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    Pharmacy - Aegrotat Supplementary - Biochemistry Microbiology Immunology - PC 221 - Feb 2022

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    This document contains instructions and 11 questions for a supplementary/aegrotat examination in biochemistry, microbiology, and immunology at Rhodes University. Students are instructed to answer all questions in their exam booklet and include their student and seat number on each page. The exam consists of short answer and essay questions testing knowledge of topics like the lysogenic virus cycle, persister cells, SARS-CoV-2 structure, antigen-antibody reactions, bacterial production of therapeutic proteins, innate vs adaptive immunity, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance and treatment.

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    Pharmacy - Aegrotat Supplementary - Biochemistry Microbiology Immunology - PC 221 - Feb 2022

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    THE MASUVHELELE POST
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    This document contains instructions and 11 questions for a supplementary/aegrotat examination in biochemistry, microbiology, and immunology at Rhodes University. Students are instructed to answer all questions in their exam booklet and include their student and seat number on each page. The exam consists of short answer and essay questions testing knowledge of topics like the lysogenic virus cycle, persister cells, SARS-CoV-2 structure, antigen-antibody reactions, bacterial production of therapeutic proteins, innate vs adaptive immunity, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance and treatment.

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    202202_Pharmacy_Aegrotat Supplementary_Biochemistry Microbiology Immunology_PC 221_Feb 2022

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    This document contains instructions and 11 questions for a supplementary/aegrotat examination in biochemistry, microbiology, and immunology at Rhodes University. Students are instructed to answer all questions in their exam booklet and include their student and seat number on each page. The exam consists of short answer and essay questions testing knowledge of topics like the lysogenic virus cycle, persister cells, SARS-CoV-2 structure, antigen-antibody reactions, bacterial production of therapeutic proteins, innate vs adaptive immunity, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance and treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views4 pages

    Pharmacy - Aegrotat Supplementary - Biochemistry Microbiology Immunology - PC 221 - Feb 2022

    Uploaded by

    THE MASUVHELELE POST
    This document contains instructions and 11 questions for a supplementary/aegrotat examination in biochemistry, microbiology, and immunology at Rhodes University. Students are instructed to answer all questions in their exam booklet and include their student and seat number on each page. The exam consists of short answer and essay questions testing knowledge of topics like the lysogenic virus cycle, persister cells, SARS-CoV-2 structure, antigen-antibody reactions, bacterial production of therapeutic proteins, innate vs adaptive immunity, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance and treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Student Number: Seat Number:

    RHODES UNIVERSITY

    FACULTY OF PHARMACY

    SUPPLEMENTARY/AEGROTAT EXAMINATION: JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2022

    BIOCHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY - PC 221

    PAPER 2

    Examiner: Dr N. Mutingwende MARKS: 100


    DURATION: 3 HOURS
    Moderator: Professor R. Tandlich PASS: 50

    INSTRUCTIONS

    1) The use of an English concise dictionary is NOT allowed.

    2) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

    3) Please start each new full question on a separate page.

    4) Please do NOT use red ink anywhere on your script.

    5) Remember to FILL in the question numbers on the FRONT COVER of your answer
    book.

    6) ALL answers, including drawings, must be written in ink. Work written in pencil
    WILL NOT be marked.

    7) Write your student and seat number on Each page of the answer book.

    8) PLEASE HAND IN THE QUESTION PAPER.

    PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER THIS PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO


    SO.

    Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology – Paper 2 – Supp/Aeg – Jan/Feb 2022 Page 1 of 4


    QUESTION 1
    Describe the cycle of a lysogenic virus. Provide a short and theoretical justification for your
    answer.
    (8)

    QUESTION 2

    Environmental Health and Biotechnology Researchers (EHBR) at Rhodes University are


    studying dormant ‘persister’ cells produced by Salmonella bacteria. Bacteria form these cells
    when they are exposed to stresses such as antibiotics. By studying persister cells, EHB
    researchers hope to understand the link between these dormant cells and antibiotic resistance,
    as well as develop treatments that target persister cells directly. You are requested, in your
    capacity as a PC221 student, to advise the EHBR group of researchers before they embark on
    their research. Your discussion/advice leads should include but not limited to the following:
    Mode of action of persister cells, difference between persisters and resistance, how persistent
    infections lead to resistance, targeting persisters and persistent infection treatment. Begin
    your introduction with the following phrase

    Most antibiotics act only on….

    (8)

    QUESTION 3
    Describe the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virion and virocell. Provide a short and
    theoretical justification for your answer.
    (8)

    QUESTION 4
    What are the main structural differences between the virion and the ribovirocell? Provide a
    short and theoretical justification for your answer.
    (8)

    Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology - Paper 2- Supp/Aeg – Jan/Feb 2022 Page 2 of 4


    QUESTION 5
    What do you mean by epitope? Discuss the differences between affinity and avidity of an
    antigen antibody reaction.
    (8)

    QUESTION 6
    Human genes responsible for producing complex biological molecules such as hormones,
    enzymes and cytokines can be inserted into bacterial cells. These cells are easily grown to
    high cell densities in large volumes and the desired therapeutic materials produced on a large
    scale. Using a human-derived gene of interest; bacterial DNA as a plasmid vector and
    Escherichia coli as the host bacterium.
    Outline and discuss, step by step, how you would make use of the host bacterium machinery
    as a mechanism to produce the desired therapeutic materials from the gene of interest on a
    large scale. Include all the necessary enzymes involved and materials.
    (10)

    QUESTION 7
    Which is more primitive, innate immunity or adaptive immunity? Justify.
    (8)

    QUESTION 8

    Briefly discuss the antigen processing by MHC class I or class II pathway.

    (6)

    QUESTION 9

    Discuss how the body fights against a bacterial or viral infection. Think about all the probable
    mechanisms possible.

    (8)

    Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology - Paper 2- Supp/Aeg – Jan/Feb 2022 Page 3 of 4


    QUESTION 10

    A patient is undergoing the treatment of bacterial infections with an antibiotic drug. For a
    while, he was responding to treatment. However, after six months, the patient relapsed: the
    infection worsens even when the antibiotic's dosage increases. Based on what you have
    learned in class:

    (a) Suggest what has led to this possible mechanism that allowed the pathogens to become
    resistant to the drug. (8)

    (b) What would you propose as a new drug that would target these pathogens? Support
    your reasons. (6)

    QUESTION 11

    Apart from using micro-organisms as synthetic factories for medicines, recombinant DNA
    (rDNA) technology is used to produce pharmaceutically useful compounds of biological
    origin not produced naturally by microorganisms.

    (a) What is a recombinant protein? (3)


    (b) Briefly discus the steps involved in the synthesis of a recombinant protein such as insulin
    . (5)
    (c) A growth cycle of a bacteria cell involves the production of both the primary and
    secondary metabolites. What is the difference between primary and secondary
    metabolites? Give an example for each.
    (6)

    TOTAL MARKS: 100

    END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

    Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology - Paper 2- Supp/Aeg – Jan/Feb 2022 Page 4 of 4

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