topics and skills.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Aamer

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

378 views281 pages

AutoCAD For Beginners The Absolute Beginners Training Guide

Uploaded by

Mohamed Aamer

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 281

Toll Free: 844.444.6372 (HI.INFRA) Email: info@infratechcivil.

com
Internet: www.infratechcivil.com Amazon does not allow the upload of
practice files.

Please download the practice Files from the following link:

http://transf.infratechcivil.com/Books/Book_Practice_Files_AutoCAD_1
_v1.zip TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1.1 COURSE
OBJECTIVE......................................................................................................
......................................................................................

AUTOCAD INTERFACE

CREATING BASIC OBJECTS

3.1 LINE

A BOUT AUTOCAD

LINES.......................
...........................................................................................................................
........................ 8

D RAWING

LINES........
...........................................................................................................................
................................................... 9
P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

3.2 POLYLINE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
..................................................................................

A BOUT POLYLINES

...........................................................................................................................
..................................................... 11

D RAWING POLYLINES

...........................................................................................................................
................................................. 12

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

3.3 CIRCLE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
......................................................................................

15
A BOUT
CIRCLES...........................................................................................................
.........................................................................

D RAWING A CIRCLE

...........................................................................................................................
.................................................... 16

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

3.4 ARC

ABOUT ARCS

...........................................................................................................................
......................................................... 19

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

3.5 ERASE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
......................................................................................

A BOUT THE ERASE

COMMAND...............
...........................................................................................................................
...................... 21

U SING THE ERASE

COMMAND.............
...........................................................................................................................
......................... 22

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................
23

3.6 RECTANGLE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
............................................................................... 24

A BOUT RECTANGLES

...........................................................................................................................
.................................................. 24

D RAWING RECTANGLES

...........................................................................................................................
.............................................. 25

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

3.7 POLYGON

COMMAND......................................................................................................
.................................................................................. 27

A BOUT

POLYGONS......................................................................................................
........................................................................... 27
D RAWING

POLYGONS......................................................................................................
....................................................................... 28

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

ABOUT MIRRORING OBJECTS

...........................................................................................................................
.......................................

U SING THE MIRROR

COMMAND................
...........................................................................................................................
................... 41

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

4.6 SCALING
OBJECTS..........................................................................................................
.................................................................................. 43

U SING THE SCALE

COMMAND.............
...........................................................................................................................
......................... 44

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

CONTROLLING OBJECTS

4.1

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................
....................................................................................................

4.2 MOVING

OBJECTS..........................................................................................................
.................................................................................. 31

A BOUT THE MOVE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
........................................................... 31

U SING THE MOVE COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
...................................... 32
P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

4.3 COPYING

OBJECTS..........................................................................................................
................................................................................. 34

I
NTRODUCTION..............................................................................................
........................................................................................

A BOUT THE COPY COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
...................................... 35
P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

4.4 ROTATING OBJECTS

...........................................................................................................................
.............................................................. 37

A BOUT ROTATING OBJECTS

...........................................................................................................................
........................................ 37

USING THE ROTATE

COMMAND......................................................................................................
......................................................... 38

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

4.5 MIRRORING

OBJECTS..........................................................................................................
............................................................................. 40

EDITING OBJECTS

5.1 EXTEND COMMAND

COMMAND.................
...........................................................................................................................
................... 48

U SING THE EXTEND

OBJECTS...................
...........................................................................................................................
................... 49

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

5.2 TRIM COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
................................................................... 51

A BOUT THE TRIM COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
....................................... 51

USING THE TRIM

COMMAND...........
...........................................................................................................................
............................. 52

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

5.3 OFFSETTING

OBJECTS..........................................................................................................
............................................................................ 54

U SING THE OFFSET

COMMAND...............
...........................................................................................................................
..................... 55

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

5.4 JOINING OBJECTS

...........................................................................................................................
................................................................. 57

U SING THE JOIN COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
........................................ 58

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

5.5 BREAKING OBJECTS

...........................................................................................................................
.............................................................. 60

A BOUT THE BREAK

COMMAND...............
...........................................................................................................................
...................... 60

B REAKING AN OBJECT AT
POINT.................................
...........................................................................................................................
. 61

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

B REAK BETWEEN TWO POINT

...........................................................................................................................
...................................... 63

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

5.6 CREATING

FILLETS...........................................................................................................
................................................................................ 65

A BOUT
FILLETS...........................................................................................................
..........................................................................

F ILLET

COMMAND......................................................................................................
........................................................................... 66

P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

BLOCKS

A BOUT

BLOCKS...........................................................................................................
.......................................................................... 68

6.2 CREATING

BLOCKS...........................................................................................................
................................................................................ 69

U SING THE BLOCK COMMAND

...........................................................................................................................
..................................... 70
P RACTICE
EXERCISE........................................................................................................
......................................................................

6.3 EDITING A

BLOCK.............................................................................................................
................................................................................. 75

A BOUT EDITING A BLOCK

...........................................................................................................................
............................................ 75

H OW TO EDIT A

BLOCK................
...........................................................................................................................
................................ 76

6.4 INSERTING BLOCKS

...........................................................................................................................
............................................................... 79

A BOUT INSERTING BLOCKS AND

DRAWINGS....................................
......................................................................................................... 79

U SING THE INSERT

COMMAND..............
...........................................................................................................................
....................... 80
P RACTICE EXERCISE.
...........................................................................................................................
..................................................

OBJECT SNAPS AND ORTHOMODES

7.1 OBJECT

SNAP.................................................................................................................
................................................................................. 87

A BOUT OBJECT SNAP.

...........................................................................................................................
................................................

U SING OBJECT SNAP

COMMAND..................
...........................................................................................................................
............... 91

O BJECT SNAP
SETTINGS........................................................................................................
................................................................

7.2
ORTHOMODE..................................................................................................
......................................................................................... .........

A BOUT

ORTHOMODE.
...........................................................................................................................
.................................................. 94

U SING ORTHO.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................

PRELUDE

About the authors

"Infratech Civil Solutions" ("Infratech") is a one-stop (Architecture,

Engineering, and Construction).

consulting, training, and drafting solution for AEC

Infratech leverages the skills of a collaborative team of registered

professionals, content developers, and information technology experts to
offer optimum, customized, and technologically advanced solutions.

Infratech core services include:

Project consulting and sub-consulting services.

▪ eLearning and custom training designed to provide solutions that are

tailored and customized to meet the requirements of each situation.

▪ Post-training support with a package combining technical support, hands-

on project guidance, assistance, and drafting standard implementation.
▪ Continued education and certification services to help professionals stand
out among peers.

▪ Assisting qualified organizations with training grants and funding

assistance.

Credits:

The current material was developed using data and assistance provided by
various organizations.

Infratech would like to acknowledge: The City of Kamloops, BC, and the
City for data provided under its open government license, the NRCS, The
City of Ottawa, the City of Gatineau, Autodesk Inc., The National CAD
Standards, and the City of Charlotte, NC.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

distributed, or transmitted in

any form or by any means, including photocopying, or other electronic or

mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and
certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

For permission requests, write to the author, “Attention: Publication

Coordinator,” at the address below.

Infratech Civil

[email protected] www.infratechcivil.com

Disclaimer:

This book explains the process of designing a residential subdivision and

other civil engineering infrastructures. Project names, data, locations, and
procedures are either the products of the author’s experience or creativity
and used in an experimental or in a fictitious manner. Infratech has tried to
apply experience accumulated over a decade of professional engineering,
surveying, and drafting. Although the author and publisher have made every
effort to ensure that the information in this manual follow best practice
guidelines, the author and publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any
liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or
omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence,
accident, or any other cause.

This manual is not intended as a substitute for local regulatory requirements.

The user should consult and ensure that local guidelines are applied. The
information in this book is meant to supplement practical design
methodologies. Like any profession requiring a duty of care and public
protection, the practice of engineering, architecture, and construction poses
some inherent risks. The authors and publisher advise trainees to take full
responsibility in the use of knowledge acquired using this manual.
Introduction
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

1.1 Course Objective __________________________________

__________________________________This course entitled " Level 1:

Introduction to AutoCAD for
__________________________________Beginners" is designed for the
absolute beginners looking to learn
__________________________________AutoCAD. If you have never
opened an AutoCAD file or consider
__________________________________yourself a greenhorn of
AutoCAD, this is the right course. We will begin
__________________________________with the very basics concepts, the
vocabulary, and the functionalities of
__________________________________AutoCAD. We will learn with
hands-on practice files, and we will let you

__________________________________ do it.
__________________________________

If you are reading or watching this course, you already know that
__________________________________
__________________________________AutoCAD is a must-have skill in
professional environments such
as__________________________________engineering, architecture,
construction, surveying, and many others.
__________________________________

In this course, we work solely in a 2D environment, where most basic

__________________________________ geometric entities and plans are
created.
__________________________________
__________________________________

We will learn how to create basic shapes and control them.

