PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PONDICHERRY

B.Sc (STATISTICS)
(SEMESTER PATTERN)

Effective from 2009-2010 (Onwards)

 PREAMBLE
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
B.Sc DEGREE COURSE

REVISED REGULATION & SYLLABUS

(UG PROGRAMME IN STATISTICS)

The revised syllabus shall be effective from the academic year 2009-2010
onwards.
AIM OF THE COURSE:

The Degree of Bachelor of Science in Statistics aims to train the students both
in the theoretical development and in the real life applications of modern statistical
methodology. It will provide a platform for getting exposed to real life data and their
statistical analysis using modern statistical softwares. It is also aimed to train the
students to enable them to find an appropriate place in the modern Information
Technology oriented society.

ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION:

Candidates for admission to the first year of the B.Sc (Statistics) degree shall
be required to have passed the Higher Secondary course examination (+2) conducted
by the Government of Tamil Nadu with Mathematics or Statistics as one of the core
subjects or similar examinations conducted by any other Board recognized as
equivalent thereto by the Pondicherry University.

DURATION OF THE COURSE:

The duration of the B.Sc (Statistics) degree course shall be for three academic
years of six semesters.

AGE LIMIT:

The rules as applicable to other under graduate courses as prevailing in

Pondicherry University.

COURSE OF STUDY:
FOUNDATION COURSE

The course of study for the B.Sc (Statistics) degree shall comprise of
the following.
Part I - Language Tamil/French/Hindi
(Under B.Sc Pattern for four semesters I year and II year
only)

Any one of the Part I language under the option of the candidate for first year
and second year only.

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 Part II - English
(Under B.Sc Pattern for four semesters I year and II year
only)
The syllabus and text books for the above said language papers shall be
prescribed by the Pondicherry University from time to time.

Part III- Main subjects & Allied subjects (Theory and Practical)

EXAMINATION:
There shall be examinations at the end of each semester i.e. December/May.
A candidate who does not pass the examination in any subject(s) shall be permitted to
appear in such failed subject(s) in the subsequent semester examinations. No
candidate shall be permitted to register for a subsequent examination without having
registered at the first appearance. Rules and regulations prevailing in the University
in respect of other courses will be followed.
The results of all the examinations will be communicated to the candidates
through the Principals of the College.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION:
All the theory and practical examinations will be of three hours duration. The
maximum marks for each subject shall be 100. Passing minimum for theory and
practical examination should be 40. Practical examinations with maximum marks 50
shall have the passing minimum 20.

EVALUATION:
Theory examinations will be evaluated by the Pondicherry University.
Practical examination will be evaluated by a team of two examiners one an external
expert in the subject from another academic institution selected by the Pondicherry
University and the other an internal examiner from the college.

ATTENDANCE:
A candidate shall be permitted to appear for the examination in a subject of
study only if
1. He/She secures not less than 80% of attendance in the subject concerned.
2. He/She may be allowed to appear for the examination under condonation
category not below 60% of attendance.

CLASSIFICATION OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE:

1. Candidates who pass all the examinations in all the 3 years and secure an
aggregate of not less than 60% of the total marks in Part III of the University
examinations shall be declared to have passed the examination for the degree
in First Class.
2. Candidates who pass all the examinations in all the 3 years and secure an
aggregate of not less than 50% but less than 60% of the total marks in the
Part III of the University examinations shall be declared to have passed the
examination for the degree in Second Class.
3. All other successful candidates who secure not less than 40% but less than
50% of the total marks in Part III of the University examinations shall be
declared to have passed the examination for the degree in Third Class.

2
 4. For purpose of declaring a candidate to have qualified for the degree of
B.Sc(Statistics) in First Class/ Second Class / Third Class, marks obtained in
Part III alone will be the criteria, provided he/she has secured the prescribed
passing minimum in Part I and Part II.
5. There shall be no classification for Part I and Part II.

AWARD OF THE DEGREE:

The candidate should have undergone the prescribed course of study for a
period of not less than 3 years and passed the prescribed examinations in all the
papers / years.

REVISION OF REGULATIONS AND CURRICULUM:

The University may from time to time revise, amend and change the
Regulations and Curriculum, if found necessary.

B.Sc (STATISTICS) SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Subjects Lecture Exam Pass

Hrs./week Marks Min.

I Semester

1. Part I
TAMIL/HINDI/FRENCH -I 6 100 40
2. Part II
ENGLISH I 6 100 40
3. MAJOR PAPER I
BASIC STATISTICS 4 100 40
4. MAJOR PAPER II
PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION -I 6 100 40
5. ALLIED PAPER I
MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS I 6 100 40
6. MAJOR PRACTICAL I 2 50 20
(MS-WORD & MS-EXCEL BASIC STATISTICS)

II Semester

7. Part I
TAMIL/HINDI/FRENCH- II 6 100 40
8. Part II
ENGLISH II 6 100 40
9. MAJOR PAPER III
PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION -II 4 100 40
10. MAJOR PAPER IV
NUMERICAL METHODS 6 100 40
11. ALLIED PAPER II
MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS II 6 100 40
12. MAJOR PRACTICAL II 2 50 20
(BASIC STATISTICS &
PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION)

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 Subjects Lecture Exam Pass
Hrs. /week Marks Min.

III Semester

13. Part I
TAMIL/HINDI/FRENCH III 6 100 40
14. Part II
ENGLISH III 6 100 40
15. MAJOR PAPER V
STATISTICAL ESTIMATION THEORY 6 100 40
16. MAJOR PAPER VI
REAL ANALYSIS I 6 100 40
17. ALLIED PAPER III
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I 4 100 40
(PROGRAMMING IN C)
18. ALLIED PRACTICAL I 2 50 20
(PROGRAMMING IN C)

IV Semester

20. Part I
TAMIL/HINDI/FRENCH -IV 6 100 40
21. Part II
ENGLISH IV 6 100 40
22. MAJOR PAPER VII
TESTING OF HYPOTHESES 4 100 40
23. MAJOR PAPER VIII
REAL ANALYSIS - II 6 100 40
24. ALLIED PAPER IV
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING II 4 100 40
(OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
WITH C++)
25. MAJOR PRACTICAL III 2 100 40
(STATISTICAL ESTIMATION THEORY
& TESTING OF HYPOTHESES)
26. ALLIED PRACTICAL II 2 50 20
(OOPS WITH C++)

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 Subjects Lecture Exam Pass
Hrs./week Marks Min.
V Semester
27. MAJOR PAPER IX
SAMPLING METHODS 6 100 40
28. MAJOR PAPER X
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 6 100 40
29. MAJOR PAPER XI
REGRESSION ANALYSIS 4 100 40
30. MAJOR PAPER XII
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 6 100 40
31. MAJOR PAPER XIII
VISUAL BASIC 4 100 40
32. MAJOR PRACTICAL IV 2 100 40
(VISUAL BASIC)
33. MAJOR PRACTICAL V 2 50 20
(DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS,
SAMPLING METHODS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS)

VI Semester
34. MAJOR PAPER XIV
STATISTICAL QUALITY
MANAGEMENT 6 100 40
35. MAJOR PAPER XV
APPLIED STATISTICS 4 100 40
36. MAJOR PAPER XVI
OPERATIONS RESEARCH 6 100 40
37. MAJOR PAPER XVII
HEALTH STATISTICS AND
POPULATION DYNAMICS 6 100 40
38. MAJOR PAPER XVIII
ELECTIVE I 6 100 40
39. MAJOR PRACTICAL VI 2 50 20
(APPLIED STATISTICS, S.Q.M. &
HEALTH STATISTICS) ____________________
TOTAL 2700
Total Aggregate Marks = 2700

LIST OF ELECTIVES
1. ACTUARIAL STATISTICS
2. INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
3. APPLIED DECISION-MAKING
4. JAVA
5. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
6. BIOINFORMATICS
7. STATISTICAL GENETICS
8. PROJECT WORK

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 SEMESTER I
MAJOR PAPER I: BASIC STATISTICS
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Introduction to Statistics Primary and Secondary data Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio,
Interval scale (with examples) - Graphical Representation of data Bar-charts, Pie-
diagrams- classification of data,frequency histograms, polygon, Ogives

UNIT 2
Measures of central tendency different averages and their properties weighted
means graphical location of median, quartiles, deciles, percentiles, and mode
relation between arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean.

