Experiment No- 1

Determination of the characteristics of a separately excited

DC generator.

Objectives: a) Familiarized with the DC Machines.

b) To draw the 0CCcurve.

c) to determine the critical field resistance and the

critical speed.
d) to draw load curve and external curve.

Circuit diagram:

9- 20 A N

FWR
Coutroller

230V
SOHZ
FF 7 MHIH G
AA RESESIVE LO
Apparatus table:
| SLno Item Range/Specification Qty Maker's Maker's sl Remarks
nam no

Data table:

S! I.(A) Ir (A) Vr (V) E (V)

no
 and variation
rheostat. 3.motor
field
the starting.
position at PROCEDURE:
rheostat 1.
4. 2. GRAPH:
\iODEL.
field Put
Adjust Siart Make GRAGH:
1ODEL.
on the in the
current, tchanges he
Keep the
the
connections
MG
load lerininal
the rheostat. minimnum
set
If rheostat the
at and and rotage For --+
field
different note vollage volts
bring position as
Fo.
cirCuit in shown
the
values this to it cuTent
Load !.
values
resistance rated to extCInl
position the and in
of value rated the the
the of circuit
the through generator Mntes
bal
load and by speed
load
hence means diagram. current
field
until
current, of
out the
field Nc
full the the of
load generated the generator rheostat Keep AC AB
experiment
IL;
generator
terminal
current the speed
rated x
in
by motor
emf. the
is
voltage, asfield adjusting
maximum field
obtained. its

V
 2. PRE PRECAUTIONS: . 125 oltage
arnature,theRathrouglh
3. OCC? 2. 1.POST
LAB plate?
Dane
5. 4. 3. 4.
3. 2. 1. 7.Calculate
8. 5.
What How Defne Does How How 0CC Under 1. There
The Take Avoid Draw 6.
Calculate
LAB Ra. Mcasure
do do speed drop
does the do is should careparallax external Take it.
crt1cal
youQUESTIONS: you also what VIVA Ammature
VIVA you
0CC the the
the should while the the
get make check known
conditions
QUESTIONS: be across a
generated armature
flat the
field change
no using
errors characteristic, mean armature
portion maximum
resistance. out the as loose be resistance
the
adjusted and of
with magnetization
continuity
that the
does connections. e.m.f. the resistancecurrent
armature
loose
of speed? the starter. values
OCC the in
voltage generator to
connections. V, E each
versus at in
indicate? of DC rated for
field shunt
each which by cach
to characteristic, case
different
volt
which winding speed. Iivaluc case:
is and arc isampere
generator
DC calculated.
close values la
the internal of
generator -
and the IL
generator whv?
together method.
armature fail load of
characteristic,E current
to Ra
without current.
self as - Note
builds the
Va
winding? -
observing excite? / down
passing I
resistance
E- L,
up Ra
V+ the
from versus (Hot)
L,
the R..
of -
I
 DETERMINATION
Objectives: 1.
Diagram:
Circuit 7. 5. Why 3.
Whv How Whv
50Hz 230V
docs do is
Rf>
OCC
the you docs
e) d) A) create Ra
to to to) to a) 0CC in
Familiarized
draw draw draw dc not
draw OF differ
residual shunt start
THE
n N from
vst vsla vsla t vsla for machine?
Controller CHARACTERISTICs magnetism
decreasing
FWR N Experiment-2 origin?
characteristics.
characteristics.
characteristics.characteristics. with
|FF the and if
it
DC increasing 1s
20
M
A wipcd
Machines.
OF
out?
A values
DC

M MOTOR.
field
of

current?

S.
Torque 5. +. gravity
rcading 2. Measure i. obtained.
current
load
spring 3Adjust PROCEDURE:
the and Apparatus
Table:
3.Calculate meterS. 4
Heostat. 2 1
Draw
CALCULATIONS: Kecping Make
Calculate Calculale Put
start
i.e.9.8I. (the tensions, on Iiem
the the
the Do the
the th
connectionse
following thdifference
the
e the load notspeed motor.
Calculate circumference field
percentage input torque, the disturb
by ofrheostat
speed, Speciication
Range/
graphs: tightening the
power, between
t the
motor as
the =
efficiency, Wrg the shown
position (R)
a) power of
P, the voltage the on
Output =VI, (N-m). the at
spring no the in
(I,output brake screws the
of
load
n is Where and the minimum
Vsn, = diagram.
circuit
the tensions) drum the rheostat
of to
Po/ of
T, line the the its Otv
Pix W currents
la = and rated position,
T00
current motor spring
and Maker's
and Wi caiculate throughout name
N value
given 'g' - at
balances.
in = W2
is different switch
one lat = by
acceleration byspring Remarks
Maker's sl
I). its means
graph. the
Po= radius Note on no

loads test.
211IN/60 balance the
b) down of
Speed (r), until the supply
due
in field
to the
full
Vs
 Table:
Data
1Pour TherePRECAUTIONS:
3 GR\PH:
\ODEL
The 2 Take 1
Voltag
IL(A
Walcr should speed carc
Speed (V)
should while Ffceu
in
ihe be
no usiDg
brake be kg 1
W
loose
adjusted 2 W
the kg
drum
connections. slarter.
ontpuf
W2(kg) W-WI
lor to
cooling rated
rpmSpeed(N
Torque
speed.
pirpose.

