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Inferential Statistics - Introduction - Lecture - Part1 - Real

1. A random variable is a variable that can take on a range of possible numerical values according to a probability distribution. Random variables can be either discrete or continuous depending on whether their values are counted or measured. 2. Discrete random variables have a finite or countable number of possible values and are associated with a probability mass function. Continuous random variables can take on any value in a given interval and are associated with a probability density function. 3. Key properties of random variables include their mean, which represents the central value or expected outcome, and their variance, which represents how spread out the possible values are from the mean. These properties can be calculated using the probabilities associated with each value or range of values for a

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Kenya Levy
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11 views12 pages

Inferential Statistics - Introduction - Lecture - Part1 - Real

1. A random variable is a variable that can take on a range of possible numerical values according to a probability distribution. Random variables can be either discrete or continuous depending on whether their values are counted or measured. 2. Discrete random variables have a finite or countable number of possible values and are associated with a probability mass function. Continuous random variables can take on any value in a given interval and are associated with a probability density function. 3. Key properties of random variables include their mean, which represents the central value or expected outcome, and their variance, which represents how spread out the possible values are from the mean. These properties can be calculated using the probabilities associated with each value or range of values for a

Uploaded by

Kenya Levy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tenuary22,2021 week I

class 2
ClassReps
JordanAshman
AmicaGordon

Inferential Statistics Dr. Royal-Thomas


(STAT 2001)
Random Variable
❑A random variable takes numerical values that describe the
outcomes of some chance process (random phenomenon).
ExamplesTossing a coin
Youdon'tknow if you'llget a head or tail variousoutcomes
Youcanalsoassignprobabilities ornumericalvaluestoyouroutcomeThisopensthe
doorto statistics

Rolling a die
choosing a card
Types of Random Variables
A Discrete Random Variable has a finite or countable number of
possible values. Listable canbe written out Examples
Unsafne
ofpersonsintheclass
o ofpatientswithinahospital
Example: ofplantsin agarden
◦ Consider tossing a fair coin three times. ofpassesfor a course
ofrainydays in a month
Outcome
◦ X = the number of heads on the coin; S = {0, 1, 2, 3} ofmales at afootballmatch
ee Ofletters inthealphabet
Samplespace S ocountable
Histable oflecturers at UWI
finite
Graphical representation of the sample space of X:
rented
rep by a soliddot
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
0 1 2 3
Types of Random Variables
A Continuous Random Variable can take on any value in some given interval.
i.e. a continuous quantity is measured, not counted.
Examples
IRnumberline enotfinite
onotcountable Length of a movie insecondsminutes
Example: notlistable Heightsofstudents
Weights
Choose a movie at random and record its exact running time. Volume
Y = the exact running time HeartRate
S = (0 , ∞)
Graphical representation of the sample space of Y: NOTE:
The sample space is continuous so Y = the
exact running time of a randomly selected
( movie is a continuous random variable.
0
Types of Random Variables
To identify whether a random variable is
discrete or continuous, ask yourself if the values
are counted or measured.
Random variables

counted Measured

I 1
Discrete continuous
Probability Distribution of a Random
Variable

❑As the values or ranges of a random variable represents events, the


numerical values of a random variable, therefore, are associated
with specific probability or probability measures.
Once
youhavevalues or rangesthenumericaldata are associatedwithprobabilities
❑Probability measures may be assigned according to prescribed
rules that are called probability distributions or “probability law.”
of i 0Getting 10heads
Probability
Gettingstrikedout of acardgame
weightbeingover120lbs
Discrete Random Variables vs Continuous
Random Variables
Discrete
◦ Probability Mass
Function positive
sumsto 1

Continuous
◦ Probability positive
Density Function
Derivativeof Cdf
boundis
Integraloffeesfromlowertoupper 11

IfthecontinuousRandomvariableliesbetweentwo values
andupper
integrateusingthevalues as lower bounds
Discrete Random Variables vs Continuous
Random Variables
Discrete
◦ Cumulative
Distribution
theprobabilityofXbeinglessthanorequalto aparticularvalue x
Function

valuebetween 0andI nondecreasingfunction

Continuous
◦ Cumulative
Distribution integralfromlowerlimit
Function upto x ofthepdf
Integralofpdf
Mean i Centervalue
varianceSpread

Discrete Random Variables

Probability ofvalue X thevalueitself

Mean
Discrete Random Variables - Example
Weekly Air Conditioning
Units Ordered
Units ordered X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.05 0.15 0.27 0.33 0.13 0.07

Find E(X) and Var (X).


Whengiven a question
Understand What is happening
Whatisbeingsaid
What is being done
week
2 55 Acs are ordered on averageper
The number of ACS ordered perweek will varyfrom themeanbyapproximately
15275o

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