UNIT 3
Measures of dispersion and their properties Coefficient of dispersion Coefficient
of variation Moments Relation between moments about mean in terms of
moments about any point Pearson s and coefficients.

UNIT 4
Skewness and Kurtosis Pearson s coefficient of skewness Bowley s coefficient of
skewness coeff. of skewness based upon moments Curve fitting Principle of
least squares Fitting of Straight line, Second degree and exponential models.

UNIT 5
Simple correlation Karl Pearson s coefficient of correlation Rank correlation
Regression lines of regression properties of regression coefficients Multiple and
Partial correlation coefficients in three variables and their properties.

Books for Study:

1. Bhat B.R, Srivenkataramana T and Rao Madhava K.S.(1996): Statistics: A

Beginner s Text, Vol. I, New Age International (P) Ltd.
2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. I, World Press, Calcutta.
3. Spiegel M R (1989): Schaum s Outline of Theory and Problems in Statistics,
Schaum s Outline Series.

Books for Reference:

1. Croxton F.E, Cowden D.J and Kelin S (1973): Applied General Statistics,
Prentice Hall of India.
2. Snedecor G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1967): Statistical Methods, Iowa State
University Press.

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 SEMESTER I
MAJOR PAPER II: PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION - I
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Introduction to probability theory Random experiments, Events, Sample space,
Algebra of events, Operations on events Classical approach to probability
Axiomatic approach to probability Simple problems.

UNIT 2
Addition theorem - Conditional Probability Independence of events Multiplication
theorem Bayes theorem and its applications.

UNIT 3
Random variables Discrete and Continuous Random Variables Probability Mass
function and Probability Density function Distribution function - Properties
Mathematical Expectation of random variables and its properties.

UNIT 4
Moment generating function Cumulant generating function Characteristic function
Probability generating function Definition, their properties and applications
Simple problems.

UNIT 5
Bivariate distributions Discrete and Continuous type - Joint Density Function -
Marginal and conditional distributions Marginal and Conditional Expectation
Covariance, Correlation and Regression.

* Content and treatment should be as in the book by Hogg and Craig

Books for Study:

1. Hogg R. V. and Craig A. T. (1998); Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
4/e, Academic press.
2. Bhat B.R, Srivenkataramana T and Rao Madhava K.S.(1996): Statistics: A
Beginner s Text, Vol. II, New Age International(P) Ltd.
3. Mood A.M., Graybill F.A and Boes D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.

Books for Reference:

1. Meyer P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications,
Addision Wesley.
2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1980): An Outline of Statistical
Theory, Vol. I, 6th revised edition, World Press, Calcutta.
3. Rohatgi V.K. and Md. Ehsanes Saleh A.K.(2001): An Introduction to
Probability and Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley

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 SEMESTER I
ALLIED PAPER I: MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS --- I
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Logarithmic differentiation - Differentiation of one function with respect to another
function - Differentiation involving parametric equations - Differentiation of implicit
functions - Increasing and decreasing functions.

UNIT 2
Successive differentiation --- Leibnitz theorem --- Partial differentiation --- Maxima and
Minima of functions of two variables

UNIT 3
Integration - Properties of definite integrals - Reduction formula - Bernoulli's formula

UNIT 4
Double and Triple integrals - Evaluation in simple cases only - Use of Jacobian of
transformation

UNIT 5
Beta and Gamma Integrals: Definitions - recurrence formula for Gamma integral -
Properties of Beta integral - Relation between Beta and Gamma integrals.

Books for study

1. Narayanan S.V. and T. K. Manikavachagam Pillai(1996): Calculus (Vol. I & II),

S. V. Publications.
2. Shanti Narayanan:Differential and Integral Calculus, Chand and Co.

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 SEMESTER I
MAJOR PRACTICAL I
(MS-WORD & MS-EXCEL BASIC STATISTICS)
(2 hours per week)

MS-WORD
1. Text Manipulations and Text Formatting
2. Usage of Header, Footer, Bulleting and Numbering
3. Usage of Spell Check, Find and replace
4. Picture insertion and alignment
5. Creation of documents using templates
6. Mail Merge

MS-EXCEL
7. Cell Editing and Formatting
8. Usage of Formulae and Built-in functions
9. Data Sorting
10. Data Filter, Validation, Subtotals
11. Graph
12. Usage of Auto Formatting
13. Classification, Tabulation and Frequency Tables
14. Bar Chart, Pie Diagram and Histogram
15. Box Plots
16. Summary Statistics

Six questions to be set. Candidates may be required to answer four

questions.
Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

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 SEMESTER II
MAJOR PAPER III: PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION - II
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Discrete Distributions Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial, Geometric,
Hyper geometric, Discrete Uniform distributions Properties - Moments Moment
Generating Function Cumulants Characteristic function - Recurrence relations-
probability generating functions.

Unit 2
Continuous distribution - Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, Cauchy, Laplace
Distributions - Properties of the distribution - Moment generating function -
Characteristic function Cumulants.

Unit 3
Normal, Lognormal distributions - Bivariate Normal distribution - Properties of the
distribution - Moment generating function - Characteristic function Cumulants
Order statistics and their distributions - Distribution function of rth order statistic,
range, mid-range Simple problems.

Unit 4
Sampling Distributions - Chi-square distribution Properties - Distribution of sample
mean and variance for normal distribution - Student s t distribution Snedecor s F
distribution - Derivation of t, F and chi-square distributions - Relation among t, F and
2
distributions.

Unit 5
Limit Laws Chebyshev s inequality - Convergence in probability and in
distribution Weak law of Large Numbers - Convergence in distributions - Central
limit theorem DeMoivre - Laplace Theorem Lindeberg-Levy theorem.

Books for Study:

1. Hogg R.V. and Craig A.T.(1998): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th
edition, Collier Macmillan Press.
2. Bhat B.R, Srivenkataramana T and Rao Madhava K.S.(1996): Statistics: A
Beginner s Text, Vol. II, New Age International(P) Ltd.
3. Mood A.M., Graybill F.A and Boes D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.

Books for Reference:

1. Meyer P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications,
Addision Wesley.
2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1980): An Outline of Statistical
Theory, Vol. I, 6th revised edition, World Press, Calcutta.
3. Rohatgi V.K. and Md. Ehsanes Saleh A.K.(2001): An Introduction to
Probability and Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley.

