UNIT-IV

Introduction to IoT Supported

Hardware Platforms
In the world of IoT (Internet of Things), hardware platforms play a crucial role in enabling the
connection and communication between devices. These platforms serve as the foundation for
building IoT solutions, providing the necessary infrastructure and functionality for devices to interact
seamlessly. Each hardware platform has its own unique features and capabilities, catering to different
use cases and requirements.

From microcontrollers to single-board computers, the diversity of IoT hardware platforms offers a
wide range of options for developers and innovators to create connected and intelligent systems.
Overview of Raspberry Pi
Raspberry pi is the name of the “credit card-sized computer board” developed by the Raspberry pi
foundation, based in the U.K. It gets plugged in a TV or monitor and provides a fully functional
computer capability. It is aimed at imparting knowledge about computing to even younger students at
the cheapest possible price. Although it is aimed at teaching computing to kids, but can be used by
everyone willing to learn programming, the basics of computing, and building different projects by
utilizing its versatility.

Raspberry Pi is developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation in the United Kingdom. The Raspberry Pi is a

series of powerful, small single-board computers.

Raspberry Pi is launched in 2012 and there have been several iterations and variations
released since then.

Various versions of Raspberry Pi have been out till date. All versions consist of a Broadcom system on
a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible CPU and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU).

Raspberry Pi is a highly popular and versatile single-board computer that has gained widespread
recognition in the IoT community. With its compact size and powerful performance, Raspberry Pi has
become a go-to choice for IoT enthusiasts and professionals alike. It supports various operating
systems and programming languages, making it adaptable to a wide range of applications.

Equipped with GPIO pins, USB ports, HDMI output, and networking capabilities, Raspberry Pi serves as
a robust foundation for IoT projects, offering flexibility and reliability in deployment.

Raspberry Pi 4
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the latest addition to the Raspberry Pi family, providing enhanced
performance and connectivity options for IoT applications.
Raspberry pi Diagram :
Features and Capabilities of Raspberry
Pi
Raspberry Pi boasts a rich set of features and capabilities that make it well-suited for IoT
development. It offers a range of models with varying specifications, ensuring that developers can
choose the most suitable hardware for their projects. Its support for peripheral connectivity,
multimedia capabilities, and GPIO interfacing make it an ideal platform for developing IoT solutions.

Furthermore, the extensive community support and vast collection of open-source projects contribute
to Raspberry Pi's appeal, providing a collaborative ecosystem for innovation and knowledge sharing.

GPIO Interfacing

Raspberry Pi provides GPIO pins, enabling direct interaction with sensors, motors, and other
hardware components essential for IoT applications.

Networking Capabilities

With Ethernet and Wi-Fi connectivity, Raspberry Pi facilitates seamless data exchange and
communication in IoT environments.

Multimedia Support

Its compatibility with multimedia formats and displays makes Raspberry Pi suitable for diverse IoT use
cases, including digital signage and media streaming.
Here are some features of Raspberry Pi:
General purpose input/output (GPIO) pins
Low power consumption

Operating system support

Compact size
Video and graphics support
Wireless connectivity

Expandability

Universal service bus (USB) ports

Built-in Ethernet port

PoE header

Central processing unit

Raspberry Pi can be used like a normal computer. It has a processor, RAM, USB ports, and an
HDMI port. You can connect it to a keyboard, mouse, hard drives, and more.
Applications and Use Cases of Raspberry
Pi in IoT
Raspberry Pi has found extensive usage across numerous IoT applications, leveraging its compact
form factor, computational capabilities, and I/O interfaces. From home automation and industrial
monitoring to educational projects and prototyping, Raspberry Pi has demonstrated its versatility in
empowering IoT solutions.

Its affordability, community support, and vast availability of libraries and tools contribute to its
widespread adoption, making it an ideal choice for both prototyping and production-grade IoT
deployments.