These__________________________________

shapes are the building blocks of the more complex and

advanced__________________________________ designs we will create

later.

__________________________________
__________________________________

When creating a design or drawing in AutoCAD, more often than

not,__________________________________ we have several options. In

this course, we will try to apply the
most__________________________________ effective and accurate
methods for a beginner.

__________________________________
__________________________________ Okay, so without much further
delay, let's start with Level 1:__________________________________

Introduction to AutoCAD for Beginners.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

AutoCAD Interface

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ 1. Application Menu: Provides

access to file navigation and management options. It was referred to as the
application menu in other versions of Revit and other office applications.

__________________________________
__________________________________

2. Quick Access Toolbar: Used to display the most frequently used

commands.__________________________________
__________________________________

3. Ribbon: Featured in most desktop applications, it contains commands

needed for routine__________________________________tasks.
__________________________________

Infocenter:

Provides

information

keyword

searches,

__________________________________

product updates, and

announcements. __________________________________

__________________________________ 5. Drawing Tabs: Provides the

list of opened drawings in tabs
format.__________________________________

__________________________________

6. Drawing Area: It displays views, sheets, schedules, and other elements of

the project. Newly opened views display on top of other opened views in the
drawing

area.__________________________________

__________________________________ 7. ViewCube and Navigation

Tools: Allows to choose and adjust a model's viewpoint.
__________________________________

__________________________________

8. Layout and Model Elements: Allows selecting and switching between

different layouts and__________________________________model views.
__________________________________

9. Command Line: The command line is the main medium of

communication between the user__________________________________
and AutoCAD, besides the commands available from the ribbon. This is
where we execute and__________________________________

provide dynamic inputs. __________________________________

__________________________________ 10. Status Bar: Located at the

bottom, it provides names, family, types, tips, or hints on
selected__________________________________

elements. __________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Creating Basic Objects

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Basic geometric objects such as arcs, lines, circles, and rectangles

form__________________________________
__________________________________the basis of every drawing.

As stated earlier, these basic

geometric__________________________________ objects act as founding
blocks for complex drawings. So, it is
very__________________________________ important to learn the
commands that create these basic geometric
__________________________________

objects. __________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ In general, there is more than one

way to complete a specified task
in__________________________________ AutoCAD. Once we have
learned all available methods of doing a task in
__________________________________

AutoCAD, we can determine the best method for our working

style.__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________ In this chapter, we will not only
have an understanding of all the basic
__________________________________

geometric objects but also practice the respective commands for

__________________________________ creating these objects. As we

become proficient with creating basic
__________________________________

__________________________________geometric objects, we can

successfully create more complex
ones.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3.1 Line Command

__________________________________

About AutoCAD Lines

__________________________________ In any AutoCAD drawing, the

line object is the most basic and common

__________________________________

__________________________________element, and the Line command

is one of the most fundamental__________________________________
commands that we will explore while learning AutoCAD.
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________The Line command is used to

draw a straight-line segment or series
of__________________________________line segments between any two
points, objects or features in the __________________________________

drawing. Each line segment acts as a separate drawing object (see

__________________________________

figure) and can be edited independently.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Drawing Lines __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw a line, the Line

command can be activated in the__________________________________
following two ways: __________________________________ 1. The first
option is to use the command available from the Ribbon.
__________________________________

__________________________________From the Ribbon, activate the

Home tab➢ Draw panel, and then__________________________________

click the Line button. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ 2. Optionally, we can also use the

Command line. In the command__________________________________

line, type the alias “L” or “Line” and press the Enter key or the
__________________________________ keyboard Spacebar.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will draw a
rectangle, as shown, using the
Line__________________________________

command . Let's follow the step by step procedure to draw the

__________________________________ rectangle shown.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Open the practice file

ACAD1-01. Line

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Make

sure that Object Snap and Orthomode are on. More

details__________________________________ on Object Snap and
Orthomode are given in Chapter 5. But for
__________________________________
now, let's make sure they are activated and shown in blue like this:
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

3. Use any of the two methods, previously explained (ribbon or

__________________________________ command line), to run the Line

command.__________________________________

For the start, click on

Point (1).

__________________________________
__________________________________ 5. Drag the mouse towards the
right and press on Point (2).
Because__________________________________

of the Orthomode that is activated, we will only be able to move

__________________________________ horizontally or vertically. Click
on Point (2) to create the first line__________________________________

segment 1-2

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6. Now, drag the mouse
downward and press anywhere in a straight
__________________________________

line to draw the second line segment 2-3.

__________________________________ 7. In a similar manner, draw the
remaining two-line segments, 3-4
and__________________________________
4-1

, to complete this practice exercise.

__________________________________
__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________ 1. It is pertinent to mention that
all the line segments drawn __________________________________

in this practice exercise are independent and can

be__________________________________ edited separately.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Try it yourself. Select any of
the four-line segments, press __________________________________

delete button from your keyboard. The selected line

__________________________________

segment will be deleted keeping the other three-

line__________________________________ segments unchanged.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3.2 Polyline Command

__________________________________

About Polylines __________________________________

__________________________________ A Polyline is a series of

connected line segments, which are formed
as__________________________________ a single object. The Polyline
command helps us to create complex
__________________________________ shapes or objects such as multi-
line segments, arc segments, or a __________________________________

__________________________________combination of the two between

any two points, objects or features
in__________________________________the drawing. All line segments
and/or arc segments in a polyline act as
__________________________________

one drawing object. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
Drawing Polylines __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw a polyline, the

Polyline command can be activated
in__________________________________

the following two ways: __________________________________ 1. The

first option is from the Ribbon. From the Ribbon, activate
the__________________________________

__________________________________Home tab➢ Draw panel, and then

click the Polyline button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

The second option is through the

command line

. Type the alias

__________________________________
__________________________________ or the command Polyline and
press the Enter key, Spacebar, or
the__________________________________
mouse's right-click button . __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will only

practice drawing straight lines using
the__________________________________ polyline command. So, again
draw a rectangle, as shown, using the
__________________________________ polyline command this time,
instead of the line command we
used__________________________________

__________________________________previously.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ To draw the rectangle, let's follow

this step by step procedure: __________________________________

1. Open the ACAD1-01. Line AutoCAD practice file.

__________________________________

2. Make sure that Object Snap and Orthomode are on. Details on
__________________________________

Object Snap and Orthomode are given in Chapter

5.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 3. Use any of the two methods,
previously explained, to activate__________________________________
the line

command

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4. For the start, Point (1), click
anywhere in the drawing.__________________________________

5. Drag the mouse towards the right and press anywhere in a

__________________________________ straight line to draw the first line

segment 1-2.__________________________________

6.
Now, drag the mouse downward and press anywhere in a

__________________________________
__________________________________ straight line to draw the second
line segment 2-3.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________

__________________________________ 1. All the line segments drawn in

this practice exercise,__________________________________ using
polyline command, and act as one
object.__________________________________

Editing on line segment will apply changes to all the

__________________________________

line segments. __________________________________

__________________________________ 2. Try it yourself. Select any of

the four-line
segments,__________________________________ press delete button
from your keyboard. We will see__________________________________
that deleting one line segment deletes all the line
__________________________________

segments indicating that they are acting as one

object.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ In a similar manner, draw the

remaining two-line segments, 3-4__________________________________
and 4-1, to complete this practice
exercise.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 3.3 Circle Command
__________________________________

__________________________________

About Circles

__________________________________ A

Circle

is an AutoCAD object in which all points are at an equal

__________________________________
__________________________________distance from the center.
__________________________________

__________________________________ The Circle command is used to

create circles in the drawing. When the
__________________________________
__________________________________ Circle command is activated,
various combinations of the center,
__________________________________radius, diameter, etc., can be
specified while creating a circle.

The most__________________________________ fundamental and basic

combination is to select a Center Point (1) and
__________________________________

then specify the Radius (R). __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Drawing a Circle __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw a circle, the

Circle command can be activated in
the__________________________________ following two ways:
__________________________________ 1.

The first option is from the

Ribbon

. Activate the

Home

tab

Draw

__________________________________

__________________________________panel, and then click the Circle

button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

The second option is to use the

Command

Line.