10
 SEMESTER II
MAJOR PAPER IV: NUMERICAL METHODS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Bisection method --- Regula
Falsi method --- Iteration method - Newton Raphson method --- Horner s Method
Simultaneous equations: Direct methods: Gauss Elimination method --- Gauss-Jordan
method --- Iterative methods: Gauss-Jacobi method - Gauss Siedal iterative method.

UNIT 2
Finite differences: Forward and backward differences --- Differences of a polynomial ---
Relation between the Operators E, , , and backward difference operator and their
basic properties --- Application to summation of series.

UNIT 3
Interpolation with equal intervals: Newton s forward and backward difference
formulae. Central differences: Gauss s forward and backward difference formulae ---
Stirling s, Bessel s and Laplace- Everett s formula --- Simple problems only.

UNIT 4
Interpolation with unequal intervals: Divided differences and their properties ---
Newton s divided difference formula --- Lagrange s formula --- simple problems-
Inverse interpolation: Iteration or successive approximation method --- Lagrange s
method ------ simple problems.

UNIT 5
Numerical Differentiation: Numerical Derivatives upto 2nd order only --- simple
problems. Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal rule --- Simpson s 1/3 and 3/8 rules ---
Weddle s rule --- Euler s summation formula

Books for Study:

1. S.S.Sastry(1998) : Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Prentice-Hall
of India.
2. B. S. Grewal( 1997): Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science, Khanna
Publishers, India
3. M. K. Venkatraman: Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science,
National Publishing company, India

Books for Reference:

1. Scarborough B: Numerical Mathematical Analysis, OUP.

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 SEMESTER II
ALLIED PAPER II: MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS - II
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Matrices: Elementary, scalar, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, symmetric, skew-
symmetric, unitary, triangular, equivalent and similar matrices --- Transpose and
conjugate of a matrix - Rank of a matrix Determination of rank through elementary
transformations.

UNIT 2
System of Linear Equations: Consistency different types of solutions Inverse of a
matrix. Characteristics equation Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors - Cayley-
Hamilton theorem Quadratic forms.

UNIT 3
Laplace Transform: Introduction - definition - properties - Laplace transforms of
standard functions - derivatives and integrals of transforms - transform of derivatives
and integrals.

UNIT 4
Fourier Series: Euler's formula - Dirichlet's conditions - convergence - (statement
only) - change of interval - odd and even functions - half range series - Parseval's
formula - complex form of Fourier series

UNIT 5
Fourier Transform: The infinite Fourier transform - sine and cosine transforms -
properties - inversion theorem - finite Fourier transform - convolution theorem -
Parseval's identity - Transform of derivatives.

Books For Study:

1. T.K. Manikavachagam Pillay(1996): Algebra, Vol. II, S.V. Publications.
2. M. K. Venkataraman: Engineering Mathematics III A & III B, National
Publishing Company.

Books for Reference:

1. Ian Sneddon: Transform techniques, McGraw Hill Publications.
2. Widder: Integral Transforms

12
 SEMESTER II
MAJOR PRACTICAL II
(BASIC STATISTICS & PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION)
(2 hours per week)

Working with Statistical Software Packages: SPSS or SYSTAT

1. Diagrammatic Representation Bar Chart, Pie Diagram

2. Construction of Discrete and Continuous Frequency Tables from raw data
3. Graphical Representation - Histogram
4. Summary Statistics
5. Two way tables and plots
6. Simple correlation, Rank correlation
7. Partial and multiple correlation
8. Fitting of straight line, second degree and exponential curves
9. Simple Regression, multiple linear regression with two independent variables.
10. Fitting of Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions

Six questions to be set. Candidates may be required to answer four

questions.
Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

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 SEMESTER III
MAJOR PAPER V: STATISTICAL ESTIMATION THEORY
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Point estimation Properties of estimators Unbiasedness Asymptotically
Unbiased Estimator Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE)
Uniqueness of MVUE Concept of efficiency- Cramer-Rao inequality and its uses
Simple problems.

Unit 2
Consistent estimators Properties of consistent estimators Sufficient condition for
consistency - Concept of Sufficient statistics with illustration - Sufficient Statistic and
optimal estimators Factorization theorem Rao-Blackwell theorem - Simple
problems.

Unit 3
Methods of estimation Method of Maximum Likelihood Properties of Maximum
Likelihood Estimators (without proof) Method of moments Method of Minimum
Variance Method of Least Squares Method of Minimum Chi-square - Simple
problems.

Unit 4
Interval Estimation - Concepts of Confidence Interval and Confidence Coefficient -
Confidence Intervals for the parameters of univariate and bivariate normal and
exponential distribution Large sample confidence intervals for proportions, means ,
variances and correlation coefficients.

Unit 5
Basic idea on decision theory Loss function Risk functions Prior distributions
Bayes Risk Minimax principle and decision function - Simple problems. (treatment
as in Rohatgi V.K.)

Books For Study:

1. Hogg R.V. and Craig A.T.(1998): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th
edition, Collier Macmillan Press.
2. Mood A.M., Graybill F.A and Boes D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.
3. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1980): An Outline of Statistical
Theory, Vol. 2, 6th revised edition, World Press, Calcutta.
4. Hogg R.V. and Tanis E.A. (2001): Probability and Statistical Inference,
Pearson Education Asia.

Books for Reference:

1. Rohatgi V.K. and Md. Ehsanes Saleh A.K.(2001): An Introduction to
Probability and Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley Publication.
2. Freund J.E. (2000): Mathematical Statistics, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Rao C.R. (1973): Linear Statistical Inference and Its Application, Revised
Edition, Wiley Eastern.

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 SEMESTER III
MAJOR PAPER VI: REAL ANALYSIS I
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Sets : Sets - elements - Operations on set. Functions : Real valued functions
equivalence - Countability - Real numbers - Upper and Lower bounds- Supremum
and Infimum.

UNIT 2
Sequence of real numbers : Limit of a sequence - Convergent sequences, Divergent
sequences - Bounded sequences - Monotone sequences Cauchy s first and second
theorem on limits Cauchy s general principle of convergence

UNIT 3
Series of real numbers : Convergence and divergence - series with non-negative
terms comparison test D Alembert s ratio test, Cauchy s Root test - Alternating
series - Conditional convergence and absolute convergence Leibnitz test.

UNIT 4
Functions: Limit of real valued functions in one variable, continuity types of
discontinuities algebra of continuous functions Extreme value theorem
Intermediate value theorem Uniformly Continuous functions

UNIT 5
Differentiability of Functions Rolle s theorem Mean value theorem for derivatives
Taylor s Series expansion application to maxima and minima

Books for Study:

1. D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary (2002) : A first course in Mathematical

Analysis, Narosa Publishing house
2. R. R. Goldberg (1970) : Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford & IBH.
3. W. Rudin(1976): Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3/e, McGraw Hill
Company.

Books for Reference :

1. T. M. Apostol(1985): Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House.

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 SEMESTER III
ALLIED PAPER III: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I
(PROGRAMMING IN C)
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Introduction Variable names Data types and sizes Constants Arithmetic
operators Relational and logical operators Increment and Decrement operators
Assignment operators and expressions Relational and logical expressions
conditional expressions if and switch statements Unconditional branching goto
statement Input/Output operations: getchar( ), getc( ), putc( ), putchar( ), scanf( ),
printf( )

UNIT 2
Control loops: for, while and do while loops continue and break statements.
Concept of functions: function declaration and arguments scope of variable
storage classes external, static, automatic and register types.