(N-m). WrT=
g
Speed

P
W VI
queToi

21iy1/6 Po=

X
Po/P. n
100 =
 4. 3.
1.POST
VIVA
LAB 4
Why Why
2. 3. 2. 1. PRE
Why If What Where What Why
starter LAB
the brake is is did
is
starting considered it the can the VIVA
is you
test you
starting efficiency
not use
isavailable, QUESTIONS:
torque used QUESTIONS: use
a
as torque the 3-point
to range
is a DC
low constant
find how
?
motor?
shunt starter
of
in the can DC
dc
efficiency
speed you motor? for
shunt
start starting
motor? motor?
of DC
DC DC
motor?
motor? shunt

motor?
 SupplyAC
I
1-phase ! 230V50
| Objectives:
Hz Diagram:
Circuit
2. 1.
SpeedSpeed
Title:
Control
Control
Controlled
SourceDC
SPEED
ControlledWave
Rectifier Full
by by
field
Armature CONTROL
current

Voltage
AA FF A control. OF
Control DC
A MOTOR.
method.

FF

M
 No
Armature
control
voltage Field
OBSERVATION S: Apparatus
Table:
current
Item
control
S.l.no
Sl.no
method:
Armature Range
current(A) Field

voltage(v) or
Specification

Armature
voltage(v) Field
current(A)
Quantity

Speed(rpm)
Speed(rpm)
Name
Maker's

sl.l.
No.
Maker's
ILON
MOO8
 Report: Armature
control:
voltage IV
Field
PROCEDURE:
i I. THEORY:
current
Start
Note Perform Note Then Start
Perform
curve
Draw
the
I. down the down
decrease the control In
case
the
motor motor the
SpeedSpeed the the of
connections connections method:
speed with the
speed keeping DC
Vs Vs field motor
and the
Armature Field and
voltage help as
current the we
current field as
per i.e.
of rheostat per -la.Ra)Or
N have
the the current.
gradually. circuit 604 PZNO
voltage in 1/1,Na 1/Na
p N Eb V
stepstarter.circuit v,a V-la.Ra= = =
in
diagram. la.
by zero KO -V Ra
diagram.
changing la.
resistance +
Ra
Eb
voltage
position.
across

the
armature.
 Diagramn:
Circuit COnductingoadDETERMINATION
AIM:GENERATOR
ltest. SHæNT).
(SHORT Experiment
No:4.
Apparatus
Table: 2301 To
obtain
Item

internal
OF
Range/Specification and THE
('oatroller
FWR external
CHARACTERISTICS
F
6 characteristic
2#
A
M
Qty

of
Maker's
name
M DC OFA
HIH compound
Maker's sl
COMPOUND
no

generator
Remarks DC
by

20
M
 lhe PROCEDURE:
Table:
Data V b.
gencrated
Vi generator +. he ) heep 2 Make 1.
3. c.m.f.
"Xperiment
No. S laRa at Put Adjust motor Geherator
Star
Draw
the lhe
RAPH:DE! O the the
external
generator field the field
he as motor
MG connections
voltate
ioad terminalrheostat. field
VTIV) its
rheostat. set
characteristics and variation andrheostat
field
Ompuui
OVei side,
r1ent
Load I
for
note
Keepvoltage bring rheostat as
different down changes the of
tOmoud
Lde! in shown
it
maximum
to in
Vrvsl, the rheostat the the mininum in
the
I(A) valuesvalues
&
generator rated the
field resistance circuit
opoudlat Internal in
of of circuit this
load load speed resistance
to
diagram.
characteristics until position rated
current current of
position
the
value
full Generator position
Eg load ILthroughout
and at
and by
- starung.
V+ Egvscurrent. hence means (Resistance)
laRa.(V) terminal by
Where T the the ofadjusting
the
Eg
voltage and
=
 series . 1POST COmponded
3.CONPOmded PRE PRECAUTIONS:
3ACUmulative
CUCrators.
ENplain. I .
IAtet
Which What MeutionMent0n Coent Where Reniove The he Takr
ticld LAB
LAB
do careNrallax
the causCs vou VIVA should N.erd
winding vou VIVA the the
gCuCraor, on can he while
difierence
understand appications shot QUESTIONS:
he pplivations
(QUESTIONS: load should
be
compoUnd
gcts
he use
sunt slape
errrs
dop graduallv ho using
be
between short 3. DC oosr
adiusted and
between gecator ofload
BowCompound he
generator rom of of COnncctons, starter oose
circuitcd? difterential
ovcr do
in
cumulative load steps to
internal colpound current
vou cOnnections.
is curves? without rated
Gencrator?
revcrse and
generating
&i compound VsN
switch specd.
and external eftecting Npeed
generaiO thc
differential
full terminalcurve olT
characteristics? generator. the the
load,
over of nolor.
compound what voltagc the
compounding?
differential
will
of
happen an
over