Type in the alias

__________________________________
__________________________________ “C” or the full “Circle”
command and press the Enter or
the__________________________________ Spacebar keys. Alternatively,
we can also use the mouse's right__________________________________

click as an equivalent to the Enter command.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will draw a
circle, as shown, using the most__________________________________
fundamental and basic combination, that is to select a Center Point (1)
__________________________________ and then specify the Radius
(R).__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ Let's use a step by step procedure

to draw a circle.

__________________________________

1. Open the practice file ACAD1-03. Circle.dwg.

__________________________________

2. Use any of the two previously explained methods to activate

the__________________________________

circle

command.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 3. For the center Point (1), click
to specify the center of the circle.__________________________________
4. Drag the mouse outwards away from the center and type a radius
__________________________________ value of say 400m or 400ft,
depending on the units you are
using__________________________________ (metric or imperial units).

__________________________________
__________________________________ 5. Then, press the Spacebar or
the Enter key to finish the
command.__________________________________

6. You should now be able to see the circle we have created.

__________________________________
__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________

In this practice exercise, we have created a circle using

the__________________________________ basic combination of center
point and radius. In the advance
__________________________________
__________________________________ level course, we will learn about
other combinations we can

__________________________________

use to create a circle in AutoCAD.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3.4 Arc Command

__________________________________

About Arcs __________________________________An Arc is a section

or segment of a circle. The Arc command is used
to__________________________________ create arcs in an AutoCAD
drawings. Like circles, when the Arc
__________________________________ command is activated, various
combinations of start point,
endpoint,__________________________________

__________________________________center, radius, chord length, etc.,

can be specified to create the arc.__________________________________
__________________________________ The most fundamental and basic
combination is to draw an arc with the
__________________________________ help of three points, a Start

Point (1), Center Point (2), and End Point

__________________________________

__________________________________(3).
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Drawing Arcs __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw an arc, the Arc

command can be activated in the__________________________________
following two ways: __________________________________ 1. The first
option is to use the ribbon. From the Ribbon, activate
the__________________________________

__________________________________Home tab➢ Draw panel, and then

click the Arc button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

The second option is the command line. In the command line, type

__________________________________
__________________________________ the alias

“A” or the full command “Arc” and press the Enter key,
the__________________________________
Spacebar , or then right-click the mouse button.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will draw an

arc by using the basic
combination,__________________________________ that is, the help of
three points. We will use a start Point (1), center
__________________________________ Point (2), and End Point

(3). __________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to draw an arc.

__________________________________

Open the practice file

ACAD1-04.Arc.dwg

.
__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Use any of the two methods,
previously explained, to activate
the__________________________________

Arc command . __________________________________

3. For the start, Point (1), click on your desired start

point.__________________________________

Drag the mouse towards

Point (2)

and press the left mouse key for

__________________________________
__________________________________ center Point (2).
__________________________________ 5. In a similar manner, drag the
mouse towards Point (3) and click for
__________________________________

the last Point (3). The arc is now completed.

__________________________________

__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________

__________________________________ In this practice exercise, we have

created an arc using the basic __________________________________
combination of three points. In the advance level course, we will
__________________________________

learn about other combinations of creating arcs in AutoCAD.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3.5 Erase Command

__________________________________

About the Erase Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Erase command is used to

remove an AutoCAD

object in a __________________________________

drawing. In order to delete an object from the drawing, we simply need

__________________________________
__________________________________ to activate the Erase command
and then select the object to be
deleted.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
Using the Erase Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to remove an object in a

drawing, the Erase command can
be__________________________________

activated in the following two ways:

__________________________________ 1. From the Ribbon, activate the
Home tab. Then, from the Modify__________________________________

__________________________________panel, click the Erase button as

highlighted.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

2. The second option is to type the alias E or the full word Erase, in
the__________________________________ command bar, and press

enter

Spacebar

key, or the mouse's

__________________________________
__________________________________ right-click button.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will use the

Erase command to remove an arc__________________________________

object, shown in red color, created in a previous practice exercise.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
Let's follow a step by step procedure to erase the arc.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1. Open the practice file ACAD1-
05.Erase.dwg.__________________________________ 2. Use any of the
two methods, previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________ Erase command.
__________________________________

Select the arc, shown in red color, and press the

Enter

key or

__________________________________
__________________________________ Spacebar to erase the arc.
__________________________________ 4. The screenshot of the drawing,
upon the removal of arc, is shown.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 5. In a similar manner, we can

erase as many drawing objects as we
__________________________________

want.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3.6 Rectangle Command

__________________________________

About Rectangles __________________________________

__________________________________ We have already learned to create
a rectangle using the Line and __________________________________

Polyline commands

. But there is another quick way to create a

__________________________________
__________________________________ rectangle, and that is with the
help of the Rectangle command.__________________________________

__________________________________ The Rectangle command is used

to create rectangular objects in __________________________________
AutoCAD. A rectangular object, created with this command, acts as a

__________________________________
__________________________________single polyline object.
__________________________________

__________________________________ There are many options for

creating a rectangle based on the area and
__________________________________ dimensions of the rectangle. The
simplest and the basic method is with

__________________________________
__________________________________ the help of two points, i.e., to
specify a first corner and then the__________________________________
opposite corner. __________________________________
__________________________________
This figure below shows a rectangle, which is created using the two
__________________________________
__________________________________points technique.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Drawing Rectangles __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw a rectangle, the

Rectangle command can be
activated__________________________________

in the following two ways: __________________________________ 1.

From the Ribbon, activate the Home
tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. In the Draw panel, click the
Rectangle button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. In the command bar, type the alias REC or the full

command__________________________________

RECTANG

and press the

Enter key
, the

Spacebar,

or the

Mouse's

__________________________________
__________________________________ right-click button.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this practice exercise, we will

draw a rectangle, as shown, using
the__________________________________

two-point method. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure, to draw a rectangle:

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1. Open the practice file ACAD1-
06.Rectangle.dwg. __________________________________ 2. Use any of
the two methods, previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________

Rectangle command. __________________________________

For the first point, click on

corner (1).
__________________________________
__________________________________ 4. Drag the mouse and press the
left mouse key on the second Point
__________________________________

(2), representing the opposite of corner (1).

__________________________________ 5. The command is now
completed, and we have created
the__________________________________

Rectangle

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 3.7

Polygon Command __________________________________

About Polygons __________________________________

__________________________________ A polygon is a regular geometric

object. It is a multi-sided (3 or more
__________________________________

sides) object in which all sides are of equal length.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

The Polygon command is used to create a regular polygon geometric

__________________________________ object. A polygon can be created
using various parameters. One way is
__________________________________

to specify the

center point

and

radius

of an imaginary circle, and the

__________________________________
__________________________________other one is by specifying a start
point and end point of one of the__________________________________
polygon edges. __________________________________

__________________________________ Most commonly, polygons are

created by specifying the center point

__________________________________
__________________________________ and radius of an imaginary circle.
When we select this method, we
must__________________________________

choose one of two options, that is, either the “inscribed in a circle” or
__________________________________ “circumscribed in a circle.” The
size of the polygon is calculated, __________________________________

__________________________________depending on the selected option,

as shown in these images.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Drawing Polygons __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to draw a polygon, the

Polygon command can be activated
in__________________________________

the following two ways: __________________________________ 1. From

the Ribbon, activate the Home
tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. In the Draw panel, click the
downward arrow next to the__________________________________

Rectangle button to open the flyer, and then click the

Polygon__________________________________
button. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

3. The second option is the command bar. Type in the alias POL

__________________________________ or the full Polygon command.

__________________________________
4. Then, press the Enter key, the Spacebar or the mouse's
right__________________________________

click

button.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will draw a

polygon inscribed in a circle, as
shown,__________________________________ using the default method,
i.e., by specifying the center point and
__________________________________ radius of an imaginary
circle.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure, to draw a polygon:

__________________________________
1. Open the practice file ACAD1-
07.Polygon.dwg__________________________________

Use any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate the

__________________________________
__________________________________ Polygon command.
__________________________________ 3. Enter a value for the number of
sides, say 5 in this case. __________________________________

4. For the center Point (1), click on the center

point.__________________________________ 5.

Choose the

inscribed in circle

option.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6. Drag the mouse away from the
center point and enter a value for

__________________________________

the radius, say 2m or 2ft, depending on your preferred units.