UNIT 3
Arrays : declaration of one and two dimensional arrays Subscripts pointers
pointers and arrays address arithmetic structures structures and functions
arrays of structures pointers to structures union type def

UNIT 4
File access Error handling concept of data structure list linked list stack and
queues operations on linked list

UNIT 5
Writing programs in C to the following statistical problems: Calculation of arithmetic
mean, standard deviation, mean deviation, moments, skewness and kurtosis,
correlation coefficient and regression coefficient Fitting of a straight line -
Numerical integration - Finding roots of algebraic & transcendental equations:
Bisection method, Method of False position, Newton-Raphson method -
Interpolation: Lagrange's interpolation formula, inverse interpolation - Matrix
manipulation: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, inversion, transpose, determinant.

Books For Study :

1. B. S. Gottfried(1998): Programming in C, Schaum s Outline series.
2. Kernighan and D. Ritchie(1988): The C programming Language, Prentice Hall
of India.
3. Yeshwant Singh Kanitkar(1993): Exploring C, BPB Publications.

Books for Reference:

1. E. Balagurusamy: Programming in ANSI C, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Schildt Herbert: C Made Easy, McGraw Hill.

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 SEMESTER III
ALLIED PRACTICAL I
(Programming in C)
(2 hours per week)

1. Program to calculate factorial.

2. Program to find sum of N natural numbers.
3. Program to reverse a number.
4. Program for string manipulations.
5. Program to find maximum and minimum in a given list.
6. Program to search for a given number in a list.
7. Program to sort a given list (Ascending and Descending order).
8. Program to read a line of text into a file and display the same.
9. Program to find roots of a quadratic equation.
10. Program to calculate arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
11. Program to calculate mean deviation about mean.
12. Program to calculate moments.
13. Program to calculate skewness and kurtosis.
14. Program to calculate correlation coefficient and regression coefficient.
15. Program for matrix addition, subtraction and multiplication.
16. Program to find transpose of a matrix.
17. Program to find determinant and inverse of a matrix.
18. Program to find roots of algebraic and transcendental equations using
Bisection method, Regula Falsi method and Newton Raphson method.
19. Program for Lagrange s interpolation formula.
20. Program for Simpson s 1/3 and 3/8 rules and Weddle s rule.

Two questions to be asked with internal choice.

Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

17
 SEMESTER IV
MAJOR PAPER VII: TESTING OF HYPOTHESES
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Statistical Hypothesis Simple and composite hypothesis, Null and Alternative
Hypothesis Two types of errors Critical region p-value Power of a test Most
powerful test Neyman Pearson Lemma Simple problems.

UNIT 2
Uniformly most powerful tests definition and simple applications Likelihood
Ratio tests Definition and LR tests for means and variance (one and two sample
problem only).

UNIT 3
Test of significance: Exact and Asymptotic tests based on Normal, Student s t, Chi-
square and F-distribution for testing the means, proportions, variances and correlation
coefficient Chi-square test.

UNIT 4
Sequential tests Need for sequential tests Wald s SPRT with illustrations
Approximate OC and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters of binomial and
normal distributions.

UNIT 5
Non-parametric methods: Sign test Wilcoxon Signed rank test- Mann Whitney U
test - Median test - Run test Chi-square goodness of fit test - Kolmogrov-Smirnov
test Kruskal Wallis test.

Books For Study:

1. Mood A M, Graybill F A and Boes D C(1974): Introduction to Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York
2. Hogg R V and Craig A T(1998): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York.
3. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1980): An Outline of Statistical
Theory, Vol. 2, 6th revised edition, World Press, Calcutta.
4. Hogg R.V. and Tanis E.A.(2001) : Probability and Statistical Inference,
Pearson Education Asia.

Books for Reference:

1. Rohatgi V.K. and Md. Ehsanes Saleh A.K.(2001): An Introduction to
Probability and Statistics, Second Edition, John Wiley Publication.
2. Freund J.E. (2000): Mathematical Statistics, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Mukhopadhayay, P.(2006); Mathematical Statistics, Books and Allies(P) ltd,
Kolkata

18
 SEMESTER IV
MAJOR PAPER VIII: REAL ANALYSIS II
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Riemann Integration : Definition of the Riemann Integral Existence of the Riemann
Integral Properties of the Riemann Integral - Fundamental theorems of Calculus -
Mean Value Theorems.

UNIT 2
Improper Integrals their convergence and evaluation, convergence of Beta and
Gamma integrals

UNIT 3
Sequences of Functions : Pointwise convergence of Sequences of functions Uniform
convergence of Sequences of functions Consequences of Uniform Convergence
Properties without proof.

UNIT 4
Series of Functions: Convergence and uniform convergence of series of functions
Weisstrass test - Integration and differentiation of series of Functions Abel
Summability.(without proof) - Application

UNIT 5
Metric Space definitions and examples, continuous functions on metric spaces
Open sets, closed sets and closure properties.

Books for Study:

1. D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary (2002) : A first course in Mathematical

Analysis, Narosa Publishing house
2. R. R. Goldberg ( 1970) : Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford & IBH.

Books for Reference :

1. T. M. Apostol(1985) : Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House

2. W. Rudin(1976): Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3/e, McGraw Hill

Company.

19
 SEMESTER IV
ALLIED PAPER IV: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING II
(OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++)
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Object oriented programming- basic concepts-application of OOPs - Tokens,
Keywords and control statements: Identifiers- data types - basic, user-defined and
derived data types- symbolic constants -variable declaration operators in C++, Scope
resolution operator - manipulations - cost operators - operator over loading and
precedence - control structures.

UNIT 2
Functions : Main - prototyping - call by reference - return - in line functions -
default and constant arguments - over - loading functions - friend and virtual
function.

UNIT 3
Classes and Objects: Class specification - member function - nesting and private
member functions - array of objects - returning objects - constant member functions -
Constructors and Destructors : Parameterised - multiple constructors - default
arguments - copy and dynamic constructors destructors - Operator overloading and
type conversion : Overloading unary and binary operators - friends - rules for
overloading operators - type conversion.

UNIT 4
Inheritance: Defining derived classes - single inheritance - multilevel and multiple
inheritance - hierarchical and hybrid inheritance - abstract classes - constructors in
derived classes - Pointers : Pointers to objects - this pointer - pointers to derived class
es - virtual functions and polymorphism.

UNIT 5
Input/Output operators: console I/O -streams - stream classes - unformatted and
formatted I/O - Files : Classes for files - opening and closing files - file modes -
sequential I/O - updating files - random access - command-line arguments.
Object-Oriented system development : Procedure oriented paradigms - development
tools - object oriented paradigm - steps in object oriented analysis and design.

Books for Study

1. E. Balaguruswamy (1998): Object Oriented Programming with C++, Tata
McGraw- Hill, New Delhi.
2. Robert Lafore(1994): Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++, Galgotia
Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Books for Reference

4. R. Venugopal( ): Mastering C++, Tata Mcgraw_Hill.
5. John Huddard (1996) Programming with C++, Schaum's Series, McGraw-Hill.