Home Automation 1
Raspberry Pi is used to control smart
home devices, manage energy
consumption, and automate 2 Industrial Monitoring
household tasks. In industrial environments, Raspberry
Pi serves as a monitoring and control
system, enabling real-time data
Educational Projects 3 collection and analysis.
Raspberry Pi is widely employed in
educational settings to teach IoT
concepts and programming skills.
Overview of ARM Cortex Processors:
The ARM Cortex family of processors is based on three profiles of the ARMv7 architecture:

A profile: For high-end applications that run complex operating systems

R profile: For real-time systems

M profile: For cost-sensitive and microcontroller applications

ARM Cortex processors are licensed by ARM Limited. They are designed to be low-cost and energy-
efficient, and are embedded in many consumer devices.

Here are some other ARM Cortex processors:

ARM Cortex-M

A group of 32-bit RISC ARM processor cores that are optimized for energy-efficient integrated circuits.
Over 90% of microcontrollers in smart products use ARM Cortex-M processors.

Cortex-M4

An embedded processor that is designed for digital signal control markets. It is a popular choice with
many silicon vendors.

ARM Cortex-A

A group of 32-bit and 64-bit RISC ARM processor cores that are intended for application use.
Features of ARM Cortex Precessors:
ARM Cortex processors have many features, including:

Multiprocessing system

Tightly coupled memory

Memory management

Thumb-2 technology

One-cycle execution time

Pipelining

Large number of registers

ARM Cortex processors are a family of RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) processors
developed by ARM Holdings. They are known for their energy efficiency, performance, and scalability.
Overview of Arduino Boards
Arduino is an easy-to-use open platform to create electronics projects.
Arduino boards play a vital role in creating different projects. It makes
electronics accessible to non-engineers, hobbyists, etc.

The various components present on the Arduino boards are

Microcontroller, Digital Input/output pins, USB Interface and
Connector, Analog Pins, Reset Button, Power button, LED's, Crystal
Oscillator, and Voltage Regulator. Some components may differ
depending on the type of board.

The most standard and popular board used over time is Arduino UNO.
The ATmega328 Microcontroller present on the UNO board makes it
rather powerful than other boards. There are various types of Arduino
boards used for different purposes and projects. The Arduino Boards
are organized using the Arduino (IDE), which can run on various
platforms. Here, IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment.

Arduino boards are renowned for their simplicity, flexibility, and

robustness, making them a preferred choice for IoT prototyping and
development. Their open-

source nature, extensive libraries, and user-friendly IDE (Integrated

Development Environment) have contributed to their widespread
adoption in the IoT community.

Arduino boards are equipped with digital and analog pins, facilitating
seamless interfacing with sensors and actuators, thus enabling the
creation of diverse and interactive IoT projects.
Features and Capabilities of Arduino
Boards
Arduino boards are designed to provide a user-friendly and accessible platform for IoT development.
Their ability to interface with a wide variety of sensors, shields, and modules makes them an excellent
choice for building IoT prototypes and experimenting with different hardware configurations.

Furthermore, their compatibility with various communication protocols and ease of programming
contribute to their appeal, ensuring that developers can quickly iterate and test their IoT concepts.

1 Modularity 2 Programming Environment

Arduino boards support modular The Arduino IDE provides a user-friendly
expansion, allowing developers to add programming environment, simplifying the
new functionalities using compatible development of IoT applications for
shields and modules. beginners and experts alike.
The components of Arduino UNO board
are shown below:
Applications and Use Cases of Arduino
Boards in IoT
Arduino boards have been instrumental in driving innovation and creativity in the IoT domain, with
their ability to facilitate rapid prototyping and experimentation. Their deployment spans across
various fields, including smart agriculture, environmental monitoring, wearable technology, and
interactive art installations.

Moreover, Arduino boards have become an integral part of educational programs and DIY
communities, empowering individuals to explore the realms of IoT and electronics.

Smart Agriculture Arduino boards are utilized for automating

irrigation systems, monitoring crop conditions,
and managing livestock.

Environmental Monitoring They are employed to collect and analyze

environmental data, including air quality,
temperature, and humidity.