__________________________________ 7.

Press the Enter key or Spacebar to finish the command.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Note:

__________________________________
__________________________________ Values used in this exercise are
just for the sake of practice in this

__________________________________

guide. we may use other values for number of sides of a polygon

__________________________________ and radius of the polygon.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Controlling Objects __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4.1

Introduction __________________________________

__________________________________ Changing object properties is a

common practice in all design
activities.__________________________________ These changes may be a
result of any alteration or adjustment in a
__________________________________ design. Editing a drawing is
something we will be required to do
__________________________________ frequently during the life cycle of
a project.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
In this chapter, we will not only have an understanding of all the basic
__________________________________ commands that are used for
altering drawing objects, but we also
__________________________________ practice the respective commands
that allow us to do it.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 4.2 Moving Objects

__________________________________

About the Move Command __________________________________In

this section, we will learn how to change the position of an object
in__________________________________ an AutoCAD drawing using the
Move command. Changing the position
__________________________________ of an object in a drawing is a
common practice while editing or

creating__________________________________

__________________________________a drawing.
__________________________________ The Move command allows us
to change the position of an object
in__________________________________

the drawing in various ways. The simplest of all available methods is to

__________________________________ change the position by selecting
the first Point (1) from where the __________________________________
__________________________________object
is, also known as the base point, to the second Point (2),
where__________________________________the object is going to be
moved to. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Move Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to move an object, the

Move command can be activated in
the__________________________________

following two ways: __________________________________ 1. From the

Ribbon, activate the Home tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. In the Modify panel, click the
Move button.__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is to use the command bar. Type the alias

M__________________________________ or

the full command,

Move

, and press
the

Enter key

, the

__________________________________
__________________________________ Spacebar, or the mouse's right-
click button. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will move the

smaller rectangle, from its current__________________________________

location, Point (1) to Point (2). __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Let's follow the step by step procedure to accomplish this goal:

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1. Open the practice file ACAD1-
09. Moving Objects.dwg. __________________________________

2. Use any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate

__________________________________ the Move command.

__________________________________

Select the smaller rectangle by clicking on it.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4. Then, press the Enter key or
the Spacebar to complete running
__________________________________ the Move command.

__________________________________
5. For the base Point (1), click on the upper left corner of
the__________________________________

rectangle

(1).

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6. Drag the mouse towards the
left and click on the second Point __________________________________

(2). __________________________________

7. The Move command is now

completed.__________________________________ 8.

This illustration shows the final position of the objects after

__________________________________
__________________________________ completion of the Move
command. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 4.3 Copying Objects

__________________________________ Introduction
__________________________________

__________________________________ In this section, we will learn

about creating duplicate objects in a
__________________________________

drawing using the

Copy

command

. This command is quite helpful if we

__________________________________
__________________________________ want to create a number of
objects having similar geometry in
a__________________________________ drawing.

Instead of creating the same object, again and again, we can

__________________________________ simply use the Copy command

to do this.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ Just like the Move command,

after running the Copy command,
the__________________________________ easiest available method to
copy an object is by selecting a first Point
__________________________________ (1), from where the object is
going to be copied, known as the base
__________________________________

__________________________________point, followed by the second

Point (2), where the object is going to
be__________________________________

created. __________________________________ Optionally, we can

continue specifying a multiple of destination points
__________________________________

(second point), if we want to create multiple duplicate objects.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

About the Copy Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to copy an object, the

Copy command can be activated in
the__________________________________

following two ways: __________________________________ 1. From the

Ribbon, activate the Home tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, from the Modify panel,
click the Copy button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is to use the command bar. From there, type

the__________________________________ alias

or the full

Copy

command

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4. Then, press the Enter key, the
Spacebar or the mouse's right__________________________________
click button.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will simply

create multiple copies of the cross
sign,__________________________________

as shown, __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish the task at hand:

__________________________________ 1.

Open the practice file

ACAD1-10.Copying Objects.dwg

__________________________________

__________________________________2. Make sure that Object Snap

mode is on. More details of the
Object__________________________________

Snap will be provided later. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
3. Use any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________ Line command.

__________________________________ 4.

Select the cross sign and then press the

Enter

key or

Spacebar

__________________________________
__________________________________complete the selection.
__________________________________

5. For the base Point (1), click on the upper left corner of the
__________________________________ rectangle.
__________________________________

Drag the mouse towards the right, reach the second

Point (2)

and

__________________________________

__________________________________ again click to paste the object to

its new position.

Continue__________________________________ specifying as many

second points (2) as we want.
__________________________________ 7. In the end, press the Enter key
or Spacebar to complete the __________________________________
command.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4.4

Rotating Objects __________________________________

About Rotating Objects __________________________________

__________________________________ In this section, we will learn to
use the Rotate command. In AutoCAD,
__________________________________

sometimes we need to change the direction or angle of an object, the

__________________________________
__________________________________ Rotate command comes handy
for such activities.__________________________________

__________________________________ There are various options to

rotate an object using the Rotate __________________________________

command

. The simplest of all is to use a combination of the base Point

__________________________________

__________________________________ (1), reference Point (1), second

point on object (2), and then the
target__________________________________ Point (3), as shown in this
figure. The red dotted line is representing
__________________________________ the original orientation of the
line, and the black solid line is indicating
__________________________________ the new direction.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Step by step procedure to rotate an object using this basic method is

__________________________________ explained in the practice

exercise.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Using the Rotate Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to rotate an object, the

Rotate command can be activated
in__________________________________

the following two ways: __________________________________ 1. From

the Ribbon, activate the Home
tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, from the Modify panel,
click on the Rotate button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. In the command bar, type the alias “RO” or the full

Rotate__________________________________

command

and press the

Enter

key or

Spacebar
or the right mouse

__________________________________
__________________________________ button.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will rotate a

line from its original direction, 1-2,
to__________________________________

new direction, 1-3, as shown. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Follow the step by step procedure, to rotate a line object, given

below:__________________________________ 1.

Open the AutoCAD practice file .dwg.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Make sure that Object Snap is
on. Details of Object Snap is given in
__________________________________ Chapter 5.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3. Use any of the two methods,

previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________ Line command.

__________________________________

Select the line and then press the

Enter

key or

Spacebar
to

__________________________________
__________________________________ complete the selection.
__________________________________ 5. For the base Point (1), click at
the start of the line object, then type
__________________________________

“R” and again click at the same point, i.e., at the start of the line
__________________________________ object.

__________________________________

__________________________________ 6. Specify the second Point (2)

by simply pressing the left mouse__________________________________
button at the end of the line object.

__________________________________

7. Drag the mouse upward and click on the target Point (3) to
__________________________________ complete the command.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________ 4.5 Mirroring Objects

__________________________________

About mirroring objects

__________________________________ As the name suggests, the

Mirror

command

helps to create a mirrored

__________________________________

__________________________________image of an existing AutoCAD

object. With the Mirror command,
we__________________________________

can replicate objects by reflecting it symmetrically to a physical or

__________________________________ imaginary line.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ In AutoCAD, sometimes, we

need to create a mirrored duplicate of
__________________________________ objects. That is where the Mirror
command comes handy.

__________________________________
__________________________________ Instead of creating a mirrored
duplicate from scratch, we can save a lot

__________________________________
__________________________________ of time by using this command. It
will assist us in creating complex__________________________________
geometries in a relatively short period of time.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________Once the Mirror command is

activated, it will ask us to define a
mirror__________________________________reference line. The mirror
line is a real or imaginary axis across which
__________________________________

all the desired geometry will be mirrored. Once the mirror line is

__________________________________ defined, and the object is

mirrored, we have the option of either
__________________________________
__________________________________retaining or removing the source
object.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Using the Mirror Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Mirror command can be

activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________ 1. First, from the Ribbon,
activate the Home tab. __________________________________ 2. Then,
on the Modify panel, click on the Mirror
button.__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is to type the alias MI or the full Mirror

__________________________________ command in the command

line.__________________________________

Then, press the

Enter key

, the

Spacebar

or the

mouse's right
__________________________________
__________________________________ click button.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will mirror

the polyline source object across
the__________________________________

mirror line 1-2, as shown. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
Let's follow a step by step procedure, to mirror the polyline

object.__________________________________ 1.

First, open the AutoCAD file

ACAD1-12.Mirroring.dwg

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Then, make sure that Object
Snap mode is on. More details on

__________________________________

using the Object Snap option is given in Chapter 5 of this course.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Now, use any of the two methods, previously explained, to run the
__________________________________
__________________________________ Mirror command.
__________________________________ 4. Next. select the polyline and
press enter or the Spacebar to __________________________________
complete the selection.

__________________________________

When prompted to select the first

Point (1)

of the mirror line, press

__________________________________
__________________________________ click on Point (1).
__________________________________ 6. Then, specify the second Point
(2) of the mirror line by simply __________________________________
clicking on Point (2).