20
 SEMESTER IV
MAJOR PRACTICAL III
(STATISTICAL ESTIMATION THEORY & TESTING OF HYPOTHESES)
(2 hours per week)

Working with Statistical Software Packages: SPSS or SYSTAT and Scientific

Calculators

1. Estimation of the parameters of the discrete and continuous distribution by the

method of moments and method of maximum likelihood.

2. Confidence Intervals for the parameters of Normal distribution.

3. Computation of error probabilities Power curves

4. Large Sample Tests: Means, Variances and Proportions

5. Test based on Chi-square statistic: Population variance, Homogeneity of

correlation coefficient, Bartlett s test, and goodness of fit tests.

6. Test based on t statistic: Single men, Difference of means, Paired t test,

Correlation coefficient, Regression coefficient.

7. Test based on F statistic: Equality of two population variances

8. Non-parametric tests Sign test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test,

Median test, Run test, Kolmogorov Smirnov one sample test, Kruskal Wallis
test.

Six questions to be set. Candidates may be required to answer four

questions.
Max. Marks: 100 Practical Marks: 80 Record Marks: 20
Duration of exam 3 hours

21
 SEMESTER IV
ALLIED PRACTICAL II
(OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING with C++)
(2 hours per week)

1. Program to find the total and average of given subject marks.

2. Program to display the electric bill of n customers.
3. Program to reverse a number.
4. Program for string manipulations.
5. Program to search for a given number in a list.
6. Program to sort a given list (Ascending and Descending order).
7. Program to find the median.
8. Program to calculate arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
9. Program to calculate moments, skewness and kurtosis.
10. Program to calculate correlation coefficient and regression coefficient.
11. Program for matrix addition, subtraction and multiplication.
12. Program to display student detail using class.
13. Program to display bank account detail using class.
14. Program to display shopping detail using class.
15. Program to fit Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution.
16. Program to show the virtual function using pointers.
17. Program to display employee detail using file.

Two questions to be asked with internal choice.

Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

22
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PAPER IX: SAMPLING METHODS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Basic concept of Sample Surveys: Census and Sample Surveys- Advantages and
Disadvantages - Principal steps in a sample survey Probability and Non-probability
sampling - Sampling and Non-sampling errors.

Unit 2
Simple random sampling Properties of the estimates and their variances Finite
population correction Estimation of the standard error from a sample Confidence
limits Simple random sampling with replacement.

Unit 3
Sampling for proportions Variances of the sample estimates - Estimation of sample
size Sample size with more than one item.

Unit 4
Stratified random sampling Properties of the estimates and their variances -
Optimum allocation Proportional allocation Advantages and disadvantages
Variance of the sample estimates Relative precision of stratified random and simple
random sampling.

Unit 5
Systematic sampling Definition - Variances of the estimated mean Populations
with linear trend Single stage Cluster sampling with clusters of equal sizes.

Books for study:

1. W.G.Cochran(1999), Sampling Techniques, 3rd Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
2. Daroga Singh and F.S.Choudhary(1986), Theory and analysis of Sample
Survey Designs, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K.Kapoor(2001), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons.

Books for Reference:

1. Pandurang.V.Sukhatme and Balkrishna.V.Sukhatme(1970): Sampling Theory
of Survey with application, Asia Publication House.
2. Parimal Mukhopadhyay: Theory of Sample Surveys, Prentice Hall of India.

23
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PAPER X: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Analysis of variance One way classification Two way classification Two way
classification with m observations per cell Statistical analysis of the models.

Unit 2
Terminology in experimental designs principles of experimentation completely
randomized design randomized block design Latin square design their models,
least square estimates of the parameters and analysis Statistical analysis of
experiments Missing plot technique in the case of one or two missing observations.

Unit 3
Factorial experiments 22 , 23 and 32 experiments only , Split plot experiments.

Unit 4
Confounding in 23 factorial experiments - Total and partial confounding-multiple
comparison tests-LSD and DMRT

Unit 5
Analysis of covariance one-way layout with one concomitant variable RBD with
one concomitant variable

Books for study:

1. Das.M.N and Giri.N.C(1986): Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley
Eastern Limited.
2. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor(2001): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons.
3. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. II, World Press, Calcutta.

Books for Reference:

1. W.T.Federer(1967): Experimental Design, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
2. Oscar Kempthrone: Design and Analysis of Experiment, Wiley Eastern
Private Limited.
3. Montgomery D.C.(1991): Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley.

24
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PAPER XI: REGRESSION ANALYSIS
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT-1
Simple Regression model: Description of data model Estimation and test of
hypotheses Index of fit Predicted values and standard errors Evaluation of fit
Analysis of residuals.

UNIT-2
Simple Regression model: Effect of outliers in simple linear regression Model
adequacy and residual plots Deletion of data points Transformation of variables
transformation to stabilize variance Removal of hetroscedasticity Principle of
weighted least squares.

UNIT-3
Multiple regression model: Description of data model Properties of least square
estimators Predicted values and standard errors Multiple correlation coefficient -
Selection of variables Forward selection procedure Backward elimination
procedure Stepwise method (algorithms only).

UNIT 4
Test of hypothesis on the linear model Assumption about the explanatory variable
Testing a subset of regression coefficients equal to zero Testing of equality of
regression coefficients.

Unit 5
Multicollinearity and its effects on inference and forecasting Detection of
multicollinearity Searching of linear functions of regression coefficients Method
of overcoming multicolinearity problem, Ridge method.

Books for study:

1. S.Chatterjee and B.Price (1977): Regression Analysis by Example, John Wiley &
Sons, New York. Chapter 1,2,3 and relevant portions in chapters 4,5,6,7,8,9
2. N.R.Draper & H.Smith (1981), Applied Regression Analysis, Second Edition.

Books for Reference:

1. Johnston J.(1984): Econometric Methods.

25
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PAPER XII: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Definition of Stochastic Processes Classification of Stochastic processes according
to time parameter and state space examples of stochastic processes definition of
stationary process stationary process with independent increments.

Unit 2
Markov Chain definition examples transition probability matrix Chapman-
Kolmogrov equations Random walk.

Unit 3
Classification of states of Markov chain Stationary and limit distribution for a
Markov Chain Existence of the limiting distribution

Unit 4
Poisson Process Simple properties its connection to exponential distribution
Birth death process (Concept only) Simple problems

Unit 5
Simple queuing models M/M/1, M/M/S under stationary conditions Simple
problems

Books for study:

1. Medhi.J. (1982): Stochastic Processes, New Age International (P) Ltd.
2. Srinivasan.S.K. and Mehta.K.M. (1976): Stochastic Processes, Tata McGraw
Hill Pub Comp Ltd.
3. Ross S.M. (1983): Stochastic Processes, John Wiley.

Books for Reference:

1. Karlin S. and Taylor H.M. (1975): A first course in Stochastic Processes,
Academic Press.
2. Cinlar E. (1975): Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Prentice Hall.

26
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PAPER XIII: VISUAL BASIC
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Introduction to object oriented programming - GUI - Client-Server computing - Form,
ToolBox, Project and Property windows - Forms and Controls - Creating forms and
using controls - setting properties of controls - List and combo boxes - Additem,
RemoveItem and Clear methods - ListIndex and ListCount properties - Columns
and Multiselect properties - TabOrder, TabIndex and TabStop properties -
Predefined Dialog boxes - InputBox, MsgBox statement and MsgBox function .

