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The document discusses batch operating systems and deadlocks. A batch operating system processes tasks sequentially in batches without user interaction for each task. This improves efficiency by minimizing idle time. Deadlocks occur when two or more processes are waiting for resources held by each other, resulting in a circular wait dependency where no process can proceed. For example, processes A and B each hold a resource the other needs, leading to indefinite waiting.

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Mamoon Khan
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11 views2 pages

Paper Pattern

The document discusses batch operating systems and deadlocks. A batch operating system processes tasks sequentially in batches without user interaction for each task. This improves efficiency by minimizing idle time. Deadlocks occur when two or more processes are waiting for resources held by each other, resulting in a circular wait dependency where no process can proceed. For example, processes A and B each hold a resource the other needs, leading to indefinite waiting.

Uploaded by

Mamoon Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QNO3. Qno4.

BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM: Explain dead lock:

A batch operating system is a type of A deadlock occurs in a multitasking


operating system that processes and environment when two or more
executes tasks in batches, without processes are unable to proceed
because each is waiting for the other to
requiring user interaction for each
release a resource. This situation arises
individual task. In a batch processing
when processes hold resources and wait
environment, similar tasks are grouped for others to release resources that they
together into batches and processed need to continue execution, creating a
sequentially by the operating system. This circular dependency. As a result, none of
approach improves efficiency by the processes can proceed, leading to a
minimizing idle time and maximizing the deadlock.For example, consider two
utilization of system resources. Batch processes, A and B, where A holds
operating systems were commonly used in Resource 1 and requests Resource 2,
mainframe computers for tasks such as while B holds Resource 2 and requests
Resource 1. If both processes wait
payroll processing, billing, and large-scale
indefinitely for the other to release the
data processing. Examples of batch
resource they need, a deadlock occurs.
operating systems include IBM's OS/360
and its successors, as well as modern job
scheduling software used in enterprise
environments.

QNO5.
BENEFITS OF WINDOW SERVER 2016:
1. *Enhanced Security:* Improved security features such as Windows Defender,
Credential Guard, and Just-In-Time Privileged Access Management help safeguard
against modern security threats.
2. *Hyper-V Improvements:* Hyper-V gains features like Shielded Virtual Machines,
which provide additional protection for VMs, and improvements in scalability and
performance.
3. *Nano Server:* A lightweight server option that reduces the OS footprint, enhancing
efficiency and security, especially in containerized environments.
4. *Storage Spaces Direct:* Enables building highly available and scalable storage
systems using local storage, contributing to cost-effective and resilient storage
solutions.
QNO1. ISO NOTE: Qno2. DEFINE MEMORY
MANAGEMENT:
i. ISO stands for the International
Organization for Standardization, which ii. Memory management is the process of
develops and publishes international controlling and coordinating computer
standards to ensure the quality, safety,
and efficiency of products, services, and
memory, ensuring that programs and
systems. These standards cover a wide data are allocated and deallocated
range of industries and help facilitate appropriately. It involves tasks such as
international trade by providing a allocating memory to processes,
common language for businesses
worldwide. ISO standards are recognized
managing memory usage efficiently, and
globally, promoting consistency and preventing memory leaks and
interoperability across diverse sectors. fragmentation.

Qno3. HOTSPOT BENEFITS QNO4. PCB STAND

iii. A hotspot is a location where Iv. PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board. It
wireless internet access is available, is a flat board made of non-conductive
typically through a Wi-Fi network. material like fiberglass or epoxy resin,
Benefits of hotspots include convenient with conductive pathways etched or
printed onto it. PCBs provide mechanical
internet access, increased mobility,
support and electrical connections for
cost-effectiveness compared to cellular
electronic components, allowing them to
data, and enhanced productivity for
be mounted and interconnected
remote work or business activities. efficiently within electronic devices.

Qno5. File sharing QNO6. WINDOW 10 SERVER

V. File sharing allows users to easily exchange As of my last knowledge update in January
files between devices or users over a network, 2022, there isn't a specific operating system
facilitating collaboration, data transfer, and called "Windows 10 Server." Microsoft
information dissemination. Its importance lies typically designates server versions of its
in enhancing productivity, enabling efficient operating systems as part of the Windows
teamwork, promoting access to resources, Server family (e.g., Windows Server 2016,
and fostering communication and innovation Windows Server 2019). If there have been
in various fields such as business, education, new releases or changes since then, it's
and research. advisable to check the latest Microsoft
documentation for accurate and up-to-date
information.

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