__________________________________

Now, when prompted to decide whether to erase the source object

__________________________________
__________________________________ or not, select “No” to retain it.
__________________________________

8. The command is now completed, and the mirror image of the source
__________________________________ object is created.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4.6

Scaling Objects __________________________________

About Scaling Objects

__________________________________
__________________________________ In this section, we will learn how
to proportionally change the size of
__________________________________

an AutoCAD object. Most of the time, in AutoCAD, it is much easier to

__________________________________ modify an existing object than
creating a new one.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ The Scale command is one of

the commands that can help us
modify__________________________________

an existing object in terms of changing their sizes uniformly. We can

__________________________________ make them uniformly smaller or
bigger by applying the Scale __________________________________
command. The command can be applied to a single object or an entire

__________________________________
__________________________________ drawing.
The Scale command is particularly useful when
changing__________________________________

drawing units. For example, when switching a drawing from meters to

__________________________________ feet, from feet to inches, or any
other unit conversion.

We just need to__________________________________

__________________________________know the conversion factor
between the two units and scale
the__________________________________

drawing accordingly. __________________________________

__________________________________

There are various options available to us to use the Scale command.

__________________________________

__________________________________ One way is to use the

combination of a base Point (1) and a
scaling__________________________________ factor. For example, if we
want to increase the size of an object
two__________________________________ times, we will use a Scale
Factor of 2. Another way is to use a
__________________________________ combination of the base Point
(1), reference length (point 1 to__________________________________

__________________________________second point 2), and then a target

length (point 1 to point 3).

__________________________________ In this figure, the red dotted line

represents the original size of the__________________________________
square, while the black solid line represents the newly scaled square.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Scale Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Scale command can be

activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________ 1. First, from the Ribbon,
activate the Home tab. __________________________________ 2. Then,
from the Modify panel, run the Scale
command.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3. The second option is by using

the Command Bar.

Type the alias SC__________________________________ or the full Scale

command.

__________________________________ 4. Then, press the Enter key, the

Spacebar or the Mouse's right-
click__________________________________ button.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will increase

the size of the square object, as shown,
__________________________________ using the reference method. This
method uses: __________________________________ ❑ a Base Point (1),
__________________________________

__________________________________ ❑ a Reference Length (point 1

to point 2); and__________________________________ ❑ a Final Length
(Point (1) to Point (3)).__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Let's practice the Scale command by using a step by step procedure:

__________________________________
1. First, open the practice file ACAD1-13.Scaling Objects.dwg.

__________________________________

2. Next, make sure that the Object Snap option is on. Once again,
more__________________________________

details on using object snaps is provided in

Chapter 5
.

__________________________________
__________________________________

3. Then, use any of the two methods previously explained to run the
__________________________________ Scale Command.

__________________________________

Select the square and then press the

Enter key

or the

Spacebar

__________________________________
__________________________________ complete the selection.
__________________________________ 5. When prompted to specify the
base point, click on Point (1), then
__________________________________
type R. Typing R means that we are going to use a reference,
instead__________________________________ of specifying a given
value. With the reference option, we measure

__________________________________
__________________________________ a distance (the reference) on the
source object and specify the new

__________________________________ dimension we would like for that

distance. The new dimension can __________________________________

be entered manually or measured on the

screen.__________________________________ 6.

So, let's click on the two points of the reference dimension:

Point

__________________________________
__________________________________ (1) and Point (2).
__________________________________ 7. Now, to specify the new
dimension of the reference (1 to 2), drag
__________________________________

the mouse diagonally and click on at the target Point (3)

to__________________________________

complete the command. We have scaled the square by the

__________________________________
__________________________________ reference method, by making a
reference distance (1 to 2) equal to

__________________________________ a new distance (1 to 3).

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Editing Objects __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ In AutoCAD, editing objects is
another one of the most common __________________________________

activities that you will perform throughout a design process. The need
__________________________________
__________________________________ for editing may arise as a result of
any change in a design or for__________________________________
rectification of any mistake made during the design process.
__________________________________

__________________________________ In this chapter, we will not only

learn about the most commonly used
__________________________________

__________________________________commands for editing a drawing

objects but also practice the
respective__________________________________

commands. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 5.1 Extend Command

__________________________________

About the extend command__________________________________

__________________________________ In any design process, you may

need to adjust the length of a line or any
__________________________________ other AutoCAD object to meet
the design requirements. In some cases,

__________________________________
__________________________________ you may need to lengthen an
object, while in others, you may
require__________________________________

shortening the object geometry. __________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ The Extend command is used to

increase the length of a line, polyline,
__________________________________arc, or other AutoCAD elements
to connect it to another object.

The__________________________________ Extend command is a

precision drafting tools that extends objects and
__________________________________ ends them exactly at the specified
boundary. __________________________________
__________________________________In the following figure, if you
want to extend Line (1) to Line (2),
you__________________________________

first need to run the Extend command, then select the boundary
Line__________________________________ (2) and then the line to be
extended, Line (1).

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Using the Extend Objects __________________________________

__________________________________ We can run the Extend

command in the following two
ways:__________________________________
1. From the Ribbon, activate the Home tab
__________________________________

2. Then, from the Modify panel, click the arrow next to the
Trim__________________________________

__________________________________button to open the flyer and run

the Extend command.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is to type the alias EX or the full Extend

__________________________________ command in the command bar
and press on the Enter key or the__________________________________
Spacebar.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will extend

Line (1) to Line (2), as shown, using
the__________________________________

extend command . __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish this goal:

__________________________________ 1.

Open the
ACAD1-14. Extend.dwg

AutoCAD file.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Use any of the two methods,
previously explained, to activate
the__________________________________

extend command. __________________________________

3. Select Line (2), the boundary of the extension.

__________________________________

4. Then, press on the Enter key or Spacebar to complete

the__________________________________

selection.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 5. Now, when asked to select the
object that you want to extend, select

__________________________________ Line (1).

__________________________________

Line (1)

is now extended to the specified boundary.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 7. Press Esc to escape and end
the command.__________________________________ 8. This illustration
shows the final position of the objects after the
__________________________________

completion of the Extend command.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 5.2 Trim Command
__________________________________

About the Trim command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Trim command is just the

opposite of the Extend command. It is
__________________________________

used to shorten the length of an object, to end at the edges of another

__________________________________
__________________________________ intersecting object.
__________________________________
__________________________________
When tow objects intersect, one can act as the cutting edge for the other
__________________________________

one, thus removing the unwanted part of that object.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

In order to understand this command, look at this figure taken from the
__________________________________ practice exercise of the Extend
command. If you want to create a
well__________________________________

defined corner, by removing the portion of

Line (2)

extending beyond
__________________________________
__________________________________ Line (1), you first need to select
Line (1) and then select Line (2)
to__________________________________

Trim the extra portion. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Trim command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Trim command can be

activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________ 1. From the Ribbon,
activate the Home tab __________________________________ 2. Then,
from the Modify panel, run the Trim
command.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3. In the command line, type the

alias TR or the full Trim
command__________________________________

and press the Enter key, the Spacebar, or the mouse's right-click
__________________________________ button.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will trim

Line (2) that extends beyond Line (1),
as__________________________________

shown, using the Trim command.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to complete this practice:

__________________________________ 1.

Open the AutoCAD practice file

ACAD1-15.Trim.dwg

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Use any of the two previously
explained methods to activate the__________________________________
Trim command. __________________________________ 3. Select Line
(1) and then press enter or the Spacebar to complete
__________________________________ the selection.

__________________________________

Now, when prompted to select the portion of the object that you

__________________________________
__________________________________ want to trim, select the portion of
Line (2) that extends beyond

__________________________________ Line (1).

__________________________________

Press the
Enter

Esc

key to complete the command.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6. This illustration shows the
final position of the objects after__________________________________

completing of the Trim command.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 5.3 Offsetting Objects

__________________________________

About the Offset Command

__________________________________ Sometimes, we may need to

create parallel objects at a specified

__________________________________

__________________________________ distance. This is needed to create

geometries such as furniture
edges,__________________________________ mechanical parts edges,
roadway features, etc. We can
create parallel __________________________________ objects, with the
help of the Offset command. You can create parallel
__________________________________

__________________________________lines, parallel curves, concentric

circles, etc. Objects created using
the__________________________________Offset command have the
same shape but may or may not have the
__________________________________

same size. __________________________________

__________________________________

In this figure, you can see some parallel lines and concentric circles
__________________________________

__________________________________ created using the Offset

command. The objects shown in black
color__________________________________ are the source objects, and
those in red are created using Offset
__________________________________

command . __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Offset Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Offset command can be

activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________ 1. From the Ribbon,
activate the Home tab.