UNIT 2
Programming - Structure of Visual Basic application - Events and event-driven
procedures - Event-driven versus Traditional programming - Coding procedures in
events - data types - Constants, variables and their scope - expressions and
assignment - If and Select case structures - Do and For loops - Exit statement -
DateTime, Empty and Null values - Passing arguments by value and reference -
Arrays - dynamic arrays - user defined data types - Symbolic constants

UNIT 3
Objects and instances - object variables and their declaration - Scope and lifetime -
Generic and specific types - control object types - New and Me keywords - objects
assignment - Determining TypeOf objects - multiple instances of objects. Mouse
events - MouseUp, MouseDown and MouseMove methods Drag and Drop -
DragOver, DragIcon and DragMode - concepts of Grid control

UNIT 4
Displaying and Printing - Font properties and settings - TAB and FORMAT$ - Print
method - TextHeight and TextWidth methods - CurrentX and CurrentY properties -
PrintForm method - Key board events - KeyDown, KeyPress and KeyUp events and
the associated methods - File systems - Drive ListBox, Directory ListBox - ChDir
statement - Path - Multiselect property - Random, Sequential and Binary access
and associated functions and statements

UNIT 5
Data control and database - Table definition and Fields - Database related properties
to be set Connect property - Bound controls - Record Source - DynaSet and
SnapShot - record manipulation with code - Adding, deleting and editing records -
Updating - UpdateRecord and UpdateControls - controlling transactions - Database
objects and properties - accessing Recordset objects - MoveFirst, MoveLast,
MovePrevious and MoveNext methods - Begin, Commit and Rollback transactions -
accessing FoxBase files - MDI applications - creating MDI forms and Child forms -
Menu and Tollbar

Books for Study:

1. Warner, Teach yourself Visual Basic 6, Tata McGraw hill
2. Bradley, Programming in Visual Basic 6.0, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Jerke, Visual Basic 6: The complete Reference, Tata McGraw Hill.

27
 SEMESTER V
MAJOR PRACTICAL- IV
(VISUAL BASIC)
(2 hours per week)

1. Create an application that does the following when a text is entered

(a) Choose an option from each combo box for Font, Style and Size
(b) Select Effect as Underline or Strikethrough
(c) While performing (a) and (b) the user should be able to see the
preview as a label.
(d) Add two command buttons OK and EXIT
2. Design the form like a small calculator that accepts two numbers and does the
following
(a) Addition (b) Subtraction (c) Multiplication (d) Division
The result of operation should be displayed as label. ADD and EXIT button to
terminate the execution.
3. Design an application that will allow you to draw on the screen when the left
mouse button is pressed.
4. Create a form with following student details
(i) Register Number (ii) Name (iii) Sex (iv) Department (v) Class (vi)
Date of birth (vii) Create a listbox to add the items entered in the list (viii)
Create a text box to show no. of students entered in the list box. Do the
following operations in the form
(a) Add data to the list.
(b) Remove data from the list
(c) Clear form
(d) Clear list
(e) EXIT
5. Create a form with an image control and two command buttons, one to enlarge
the image and other to shrink. Add another command button to EXIT.
6. Create a form that enables to scroll a line of text. Add command buttons to
START, STOP and EXIT.
7. Create a form that includes shapes and add command buttons
3 Circle (b) Ellipse (c) Rectangle (d) Square (e) Colour
(to fill the chosen shape)
8. Create a form that uses animation to bounce a ball. Add command buttons
START, STOP and EXIT.
9. Create a menu Edit with the commands cut, copy and paste. Add a text box
that allows you to enter text and do the above mentioned operations.
10. Create a table in Access with the following fields
a. Employee ID (b) Employee Name (c) Designation
(d) Salary
Retrieve this table using datacontrol and do the following operations
(a) Add (b) Delete (c) Update (d) Close

Two questions to be asked with internal choice.

Max. Marks: 100 Practical Marks: 80 Record Marks: 20
Duration of exam 3 hours

28
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PRACTICAL V
(DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS & SAMPLING METHODS)
(2 hours per week)

Working with Statistical Software Packages: SPSS or SYSTAT and Scientific

Calculators

1. One way classification and Two way classification

2. Two way classification with m observations per cell

3. Completely Randomised Design

4. Randomised Block Design and R.B.D. with one or two missing values

5. Latin Square Design and L.S.D. with one or two missing values

6. 22 Design, 23 Design and 32 Design

7. Total and Partial Confounding in 23 experiments

8. Split Plot design

9. Simple Linear Regression

10. Multiple Regression

11. Simple random sampling

12. Stratified random sampling Proportional allocation

13. Stratified random sampling Optimum allocation

14. Systematic sampling

15. Single stage cluster sampling

Six questions to be set. Candidates may be required to answer four

questions.
Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

29
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PAPER XIV: STATISTICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Concept of Quality Quality movement in India Standardization for Quality
Quality management Quality circles Total Quality Management ISO 9001.

Unit 2
Need for SQC in industries process control chance and assignable causes of
variations concepts of specification and tolerance limits process capability
statistical basis for control charts control chart for variables X bar and R chart -
their construction and analysis.

Unit 3
Control charts for attributes p, np, c and U charts their construction and analysis.

Unit 4
Product control fundamental concepts of acceptance sampling by attributes
producer s and consumer s risk concepts of AQL, LTPD, AQL and AOQL Single
sampling plan OC, AOQ, ASN, ATI curves.

Unit 5
Double sampling plan for attributes OC, AOQ, ASN, ATI curves Dodge and
Romig tables Sequential sampling plan for attributes.

Books for Study:

1. Montgomery.D.C. (1991), Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 2nd
Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
2. S.C.Gupta and V.K.Kapoor(1999), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons.

Books for Reference:

1. Grant.E.L. and Leavenworth.R.S. (1980), Statistical Quality Control, McGraw
Hill.
2. Duncan A.J.(1974): Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, 4th Ed.,
Taraporewala & Sons.

30
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PAPER XV: APPLIED STATISTICS
(4 hours per week 3 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT 1
Concept of time series, components of a time series Additive and Multiplicative
models Resolving the components of a time series Evaluation of trend by least
square method Methods of moving averages.

UNIT 2
Seasonal indices Simple average, Ratio to moving average Ratio to trend, link
relative method Cyclical fluctuations residual method only Variate
difference method

UNIT 3
Basic index numbers and their definitions Main steps in the construction of
index numbers and its uses Fixed and Chain base index numbers - Laspeyre s,
Paasche s, Fisher s, Marshall Edgeworth index numbers - Optimum tests for
index numbers - Cost of living index number Construction and uses of
wholesale price index

UNIT 4
Demand Analysis Theory and analysis of consumer s demand Law of demand,
Price elasticity of demand estimation of demand curves forms of demand
functions - Demand and Supply utility and indifference maps determination of
price and supply and demand

UNIT 5
Present official statistical system in India Methods of collection of official
statistics their reliability and limitations Principal publications containing data
on topics such as population, agriculture, industry, trade, prices, labour and
employment, transport and communications, banking and finance Various
official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions

Books for Study:

2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. II, World Press, Calcutta.
3. Kapoor V.K. and Gupta S.C. (1978): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics,
Sultan Chand ans Sons.
4. Saluja M.R. (1972): Indian official Statistical Systems, Statistical Publishing
Society, Calcutta and The Indian Econometric Society, Hyderabad.
Books for Reference :
1. Croxton F.E, Cowden D.J and Kelin S (1973): Applied General Statistics,
Prentice Hall of India.
2. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics. Central Statistical Organization,
Govt. of India
3. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency Pvt.
Ltd., Calcutta.