Wearable Technology Arduino boards serve as the foundation for

developing wearable gadgets and health
monitoring devices.
Some Applications of the Arduino UNO
includes:
Security and defense.
Embedded System.

Digital Electronics and Robotics.

Weighing machines.

Parking Lot Counter.

Medical instrument.

Traffic Light Count Down Timer.

Home Automation.
Overview of Intel Galileo Boards
The Intel Galileo board is a microcontroller board that can be used for Internet of Things (IoT)
development. It's a little larger than a credit card and is Arduino-certified.

The Galileo board is based on the Intel QuarkSoC X1000, a 32-bit Intel Pentium-class system on a chip.
It has a motherboard with up to 8 Mb of flash memory and 256 RAM, and can operate at speeds of up
to 400 MHz. The board is also pin-compatible with Arduino shields designed for the Uno R3.

Intel has released two versions of the Galileo board, called Gen 1 and Gen 2. Both boards are
sometimes called "Breakout boards" and are designed for the maker and education communities.

Intel Galileo boards represent a family of powerful and feature-rich IoT development platforms,
designed to enable high-performance computing and seamless connectivity. Their compatibility with a
wide range of operating systems, and support for various programming languages, positions them as
a compelling choice for IoT professionals and embedded systems developers.

Featuring advanced processor architectures and exceptional memory resources, Intel Galileo boards
empower developers to create complex and compute-intensive IoT applications with ease.
Applications and Use Cases of Intel
Galileo Boards in IoT
Intel Galileo boards have found application in a multitude of IoT scenarios, catering to demanding use
cases that require high processing capacity and robust connectivity features. From intelligent edge
computing to industrial automation, their reliability and computational prowess make them suitable
for mission-critical IoT deployments.

Additionally, their compatibility with a wide array of sensors, communication modules, and peripheral
devices ensures their versatility in addressing diverse IoT challenges and requirements.

1 2 3

Intelligent Edge Industrial Automation Robust Connectivity

Computing They are utilized in industrial Intel Galileo boards ensure
Intel Galileo boards enable automation systems, robust and secure
efficient data processing and supporting control, connectivity, facilitating
analytics at the edge of IoT monitoring, and predictive seamless integration with IoT
networks, reducing latency maintenance operations in gateways and cloud
and enhancing real-time manufacturing platforms.
decision-making. environments.
Some Features Of Intel Galileo Boards
Processor

A 32-bit Intel Pentium processor-compatible ISA or Intel Quark SoC X1000, operating at speeds of up
to 400 MHz

Storage

8 MB NOR Flash for firmware and bootloader, 256 MB DDR3, 800 MT/s SD card, and up to 32 GB of 8
KB EEPROM

Physical features

A full-sized mini-PCI Express slot, 100Mb Ethernet port, micro-SD slot, RS-232 serial port, USB Host
port, and USB Client port

Other features

Shield compatibility, Ethernet library compatibility, real time clock, MicroSD support, and TWI/I2C, SPI
support

Compatibility

Compatible with the Arduino software development environment and has several PC industry
standard I/O ports
Here are some things to know about the
Intel Galileo board:
It's the first board in a line of Arduino-certified development boards based on Intel x86
architecture.

It's designed for the maker and education communities.

It's hardware and software pin-compatible with Arduino shields designed for the Uno R3.
It has a motherboard with up to 8 Mb of flash memory and 256 RAM.

It has 512 KB of in-built SRAM and an additional 256 MB of external DRAM.

It has 8MB Flash (to store firmware), an 11KB EEPROM (non-volatile memory), and a µSD socket
(which supports up to 32GB µSD cards).

It's 4.2 inches long and 2.8 inches wide respectively, with the USB connectors, UART jack, Ethernet
connector, and power jack extending beyond the former dimension.

You can use the Intel Galileo Gen 2 with ESP8266-01 and Blynk. It has nearly the same pinout for the
Arduino section, as compared to Arduino UNO.