__________________________________ 2. Then, from the Modify panel,

run the Offset command.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 3. The second option to type the

alias “O” or the full

“Offset” command__________________________________

in the command bar, and press the Enter key, the Spacebar, or the
__________________________________ mouse's right-click button.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 4. We should mention also that

when the Offset command is __________________________________

launched, we have the option at the command line to specify a

__________________________________ distance and a Through point.

With the Through option, instead of
__________________________________ specifying a distance, we will
click on a point where the new offset

__________________________________
__________________________________ object will pass through.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will create an

offset object, as shown, by using
the__________________________________

Offset command . __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish this goal:

__________________________________ 1.

Open the AutoCAD practice file

ACAD1-16.Offset Objects.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Create a Circle to practice this
skill learned previously in section
1.3__________________________________

(circle command or use the circle already in the drawing).

__________________________________ 3. Use any of the two methods,

previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________ Offset command.

__________________________________

After activating the

Offset command

, you will be prompted to type

__________________________________
__________________________________ the offset distance. For this
exercise, use a value of 1m or 1ft. __________________________________

5. Select the object to offset (the circle) and then drag the mouse
__________________________________ towards the desired side (inwards
or outwards).

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6. In this exercise, drag the
mouse outwards and click to create
an__________________________________ offset object, shown in red
color above. Press the Spacebar or Enter

__________________________________

key to complete the command. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 5.4

Joining Objects __________________________________

In an AutoCAD drawing, we usually have objects drawn as individual
__________________________________
__________________________________ separate entities such as lines,
polylines, arcs, etc. These objects
are__________________________________

then combined to make a complex geometric object. This not only

__________________________________ makes it difficult to manage the

overall geometry of the objects but
also__________________________________ increases the file size. So, it
is always recommended to join such objects

__________________________________
__________________________________ when possible.

__________________________________
__________________________________ The Join command is used to
combine endpoints of objects such as

__________________________________

lines, polylines, arcs, etc. Be aware that the

Join
command

only works

__________________________________
__________________________________ when all objects that you want to
join share common endpoints and__________________________________
also are at the same geometric coordinates (x, y, and z). In other words,
__________________________________ they have to completely touch

ends.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ In this figure, you can see two

basic objects, a line, and an arc,
which__________________________________ share a common End Point
(1). If there is a gap between the endpoints
__________________________________

of these two objects, we will not be able to join them.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Using the Join Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Join command can be
activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________

1. From the Ribbon, activate the Home tab.

__________________________________

2. Then, from the Modify panel, click the arrow next to the
Modify__________________________________
__________________________________button to open the dropdown
flyer.__________________________________

3. From there, click on the Join

button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 4. In the command bar, type the

alias J or the full Join command.__________________________________

5. Then, press the Enter key, the Spacebar or the mouse's right-click
__________________________________ button.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this practice, we will join two

objects, an arc, and a polyline,
using__________________________________

the Join command. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish the task at hand:

__________________________________

1. Open the AutoCAD practice file ACAD1-17.Join Objects.dwg.

__________________________________

Create a line and arc, as shown, using the procedure, already

__________________________________
__________________________________ discussed to practice your skills.
Alternatively, you can use the__________________________________
existing entities if you have already mastered how to create lines

__________________________________ and arcs.

__________________________________

Next, use any of the two methods previously above to activate the
__________________________________
__________________________________Join command.
__________________________________

4. After activating the command, select all the objects you want to join.

__________________________________

5. Press the Spacebar or the Enter key to join the objects and
__________________________________ complete the command.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 5.5 Breaking Objects

__________________________________

About the Break Command __________________________________

__________________________________ Cases may arise where we need

to break a single AutoCAD object in two
__________________________________

or more separate entities. This task is accomplished by using the Break

__________________________________
__________________________________ command in AutoCAD.
__________________________________ The Break command works in
two ways.

One is to break an object at a __________________________________

point, in which case the line is broken, but the two endpoints of the new
__________________________________

__________________________________ entities remain in contact. The

second option is to break an object
__________________________________between two points, leaving a gap
between the two new entities.
We__________________________________ will learn how to use both
options.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Breaking an Object at Point __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to break an object at a

point, the Break at Point
command__________________________________

can be activated as follows: __________________________________ 1.

From the Ribbon, activate the Home
tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, from the Modify panel,
click the arrow next to the Modify__________________________________
button to open a flyer. __________________________________ 3. Next,
click on the Break at Point button.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will break the

line, as shown,
using the Break at__________________________________

Point command. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish the task at hand:

__________________________________ 1.

Open the AutoCAD practice file

ACAD1-18.Break Objects.dwg

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. First, let's practice some skills
learned earlier. Draw a line using the
__________________________________

Line command. If you are confident enough in your skills so far, use
__________________________________ the existing line object.

__________________________________
__________________________________3. Then, use either of the
previously explained methods to launch
the__________________________________

Break at Point command. __________________________________

4. Select the line object that you want to break.

__________________________________

Next, select a point on the line where you want to break it.

__________________________________

__________________________________6. The line is now broken into two

individual entities.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Break between Two Point __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to break an object

between two points, the Break
command__________________________________

can be activated in the following two ways:

__________________________________ 1. From the Ribbon, activate the
Home tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, from the Modify panel,
click the arrow next to Modify to open
__________________________________

the dropdown flyer and then click on the Break

button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ 3. The second option is to type

the alias “BR” or the full “Break”__________________________________
command in the command bar and press the Enter key, the
__________________________________

Spacebar, or the Mouse's right-click button.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will break the

line, as shown, using the Break__________________________________

command . __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish the task at hand:
__________________________________ 1.

Keep working from the previous AutoCAD practice file

__________________________________
__________________________________ 18.Break Objects.dwg.
__________________________________ 2. Draw a line using the Line
command. __________________________________

Then, use any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate

__________________________________
__________________________________the Break command.
__________________________________

4. Click on any two points on the line to break it between those two
__________________________________ points.
__________________________________ 5.

The line is now broken with a gap between the two points.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 5.6 Creating Fillets

__________________________________

About Fillets __________________________________

__________________________________ Fillets are quite common across

architecture and all engineering __________________________________

disciplines. They are used to

create a round or curved geometry

__________________________________
__________________________________ between any two AutoCAD
objects. The Fillet command is used
to__________________________________
create a smooth curved transition, of a specified radius between the

__________________________________ two objects. You can fillet

AutoCAD objects such as line, polyline, arc,
__________________________________

__________________________________etc.
__________________________________

__________________________________ In the following illustration, you

can see two lines before and after __________________________________
using the Fillet command.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Fillet Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to create a fillet between

two objects, the Fillet command can
__________________________________

be activated in the following two ways:

__________________________________ 1. From the Ribbon, activate the
Home tab.__________________________________

__________________________________2. Then, from the Modify panel,

run the Fillet

command.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. In the command bar, type the alias F or the command Fillet.

__________________________________ 4. Then, press the Enter key, the

Spacebar or the Mouse's right-
click__________________________________ button.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will create a

fillet between two line-objects, as__________________________________
shown, using the Fillet command.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure to accomplish the task at hand:

__________________________________ 1.
Open the AutoCAD practice file

ACAD1-19. Creating Fillets.dwg

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Draw two perpendicular lines,
as shown using the procedure__________________________________
discussed in Chapter 1. __________________________________ 3. Use
any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate the
__________________________________ Fillet command.

__________________________________

Once the

Fillet command

is activated, type the alias

in the

__________________________________
__________________________________ command bar and press the
Spacebar or Enter key. __________________________________

5. Type a radius value, to be used to fillet the two lines, and press the
__________________________________ Spacebar

Enter key

. In this exercise, use a fillet

radius

value of

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1m or 1ft.

__________________________________ 6. Select the first object (1) and

then the second object (2). __________________________________

7. Upon selecting the second object (2), a fillet will be created, and the
__________________________________ Fillet

command

will be automatically completed.