31
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PAPER XVI: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Introduction to Operations Research Principal Components of a Decision problem
Phases of Operations Research study.

Unit 2
Linear Programming Graphical Solution Simplex method including artificial
variable technique Duality problems.

Unit 3
Transportation and Assignment models Sequencing models

Unit 4
Game Theory Optimal Solution of two person zero sum games Mixed strategies
Graphical solution of (2 x n) games Solution of (m x n) games by linear
programming Dominance property.

Unit 5
PERT and CPM - network diagrams - determination of the floats and critical path -
probability considerations in project scheduling.

Books for study:

1. Hamdy.A.Taha(1999): Operations Research, 6th Edition, Macmillan
Publishing Co. Inc.
2. Kanti Swarup et al.: Opertaions Research, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
3. Goel and Mittal (1982): Operations Research, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.

Books for Reference:

1. Hillier F.S. and Libermann G.J.: Introduction to Operations Research,
McGraw Hill.
2. Sharma J.K.(2001): Operations Research: Theory and Applications,
Macmillan India Ltd.

32
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PAPER XVII: HEALTH STATISTICS AND POPULATION
DYNAMICS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Health statistics: Introduction, utilization of basic data, sources of health statistics,
problems in the collection of sickness data, measurement of sickness, hospital
statistics and the international classification of diseases sources of demographic data
in India: census, vital events, registration, survey, extent of under registration

Unit 2
Measures of mortality crude and specific rates infant mortality rate direct and
indirect standardization of death rates complete life table structure
interrelationship among life functions uses of life table

Unit 3
Measures of fertility CBR ASBR GFR TFR cohort fertility analysis
measures of migration crude, specific and standardized rates survival ratio and
national growth rate method

Unit 4
Force of mortality Gompertz and Makeham law Abridged life table need and
uses construction by Reed Merril King and Graville methods

Unit 5
Population growth and change arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth rates
population estimation and projection GRR NRR component method of
projection logistic curve and its graduation

Books for study

1. P.S.S.Sundar Rao and J.Richard: An introduction to Biostatistics (A manual
for students in health sciences), Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd.
2. Bhaskar.D.Misra: An introduction to the study of population, South Asian
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Books for Reference

1. Barclay.G.W, Techniques of population Analysis, John Wily, New York
2. Keyfitz.N., Applied Mathematical Demography, John Wiley, New York

33
 SEMESTER VI
MAJOR PRACTICAL VII
(S.Q.M, APPLIED STATISTICS &HEALTH STATISTICS)
(2 hours per week)

Working with Statistical Software Packages: SPSS or SYSTAT and Scientific

Calculators

1. X and R chart

2. p chart, np chart

3. c chart

4. Single Sampling Plan

5. Double Sampling Plan

6. Time series: Curve fitting by principle of least squares straight line,

Exponential and Logistic curves.

7. Seasonal fluctuations: Ratio to trend method, Ratio to moving average method

and Link relative method.

8. Index numbers: Calculation of indices using Laspeyre s, Paasche s, Marshall-

Edgeworth, Bowley s and Fisher s formula.

9. Cost of Living indices.

10. Crude specific and Standardised death rates

16. Construction of life tables

17. Crude specific and general fertility rates

Six questions to be set. Candidates may be required to answer four

questions.
Max. Marks: 50 Practical Marks: 40 Record Marks: 10
Duration of exam 3 hours

34
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 1: ACTUARIAL STATISTICS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Elements of compound interest (nominal and effective rates of interest, annuities
certain, present values, accumulated amounts, deferred annuities) the functions
included in compound interest tables and their uses

Unit 2
Redemption of loans sinking funds the average yield on the life fund of an
assurance office

Unit 3
The mortality table select rate general natures construction characteristics and
uses of mortality tables

Unit 4
Premiums general principles natural premiums level premiums office
premiums loading for expenses with profit and without profit premiums
adequacy of premiums relative consistency

Unit 5
Life office valuations general principles policy values retrospective and
prospective methods of valuation of liabilities

Books for Study:

1. Federation of Insurance Institutes Study Courses Mathematical Basis of Life
Assurances F1, 2
2. Donald.D.W. (1970) Compound Interest and Annuities, Heinemann, London

Books for reference:

1. Elandt-Johnson.R.C, Johnson.N.L (1980), Survival Models and Data Analysis,
John Wiley.

35
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 2: INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Inventory planning: Concept of planned inventory policies Deterministic models
Policy when inventory levels are reviewed continuously and demands occur
uniformly with and without shortage costs Economic order quantity.

Unit 2
Policy for production planning when inventory levels are reviewed periodically
Stochastic models Single period model with no set up cost having zero or non-zero
initial stock {(s,S) policy} Solving special cases using computer packages.

Unit 3
Forecasting: Concept of forecasting and its applications in manufacturing and non-
manufacturing industrial situations Different methods of forecasting including
average, last value, weighted average(exponential smoothing) Forecasting in
presence of linear trends using least square methods Forecasting in presence of
seasonal effects Solving special cases using computer package.

Unit 4
Reliability: Definitions and relationships between survival function, hazard function,
hazard rate of a non-negative random variable Parametric distributions: Weibull,
Gamma, Lognormal and Exponential as life time distributions - Concept of aging,
IFR, IFRA classes of distributions and their dual.

Unit 5
Coherent system as binary function: Minimal cut and path sets(vectors)
Representation of structure function of series, parallel and k out of n : G systems of
independent components Minimal cut and path structure functions Dual of a
coherent structure Derivation of reliabilities of above structures.

Books for study:

3. Taha H A (1999): Operations Research, Macmillan Publishing Co.
4. Hiller F S and Libermann G J(1995): Introduction to Operations Research, 6th
Edition, McGraw Hill.
5. Bain L J and Enghardt(1991): Statistical Analysis of Reliability and Life
Testing Models, Marckel Dekker.

Books for Reference:

1. Zacks S (1992): Introduction to Reliability Analysis, Probability models and
Statistical methods, Springer Verlag.
2. Barlow R E and Proschan F(1975): Statistical theory of Reliability and Life
testing :Probability models, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

36
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 3: APPLIED DECISION MAKING
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Decision Problem: Goals and objectives Conflict between goals Possible solutions
Constraints Feasible solutions Objective function Costs and benefits, notions
and criteria for optimality.

Unit 2
Steps in decision-making: Determining objective(s), identifying alternative feasible
solutions, determining (expected) costs and benefits associated with a feasible
solution, developing a measure of effectiveness, finding the optimal solution
Sensitivity analysis and post-optimality problems controlling a solution.

Unit 3
Structure of decisions Development of the pay-off measure Bernoullian utility
Expected value Pay-off without a natural measure Standard gamble Strategies
and states of nature Analysis of decisions Pay-off matrix Decisions under
certainty, uncertainty, risk and competition Optimality criteria of pessimism,
optimism and regret A decision among decision criteria Laplace criterion.

