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Assignment 2

This document discusses methods for controlling air pollution from gaseous emissions and particulate matter. It outlines several control techniques for each pollutant type, including absorption, adsorption, and combustion for gasses, and electrostatic precipitation, baghouse filters, and venturi chambers for particulate matter. The document recommends baghouse filters as the most effective method for particulate control, as it can remove almost 100% of particles. Adsorption is also highlighted as an effective approach for gaseous pollutant control, able to remove over 95% of emissions. In general, the document provides an overview of common air pollution control techniques and evaluates their removal effectiveness.

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MK Abir
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20 views

Assignment 2

This document discusses methods for controlling air pollution from gaseous emissions and particulate matter. It outlines several control techniques for each pollutant type, including absorption, adsorption, and combustion for gasses, and electrostatic precipitation, baghouse filters, and venturi chambers for particulate matter. The document recommends baghouse filters as the most effective method for particulate control, as it can remove almost 100% of particles. Adsorption is also highlighted as an effective approach for gaseous pollutant control, able to remove over 95% of emissions. In general, the document provides an overview of common air pollution control techniques and evaluates their removal effectiveness.

Uploaded by

MK Abir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

Env 206
Section: 01

MK ABIR

1720219
First, we have to know what is air pollution.
Air pollution can be defined as the presence of toxic chemicals or compounds in the air, at a
level at which there is a health risk. Air pollution means the presence of chemicals or compounds
in the air that are not commonly present and that reduce air quality or cause harmful changes in
the quality of life.
There are 2 types of air pollution.

1. Gaseous pollution
2. particulate matter
To control this kind of air pollution there has some solution. Now discuss about this solution and
select which on is best.

1. Gaseous pollution: Gaseous pollution is a harmful gas emitted into the air.
Now discus about some gaseous air pollution control methods.

o Absorption: In the context of air pollution control, exploitation involves transferring a


gas pollution from air to water-like communication. The liquid must be able to act as a
solvent for pollution or be able to capture it through chemical sale. The absorption of
liquid absorbent material through the air is removed by the gas flow. Absorption is
mainly suitable for removing SO2, SO3, H2S, F, Nitrogen Oxides. The absorbers can
either react or be inoperate with the pollution they remove. Some reactive absorbents are
regenerative and others are non-reproductive.

The suspended particulate control can be used for the exploitation of the wet scraber gas
mentioned above. Gas absorption can also be done in packed scrabber or tower, where
liquid air is present on a wet surface instead of suspended droplets. These devices
typically have 90-95 percent gas removal skills.

o Adsorption: In this process, the air-borne gas is passed through the absorber which is
hard to hold in the pours structure. Commonly used ads are active carbon, silica gel,
activated aluminum, lithium chloride, activated bauxite, etc. Active carbon organic
solvents seem to be the most suitable for the recovery of steam. Gas advertising, unlike
exploitation, is a surface phenomenon. Gas atoms are sorbed - attracted and held on a
hard surface. Gas advertising methods are used to control various types of chemical
production and food processing facilities, several unstable solvents and industrial
facilities to control the volatile organic compound.
A properly designed carbon-addiction unit can remove gas with a capacity of more than
95 percent.
o Combustion: Combustion processes such as burning or catalytic burning can be used for
the greatest benefit when gas or steam is organic in nature.

The combustion includes some recruitment tools.

• Fume and vapour incinerators


• After-burners
• Flares, either with steam injection or venturi flare.

o Flue gas desulfurization: The sulfur dioxide from the fossil-fuel power plant can be
controlled by an absorption process called flue gas desulfurization. Flue gas
desulfurization system may involve wet scrubbing or dry scrubbing. In the wet flue gas
desulfurization system, flu gas is brought into contact with an absorbent, which can be
either a liquid or solid substance. Sulphur dioxide is absorbed in the absorbent and is
trapped in it. In the dry flue gas desulfurization system, the absorber is dried powdered
lime or lime; Once the absorption occurs, the hard particles are removed through the
bughouse filter. Dry flue gas desulfurization systems, compared to wet systems, offer
cost and energy storage and easy operation, but they require higher chemical use and are
limited to low Sulphur gas obtained from coal burning. Flue gas desulfurization helps to
reduce environmental sulphur dioxide levels and reduce acid rain problems. Nevertheless,
millions of tons of flue gas desulfurization waste are produced every year, in addition to
its costs.
o Control technologies for nitrogen oxide: Nitrogen oxide control is primarily designed
to protect human health. Human health is believed to have a link to nitrogen oxide. In
addition to potential human health damage, nitrogen oxideis are the previous stopers of
ozone formation, which can harm human health and vegetation. Nitrogen oxide
contribute to the deposition, which damages the vegetation and the aquatic ecosystem.

At first need to modification of combustion processes and treatment of flue gas after the
boiler. For coal and gas burning normally use nitrogen oxide control. Using gas is more
suitable from coal using because 60% less pollution happened in using gas.
Adsorption is more effective in my point of view. More than 95% pollution can controlled by
Adsorption on the other hands Absorption can control 90 – 95% and others are not so high in
rate.
2. Particulate matter: Particulate matter is the sum of all the hard and liquid particles
suspended in the air, many of which are dangerous. This complex mixture contains both
organic and non-organic particles, such as dust, pollen, suit, smoke, and liquid droplets.
These particles vary widely in size, structure and origin.

Now discus about some PM air pollution control methods.


o Electrostatic Precipitation: Electrostatic precipitation is a commonly used method for
removing fine particulates from the air. In an electrostatic rain, suspended particles in the
air are charged an electrical charge when entering the unit and then removed by the effect
of an electric field. The rain unit formed confusion for the distribution of air, discharge
and collection electrodes, a dust cleaning system, and collection hoppers. A high voltage
of direct flow of 100,000 volts, applied to the discharging electrode to charge particles,
then attracted to the reverse charged collection electrode, on which they are stuck. An
electrostatic prespirator can remove more than 99% of the particulates. The effectiveness
of electrostatic rain in removing the ash from the burning gas of fossil-fuel furnaces is
calculated for their high frequency use at the power station.
o Baghouse filter: The most effective device for removing suspended particulates is a
gathering of fabric-filter bags, usually called a baghouse. A simple baghouse consists of a
row of tall, narrow bags - each about 25 cm in diameter - that are suspended in a large
encloser. The air filled with dust is blown up by the wings under the encloser.
Particulates filter is stuck in the bag, when the clean air goes through the cloth and leaves
the top of the baghouse. A fabric-filter dust collector can remove about 100% of the
particles. Fabric filters, however, offer relatively high resistance to the air, which lead to
significant energy use for fan systems. In addition, filter fabrics need to be used to
prolong the useful life, cleaning the air before going through the unit; This adds to the use
of cooling coil energy needed for this purpose.
o Venturi Chamber: Submicron particulates associated with smoke and smoke are
removed very effectively by highly efficient Venturi Scrubs. Venturi chamber has a
Venturi shaped throat section. The contaminated gas goes through the throat at a speed of
60 to 180 meters/second. A thick water flow is injected to the top of the throat where it is
atomized due to the high gas speed effect. The liquid drop is a collision with the
particulates of the contaminated gas flow. The particles are trained in droplets and are
later removed down.

About 97% to 99.5% air pollution by particulate matter can be controlled.


Baghouse filter can control almost 100% pollution. So, it is more effective than others.
Electrostatic precipitation is also control 99% and Venturi chamber can 97-99% control. They
are also so close but in my point Baghouse filter is best.

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