__________________________________
__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________ You can also use Fillet
command if you want to connect two
__________________________________

objects without a curve. For that you will use a radius value of
0.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Blocks __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

About Blocks __________________________________

__________________________________

When working in AutoCAD, sometimes we have to create drawings that

__________________________________

consist of various types of regular and sometimes irregular shaped

__________________________________ objects. All the information
drawn in an AutoCAD

drawing is stored in

__________________________________

__________________________________ the form of a database. Some of

these objects are used more
frequently__________________________________ than others. If you
would like to use these objects, it would be much
__________________________________ easier to group all the individual
entities of that complex geometry in a
__________________________________

single object, which is known in AutoCAD parlance as a Block

, multiple
__________________________________

__________________________________ objects combined to create a

single entity. Their main advantage is
their__________________________________ ease of reuse in the current
or future drawings. The block is stored in
__________________________________ the current drawing and
accessible whenever the drawing is opened.
__________________________________

__________________________________The blocks can also be imported

in other drawings. This not only
helps__________________________________you to work more efficiently
but also keeps your design formats
__________________________________

consistent across various projects. Ideally, your most frequently used

__________________________________ blocks should be saved in a
template file. Please refer to our
upper__________________________________
__________________________________level courses on how to work with
templates.__________________________________

__________________________________ In this chapter, we will learn how

to create blocks and use them in our
__________________________________

drawings. __________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 6.2

Creating Blocks __________________________________

As discussed earlier, using blocks will help you work more efficiently.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

In this figure, the left object is a block object, whereas the same object
__________________________________ on the right consists of various
separate entities. Just for illustration
__________________________________ purposes and better
understanding, the individual objects, forming a

__________________________________
__________________________________ complex geometry, are shown in
different colors. You can clearly
see__________________________________

that this complex geometry consists of lines, polylines, and arcs. If you
__________________________________ have to use them at multiple
locations or in multiple drawings, it would
__________________________________ be better to convert them into a
single block object. This will increase

__________________________________
__________________________________ your work efficiency.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Block Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to create a block, the

Block command can be activated in
the__________________________________
following two ways: __________________________________ 1. From the
Ribbon, activate the Insert tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, in the Block Definition
panel, run the Create Block
button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is to through the Command Bar. You can type in
__________________________________ the alias B or the command
Block, then press the Enter, the__________________________________

Spacebar key, or the mouse's right-click

button.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will create a

block by grouping basic AutoCAD
__________________________________

objects, as shown. We will use the Create Block command.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Let's follow the step by step procedure, to create the block, as shown:
__________________________________
1. Open the practice AutoCAD file ACAD1-20. Creating

Blocks.dwg.__________________________________

Use any of the two methods, previously explained, to activate the

__________________________________
__________________________________ Create Block command.
__________________________________ 3. Once the command is run, the
Block Definition window opens. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 4. Type in the name of the block,
Dining Table, for example. __________________________________

5. Then, click on Select Objects to select the object to be included in

__________________________________ the block.
__________________________________

In this case, select the objects forming the dining table in the

__________________________________
__________________________________ practice drawing, using a
rectangular selection. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

7. Then, press the Spacebar or Enter key.

__________________________________
8. Click OK. This will group all the entities into one monolithic
block.__________________________________

If you do not specify a block

Base Point

, the block will automatically

__________________________________
__________________________________ be inserted at the coordinates 0,
0, 0 of a drawing by default. To__________________________________
specify an insertion point in the block, activate the Specify on
__________________________________

Screen option. __________________________________

Then, click on

Pick point

__________________________________
__________________________________ 10. Next, click on the point you
would like to be the default
insertion__________________________________

point, say the lower bottom corner.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

11. The insertion coordinates are now specified. Next time you

insert__________________________________ this block in a drawing, this

point will be matched with whichever
__________________________________ point you choose on the
screen.__________________________________

12.

In the

Object

section, we have three options that we can use to

__________________________________
__________________________________ decide what happens to the block
after its creation.__________________________________ a. Retain, which
retain all objects used to create the block.
__________________________________ b. Convert to block, which will
replace the existing individual__________________________________
objects by the newly created block.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

c. Delete, which will delete the objects used and will not
__________________________________ immediately insert the new block.
We can, however, insert __________________________________

the new block later, if we wish to.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

13.

__________________________________ Click OK to create the dining

table block.__________________________________ 14.Repeat the
previous steps to create a block called Chair. This time
__________________________________ select the objects constituting the
chair.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

15. For the base point, select the lower-left corner of the entities.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

16. We now have two blocks. One for the Dining Table and a second
__________________________________ one for the Dining Chair. The
proof you ask? Click on any
object,__________________________________ and you will have the
whole block selected.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 6.3 Editing a block

__________________________________

About Editing a Block

__________________________________ To paraphrase a wise man named

Heraclitus

,
the only constant,

__________________________________

__________________________________ designing, is change. In

AutoCAD, you will find yourself making a lot of
__________________________________ changes, most of the time, due to
circumstances beyond your control.
__________________________________ Therefore, we need to know how
to deal with these changes. __________________________________

__________________________________Fortunately, once a block is

created, we can edit and modify it.

The best__________________________________thing about editing a

block is that the changes will propagate to every
__________________________________

instance of the block, throughout the drawing. So, let's say you have a
__________________________________ hotel drawing with 10 floors and
300 rooms. If the owner decides to
__________________________________ go from king size to queen-size
beds, for example, the change will only

__________________________________

__________________________________ take you a couple of minutes. Just

edit the block, and every single
bed__________________________________ in the building will adjust to
the new sizes.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

How to Edit a block __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to Edit a block, we need

to use the Block Editor. It can be__________________________________

activated in the following two ways:

__________________________________ 4. From the Ribbon, activate the
Insert tab.__________________________________

__________________________________5. Then, in the Block Definition

panel, run the Block Editor
button.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
6. The second option is to through the Command Bar. You can type

in__________________________________ the command Blockeditor,

then

press the

Enter,

the

Spacebar

key,

__________________________________
__________________________________ or the mouse's right-click button.
__________________________________

7. In the Edit Block Definition window, select the block to Edit. Let's
__________________________________ select the dining table and click,
OK.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

8. The Block Editor opens. You may have not noticed, but this is a
__________________________________ completely different window than
our AutoCAD

main drafting __________________________________ window. In this

window, we can edit any of the block's objects
(their__________________________________ sizes, shapes, dimensions,
colors,
etc.). Let's change the colors to put

__________________________________
__________________________________ them to By block. This means
that the colors of all objects of the __________________________________

block will inherit the color we set for the global block. Their

__________________________________ individual colors will be

overwritten and replaced by the
block's__________________________________ color. So, let's say the lines
are blue, the polylines red, the arcs

__________________________________
__________________________________ yellow, etc. None of that will
matter if we put the block to magenta.
__________________________________ They will all obey the block color
and turn magenta. Select all the__________________________________

objects, right click, and select

Properties.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ 9. In the new Properties

Window, we can change several
parameters__________________________________

of the block entities. One of the parameters is the object's color. Set
__________________________________ it to By Block.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

10. All entities will keep showing with their original color until we set
a__________________________________ color for the block.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 11. Close the Block Editor.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

12. Click Save the changes to Dining

Table__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
13. Repeat the same previous steps to change the color of the Chair
__________________________________ block.
__________________________________

14.

We now know how to

Edit

a block and ready to tackle any requested

__________________________________
__________________________________ change involving a block.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 6.4 Inserting Blocks

__________________________________

About Inserting Blocks and

Drawings__________________________________

Now that we know how to

Create

and

Edit

a block, we need to learn

__________________________________

__________________________________ how to insert them. After all,

that's how they are going to be
used.__________________________________ To insert blocks and files in
a drawing, we need to use the Insert
__________________________________ command. When a new drawing
is created, it does not contain any __________________________________

__________________________________ block definition, unless blocks

were stored in the drawing template. So,
__________________________________you either have to create new
blocks or Insert blocks from other__________________________________
drawings. When a drawing file is inserted into another drawing, all
__________________________________

block definitions of the inserted file will be added in the new drawing.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Using the Insert Command __________________________________

__________________________________ In order to insert a block, the

Insert command can be activated in
the__________________________________

following two ways. __________________________________ 1. From the

Ribbon, activate the Insert tab.__________________________________
__________________________________2. Then, in the Block panel, run
the Insert command. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

3. The second option is through the Command Bar. Type either the
__________________________________ alias “I” or the “Insert”
command, then press the Enter,
the__________________________________

Spacebar key, or the mouse's right-click

button.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Practice Exercise __________________________________

__________________________________ In this exercise, we will insert the

blocks we previously created in a
new__________________________________ file. This block was created
in a previous practice exercise. We will
__________________________________ bring it in a different drawing
with the Insert command.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Let's follow a step by step procedure, to insert the block:

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1. Open a new AutoCAD
drawing by using the ribbon or typing QNew

__________________________________

(Quick New) at the Command line. If you have a default template

__________________________________ already set, use it. If not, choose a
Metric or Imperial template from__________________________________
your template directory.

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. Use any of the two methods,
previously explained, to activate the

__________________________________ Create block command.

__________________________________

3. Once the command is activated, the Insert window will open.

Click__________________________________ on the

“Browse”

button to navigate to practice drawing directory.