Unit 4
Sequential decisions Decision trees Informal analysis of decision trees Cutting
decision trees Decision making using expected money value and utility Expected
profit with perfect information Value of sample information Expected net gain
due to sampling

Unit 5
Decision problems in marketing Brand-loyalty model Brand-share model
Pricing problem Competitive bidding Allocation of advertising funds
Decision problems in finance Investment decision trees Risk analysis Portfolio
selection Dividend policy

Books for study:

1. Raiffa H and Schlaifer R (1968): Applied Statistical Decision Theory, MIT

Press.
2. Johnson R D and Siskin B R (1976): Quantitative Techniques for Business
Decisions, Prentice-Hall, India.

Books for Reference:

1. Kemeny J G, Schleifer Jr. A., Snell J L and Thompson G L (1968): Finite

Mathematics with Business Applications, Prentice-Hall, India.

37
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 4: JAVA PROGRAMMING
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT I

Introduction to JAVA : JAVA features, Java program structure Java tokens Java
Literals Java Datatypes-Type Casting Operators Arrays, Multi Dimensional array
Control statements.

UNIT II

Classes-Objects-Methods-method Overloading Array of Objects .

Inheritance: Types-Method Overriding, Abstract classes-Interfaces, packages

UNIT III

Overviews of Applets: Applet basics Applets life cycle-creating an executable

Applet in Html file AWT: working with graphics working with frame window-
Using Awt Controls : label Buttons Checkbox- Check Box Groups- Choice
control.-text field-Multi Threading - Creating Thread Extending Threads .

UNIT IV

Event handling : Event classes Event Listener Interfaces-handling Mouse Events-

Exception handling : Fundamental using try and catch throw-finally statements. I/O
basics: Input Stream Output stream-file input stream file output stream data input
stream data output stream.

UNIT V

Java Swing Introduction Advantages Swing controls. Introduction to servlets

Overview of Java Beans

Books for study:

Herbert Schildt (2002): JAVA 2 ( The Complete Reference), 4/e, BPB Publications.

REFERENCE

1. E.Balagurusamy: Programming with Java, 2/e , Tata Mc.Graw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd .

2. C.Xavier: Programming with Java2 , Scitech Publications Ltd.

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 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 5: DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

UNIT- I
Introduction - DBMS Basic Concepts - Purpose of Database Systems Database
System / File System - Overall System architecture Database Languages
Classifications Data Models
UNIT II
Entity relationship model: Mapping constraints Primary Keys Foreign Keys
Structural Constraints. ER notations - ER model examples Enhanced Entity
Relationship Model: EER Concepts like Generalization, Specialization, Union,
Category, Disjoint, Overlapping etc. EER model examples
UNIT- III
Relational DataBase Design ER/EER to Relational Mapping algorithm - Relational
Model: Structure Formal Query Languages Relational Algebra Informal Design
Guidelines Functional Dependencies Normalization upto Third Normal Form
UNIT- IV
SQL Basics of SQL DDL DML DCL TCL Commands in detail with
examples
UNIT- V
PL/SQL: Stored Procedure Concepts Procedure Functions Cursors - Triggers.

Books for study:

1. H.F. Korth and A.Silberschatz (1988): Database System Concepts, McGraw
Hill Publication.
2. Albert Lulushi (1997): Developing ORACLE FORMS Applications, Prentice
Hall

Reference Books:
1. Ramez Elmasri and B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems (Chapters
1, 2, 3, 4.1, 7, 8, 9, 14), 3/e, Addison Wesley.

39
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 6: BIOINFORMATICS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Introduction Development of Bioinformatics - Biological concepts of Bioinfomatics
- DNA- The Blue print of life Chromosomes and its organization - Genetic Code
Genes Expression RNA- Rice- Human Genome.

Unit 2
Data representation Data file formats Data Retrieval Syatems - Biological data
base Structural data bases Genome databases Primary and Secondary data bases.

Unit 3
Sequence manipulations Sequence files Sequence editing Sequence symbols.

Unit 4
Pairwise alignment Local and global alignment - Multiple sequence Alignment-
Phylogenetic Analysis Gene Finding.

Unit 5
Data base searches BLAST, FASTA Elementary concepts of data mixing.

Books for study:

1. K. Mani and N. Vijayaraj (2002): Bioinformatics for Beginners, Kalaikathir

Achchagam.
6. Arthur M. Lesh: Introduction to Bioinformatics

40
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 7: STATISTICAL GENETICS
(6 hours per week 5 lecture-hours and 1 tutorial/seminar session per week)

Unit 1
Statistics Genetics: Cells, Chromosomes, Gametes, Genes and Gene frequency,
Mendel s laws- Single locus with two alleles Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium A-B-O
bloodgroup system, Calculation of probabilities of offspring bloodgroup for given
parental blood group Chance of incompatibility.

Unit 2
Definition of ED50, ED90 etc.- Simple method of estimation of the above.
Data: Dose levels (Z,I), number of individuals exposed (n,I), number responding (r,I).
Simple regression of probit on log dose to estimate parameters of tolerance
distribution.

Unit 3
Introduction to logistic regression with binary response and one independent variables
(continuous) - Exponential and logistic models of population growth, solving the
following differential equations :
DNt/dt = kNt, dNt/dt = aNt(k-Nt).
Fitting the above growth models to data by linearization and regression.

Unit 4
Capture-recapture method of abundance estimation. One and two recapture occasions.
Use of likelihood under binomial distribution Concept of biodiversity. Simpson s
and Shannon-Wiener indices.

Unit 5
Study of exponential and Weibull distributions as models for survivorship data.
Corresponding hazard functions and interpretation of their shapes. Applications to
environmental data.

Books for Study :

1. D.J.Finney (1978): Statistical Methods in Biological Assays, Charles Griffics

& Co.
2. A.P.Gore and S.A. Paranjpe (2000): A course in Mathematical & Statistical
Ecology, Kluwer.

Books for References:

1. R.C.Elandt Johnson (1975): Probability Models and Statistical Methods in

Genetics Wiley.
2. C.C.Li (1976): First course in Population Genetics, Boxwood Press.

41
 SEMESTER VI
ELECTIVE 8: PROJECT WORK
(6 hours per week)

Guidelines for the Project work:

1. A project work shall be normally offered in the third year (sixth semester).
2. A project work shall be assessed for a maximum of 100 marks. The
assessment will be based on the project report, presentation and viva-voce
ONLY INTERNAL EVALUATION.
3. A project may be undertaken by a group of students and the maximum number
of students in a team shall not exceed five.
4. A project work shall be supervised by a faculty member assigned by the Head
of the Department.
5. There shall be an internal examiner for the evaluation of the project work.
6. A project work should encourage a student to interact with the end user.
7. A project work should be chosen such that there is enough scope to apply and
demonstrate the statistical techniques learnt in the course.
8. The students should submit a report above their project work before the last
working day of the concerned semester. Even if a team of students undertake
the same project, the project report submitted by each member of the team
should be separate.
9. A project work report shall clearly state the problem addressed, the
methodology adopted, the assumptions and the hypotheses formulated, any
previous references to the study undertaken, statistical analyses performed and
the broad conclusion drawn.

42
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