if
its
 2l1

FUNCTION 2l0
1l9
16
17
tl8
A motor.
AS
MOTOR sedes
torque. 1l5
SERIES a
of AA
characteristics M 1ls
tl4
speed/electromagnetic
Dc
A
OF 1i0
11
12
SPHD
and
THE torque
OF OFLOAD
TORQUE. theSpeedshaft 9
EASUREMENT obtain

To 7

Ohjetives:
e Exam
Title n
 Apparatus Table:
Maker's
QuantityMaker's
Range or Specification sl.I. No.
SI. Item Name
No.

Data Table (Result):

Generator Circuit
Motor Circuit Armature Armature Speed(rpm)
Armature Armature Field
S.I. No. Current
Voltage(v) Current(A) current Voltage
AGA (A) VGA(V) AGa(A)
 Theory:
Tne current flowing through the field winding is same as the armature current because the field
Winding is connected in series with the armature of the dc motor. I,=l, the mmf due to the fieid
cos increase in direct proportion to the load curent. The value of the field flux varies with the
variation of the load, neglecting the armature reaction effect.

Procedure:
1 Make the circuit as per diagram.
2. Field connection of the generator is open.
3. Run the motor as desired
voltage and desired speed.
4. In running condition note
down the motor armature Current.
5. Generator field is
charged with rated current.
6. Generator load
increased gradually.
7. Then takes all the
reading.

Calculation:
Generator OUTPUT =VGE XVGA
Generator Input = Generator Output/ Efficiency
Generator Input Motor output
Motor Efficiency= Motor Output/ Wattmeter reading x100
We know

toutput power =Torque x Angular Velocity

10-b- 0.3
Torque = Output power / Angular velocity
=60 x Output Power/2/n
N = Measured Speed in rpm
 MOO8 TLON

Calculated Results:
SI. Torque (N-m)
No. Speed(rpm) Output Power(w)

Reports:
1. Torque V, Speed as per calculated table.
2. Load Current Vs speed as per calculated table.
 Title: STUDY OF THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A
SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMER.

OBJECTIVES:

i) To find the turn ratio.

To find the iron loss.
ii) To find the shunt parameter (Ro, Xo).
iv) To find the series parameters & to draw equivalent circuit.
v) To determine efficiency.
vi) To determine the regulation of the transformer.
To deer m ho ' l.

Circuit Diagram:

LPF Wattrneter

230v,50Hz AC HV Winding

V1 V2

LV

Open circutt test

 NO093LON

Wattmeter

LV Mnding
230v,50Hz AC

Vs

HV

Short circuit test

Apparatus table:

Maker's Maker's
SI. Item Range or Specification Quantity Name sl. No.
No.
Observation:

0.C. Test

HV side volt
Wattmeter
S!.no Volt meter Ammeter meter
reading(A) reading (W)
reading(v) reading(v)

S.C. test

LV side
Wattmeter
Ammeter ammeter
Sl.no
Volt meter reading (W)
reading(A) reading(A)
reading(v)
PROCEDURE:

0.C. test:

connection are made as per circuit diagrar).

To conduct O.C. test on single-phase transformer,
LV side.
Rated voltage or 125% of rated voltage is applied using variac on the
The reading of voltmeter, Ammeter and wattmeter are noted.

S.C. test:

as per circuit diagram.

To conduct S.C test on single-phase transformer connection are made
Il. Reduced voltage applied to the HV winding using single phase variac carefully.
=
of the rated current is flowing in the
Now the reading are noted when F.L. current or up to 125%
corresponding windings of transformer.

Reports:

i) Find the turn ratio.

Find the iron loss.
iii) Find the shunt parameter (Ro, Xo).
iv) Find the series parameters & to draw equivalent circuit.
V) Determine efficiency.
vi) Determine the regulation of the transformer.
vii) Explain why supply isgiven toLV side &HV side for 0C.& SC. Test respectively.