Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 9 views

    ABG Notes

    Uploaded by

    Island Rae
    This document discusses and compares the signs and causes of four types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is CO2 retention in the lungs, and can be caused by hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is rapid loss of CO2 from the lungs, and can be caused by hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete acid or conserve base, and can be caused by conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete base or conserve acid, and can be caused by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ABG Notes

    Uploaded by

    Island Rae
    9 views2 pages
    This document discusses and compares the signs and causes of four types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is CO2 retention in the lungs, and can be caused by hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is rapid loss of CO2 from the lungs, and can be caused by hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete acid or conserve base, and can be caused by conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete base or conserve acid, and can be caused by

    Original Title

    ABG notes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses and compares the signs and causes of four types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is CO2 retention in the lungs, and can be caused by hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is rapid loss of CO2 from the lungs, and can be caused by hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete acid or conserve base, and can be caused by conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete base or conserve acid, and can be caused by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views2 pages

    ABG Notes

    Uploaded by

    Island Rae
    This document discusses and compares the signs and causes of four types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is CO2 retention in the lungs, and can be caused by hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is rapid loss of CO2 from the lungs, and can be caused by hyperventilation. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete acid or conserve base, and can be caused by conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a decreased ability to excrete base or conserve acid, and can be caused by

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    Respiratory Respiratory Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic

    Acidosis Alkalosis Alkalosis


    • Where there is CO2 • Where there is rapid • Where there is • Where there is a
    retention in the lungs loss of CO2 from the decreased ability of the decreased ability of
    lungs than is retained kidney to excrete acid the kidney to excrete
    Or or conserve base base or conserve
    acid
    • Where the body
    produces CO2 faster
    than the lungs can
    expel

    • S/S: • S/S: • S/S: • S/S:


    1. HYPOventilation 1. HYPERventilatio 1. Decreased BP 1. Compensatory
    -> Hypoxia n (increased rate HYPOventilatio
    and depth) • HYPERkalemia n
    • Rapid, shallow
    respirations • Tachycardia 3. Muscle twitching • Dysrhythmias
    (tachycardia)
    3. Low BP 3. Decreased or 4. Warm, flushed
    normal BP skin (vasodilation) 3. Tremors,
    4. Pale to cyanotic muscle cramps,
    skin and/or 4. Numbness and 5. Changes in LOC tingling of
    mucosa tingling of (confusion and fingers and toes
    extremities increased
    5. Headache drowsiness) 4. HYPOkalemia
    5. Hyper-reflexes
    6. Drowsiness, and muscle 6. Nausea, vomiting 5. Restlessness
    dizziness and cramping and diarrhea followed by
    disorientation lethargy
    6. Increased 7. Kussmaul
    7. Muscle anxiety respirations 6. Confusion,
    weakness (compensatory decreased
    hyperreflexia 7. Increased HYPERventilation LOC, dizzy and
    irritability ) irritable
    8. HYPERkalemia
    8. HYPOkalemia
    9. Dysrhythmias
    (due to
    increased
    potassium
    levels)

    • Causes: • Causes: • Causes: • Causes:


    1. Respiratory 1. HYPERventilatio 1. DKA 1. Severe
    depression due n (due to anxiety, vomiting
    to anesthesia, fear and • Severe diarrhea
    drug overdose Pulmonary • Diuretics
    (opioids, Edema) 3. Renal failure (you're losing a
    benzodiazepines lot of
    4. Shock potassium,
    ) and increased • Mechanical except for the
    ICP ventilation 5. Lactic acidosis potassium-
    sparing
    • Airway medications)
    obstruction
    3. Excessive
    3. Decreased NaHCO3
    alveolar capillary (bicarbonate)
    diffusion (in
    pneumonia, 4. Excessive GI
    COPD, ARDs, suctioning
    PE)
    5. Excess steroid/
    antacid use

    • Relationship between potassium and acid-base balance=> https://acutecaretesting.org/en/journal-


    scans/on-the-relationship-between-potassium-and-acid-base-balance/

    • Acid-base imbalances alter the potassium transport;


    • Acidosis causes increased reabsorption of potassium in the collecting duct
    • Alkalosis causes decreased reabsorption of potassium in the collecting duct

    • In general acidemia (reduced blood pH) is associated with increased plasma


    potassium concentration (hyperkalemia), whilst alkalemia (increased blood pH) is
    associated with reduced plasma potassium concentration (hypokalemia).

    • Why does Cushing syndrome cause metabolic alkalosis? Cushing syndrome is


    when there is excessive cortisol produced. Under various chemical reactions, it is
    due to the excessive cortisol that leads to hypokalemia, which in turn leads to
    alkalosis

    • Tips:
    1. Acidosis leads to HYPERkalemia
    2. Alkalosis leads to HYPOkalemia

    • 6 components in an ABG:
    1. pH: 7.35 - 7.45 (7.40 as the absolute normal)
    2. PaO2: 75 to 100 mmHg
    3. PaCO2: 35 - 45 mmHg (respiratory parameter)
    4. HCO3: 22 - 26 mEq/L (metabolic parameter)
    5. O2 sat.: 94 to 100%
    6. Oxygen

    You might also like