__________________________________
__________________________________ In the directory, select the
ACAD1-21.Inserting Blocks – __________________________________

COMPLETED.dwg file and click Open.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

4. In the Insert window, Uncheck the two options, “Scale” and

__________________________________ “Rotation.” Activate the Specify
on Screen option.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

5. Now, you can click anywhere to insert the drawing containing all
__________________________________ the blocks we have created, thus
importing the block definition. __________________________________
6. Double-click on your mouse or use the alias ZE at the
command__________________________________

line to

Zoom

the

Extent

of the drawing and reveal all entities in the

__________________________________
__________________________________ imported drawing.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Select the two blocks and hit

Delete

to erase them. We will see how

__________________________________
__________________________________ to insert them with a precise
Basepoint. __________________________________ 8. On the Insert tab,
in the Block panel, click on the arrow to roll the
__________________________________ Block panel.
__________________________________ 9. Then, scroll all the way down
to the most recent blocks and
select__________________________________ the

Dining Table

block.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 10. Click anywhere on the screen
to insert it.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
11.

Repeat the previous steps to insert the

Chair

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

12.

For the insertion point, click on the

Table

's top left corner.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
13.

The chair is now inserted and hooks well with the table because we
__________________________________
__________________________________ have defined an insertion point
while creating the chair block.

__________________________________

14. Use the Copy command to create two additional copy of the chair
__________________________________ and lay them out like this.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

15. Next, use the Mirror command to add chairs on the other side of
the__________________________________ table, using the horizontal
centerline of the table.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ Note:
__________________________________ 1. A new drawing file may or
may not have some basic __________________________________

block definitions in it depending upon the

drawing__________________________________ template file.

2. You will learn about creating a

advance level course.

__________________________________
__________________________________ template file in
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Object Snaps and Orthomodes

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

In this introductory course, we learned about creating basic

objects,__________________________________
__________________________________altering and editing those objects.
We have also learned about
creating__________________________________ blocks, editing, and
inserting them. There are some other commands
in__________________________________ AutoCAD, which are used in
conjunction with other basic commands to

__________________________________

draw objects accurately. __________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________ In this chapter, we will learn

about the importance of these
supporting__________________________________ commands and their
use. Learning these commands is very important
__________________________________ to work efficiently. Two of the
most important supporting
commands,__________________________________

__________________________________or drafting mode rather, are

Object Snap and Orthomodes.

They are__________________________________ not commands per se,

but a drafting mode we put ourselves in,
to__________________________________ achieve a certain desired result.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 7.1 Object Snap
__________________________________
About Object Snap __________________________________

__________________________________ All objects in AutoCAD have

certain defined selectable points such as
__________________________________

endpoint, midpoint, center, etc.; these points can be used to position

__________________________________
__________________________________ and interact with these objects. It
is very important to define these__________________________________

selectable points if you want to accurately work with these objects.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
There is a total of fourteen Object Snap modes available in AutoCAD.

__________________________________ All available modes, with a brief

description, are given below.__________________________________

❑ Endpoint: Snaps to the closest endpoint or corner of an

object.__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

❑ Midpoint: Snaps to the midpoint of an object.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

❑ Center: Snaps to the center points of curved objects.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

❑ Geometric Center: Snaps to the centroid of any closed

splines__________________________________ and polylines.

__________________________________
__________________________________

❑
Node:

Snaps to a point object, dimension definition point, or

__________________________________
__________________________________ dimension text origin.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Quadran

t: Snaps to quadrant points on curved objects.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ ❑ Intersection: Snaps to the

intersection of any two geometric__________________________________

objects. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

❑ Extension: Causes a temporary extension line to display when

__________________________________ you pass the cursor over the
endpoint of objects, so you can__________________________________
specify points on the extension line.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ Insertion: Snaps to the insertion

point of an attribute, a block, a__________________________________

shape, or text. __________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

❑ Perpendicular: Snaps to a point perpendicular to a selected

__________________________________ AutoCAD object.

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

❑ Tangent: Snaps to the tangent of a curved object such as

circle,__________________________________ arc, etc.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Nearest:

Snaps to the nearest point on an AutoCAD object.

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

❑ Apparent Intersection: Snaps to the apparent intersection

of__________________________________

any two AutoCAD objects that do not intersect in 3D space but

__________________________________
__________________________________ may appear to intersect in the
current view. __________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ ❑

Parallel: Restrict a line or ray object parallel to another existing

__________________________________

linear object that you identify by hovering mouse

cursor.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
Using Object Snap Command __________________________________

__________________________________ The Object Snap command can

be activated in the following two
ways:__________________________________

1. On the Status Bar, at bottom of the screen, click on Object Snap

__________________________________ button. A

activated,

command.

blue-colored button indicates that the command

is__________________________________

__________________________________and a white-colored button

represents an inactive__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

The second option is to simply press

“F3”
to activate or deactivate

__________________________________
__________________________________ this command.
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Object Snap Settings __________________________________

__________________________________ The Object Snap settings

window is shown. The Object Snap
settings,__________________________________ in the Object Snap tab of
drafting settings window, allow you to select
__________________________________ the required object snaps by
checking boxes.__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

If we click on the “Clear All” button, it will uncheck all the

boxes,__________________________________ whereas clicking

“Select All”

will check all the boxes. We can also select

__________________________________
__________________________________ specific desired snaps modes
individually.__________________________________

__________________________________ We can open the Object Snap

Setting window in the following
two__________________________________ ways:

__________________________________
__________________________________ 1. On the Status Bar, at bottom
of the screen, right-click on the__________________________________
Object Snap button or left-click the arrow next to Object Snap
__________________________________ button to open the dropdown

flyer.__________________________________ 2.

Then, click on

Object Snap Setting

s. This will open the

“Drafting

__________________________________
__________________________________ Setting”

window, shown above.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

3.
The second option through the

Command bar

. There, we can type

__________________________________
__________________________________ the alias

“OS” or the command “OSNAP,” then press the Enter,

the__________________________________

Spacebar key, or the mouse's right-click button.

__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________ 7.2 Orthomode

__________________________________

About Orthomode __________________________________

__________________________________ This is a simple but very useful

drafting mode in AutoCAD. The __________________________________

Orthomode

will help us draw lines, polylines, or other objects in a

__________________________________
__________________________________ horizontal or vertical direction.
When the command is turned on,
the__________________________________

cursor’s movement will be restricted only in two directions, that is,

__________________________________ horizontal and vertical. Lines in
this figure are drawn while ortho __________________________________

__________________________________command is activated.
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

Using Ortho __________________________________

__________________________________ Orthomode can be activated in

the following two ways:__________________________________

1. On the Status Bar, at bottom of the screen, click on the Orthomode

__________________________________ button. A blue-colored button
indicates that command is
activated,__________________________________
__________________________________and a white-colored button
represents an inactive command.__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________ 2. The second option is to simply
press “F8” to activate or deactivate

__________________________________ this command.

__________________________________

__________________________________3. Press “F8” to activate or

deactivate this command.__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________

Note:

__________________________________
__________________________________ ❑ In this chapter you have
learned about two __________________________________

commands, which

design activity by

accuracy.

will assist you during any __________________________________

__________________________________enhancing efficiency and

__________________________________

__________________________________ ❑ You have also learned the use

of these commands __________________________________ while doing
the practice exercises for “creating
__________________________________

__________________________________basic objects”.
__________________________________❑ You will learn about creating a
template file in__________________________________ advance level
course.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
Table of Contents
Chapter 5
INTRODUCTION
3.1 LINE
D RAWING
3.2 POLYLINE
D RAWING POLYLINES
3.3 CIRCLE
D RAWING A CIRCLE
3.4 ARC
D RAWING ARCS
3.5 ERASE
U SING THE ERASE
3.6 RECTANGLE
D RAWING RECTANGLES
3.7 POLYGON
POLYGONS
ABOUT MIRRORING OBJECTS
............................................................................
U SING THE MIRROR
4.6 SCALING
U SING THE SCALE
5.1 EXTEND COMMAND
U SING THE EXTEND
5.2 TRIM COMMAND
USING THE TRIM
5.3 OFFSETTING
U SING THE OFFSET
5.4 JOINING OBJECTS
U SING THE JOIN COMMAND
5.5 BREAKING OBJECTS
B REAKING AN OBJECT AT
B REAK BETWEEN TWO POINT
5.6 CREATING
A BOUT
6.2 CREATING
U SING THE BLOCK COMMAND
6.3 EDITING A
H OW TO EDIT A
6.4 INSERTING BLOCKS
U SING THE INSERT
P RACTICE EXERCISE.
7.1 OBJECT
U SING OBJECT SNAP
7.2
U SING ORTHO.

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