INDEX

1.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find mean of them.

2.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find median of them.

3.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find mode of them.

4.Write a program to read an excel sheet and find mean,median and mode of Price.

5.write a program to create an array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with mean.

6. write a program to create an array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with median.

7. write a program to create a string array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with unknown.

8.write a program to read an excel sheet and replace nan values with mean in age.

9.write a program to read an excel sheet an d replace nan values with median in KM.

10.write a program to create an excel sheet and replace nan values with most frequent values in FuelType.

11.write a program to read an excel sheet an replace nan values with mode in metcolor.

12.write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin mean on it.

13.write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin median on it.

14write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin boundaries on it.

15.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform mean_max normalization on price.

16.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform z-score normalization on price.

17.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform decimal scaling normalization on price.

18.write a program to read an excel sheet and display boxplot with price vs fueltype and automatic.

19.write a program to read an excel sheet and display scatter plot with price vs age by fueltype.

20.write a program to read an excel sheet and display Q-Q plot.

21.write a program to read an excel sheet and display histogram on age.

22.write a program to read an excel sheet and display piegraph.

23.write a program to demonstrate PCA.

24. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset - stepforward selection .

25. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset – backword elimination.

26. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset- combination(stepforward selection and backword elimination).

27. write a program to demonstrate simple random Sampling.

28. write a program to demonstrate simple random sampling with replacement.

29. write a program to demonstrate stratified sampling.

30. write a program to demonstrate Implementation of apriori algorithm.

31. write a program to demonstrate FP-Growth construction.

32.Write a program to implement Decision tree.

33. write a program to demonstrate naïve bayes classification.

34. write a program to demonstrate K-means clustering algorithm.

35. write a program to demonstrate k-medoid clustering algorithm.

PROGRAMS

1.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find mean of them.

import numpy as np

arr=eval(input('enter values as [1,2,3] : '))

arr=np.array(arr)

sum=0

for i in arr:

sum+=i

print('mean of given values {} is : '.format(arr),sum/len(arr))

OUTPUT:
enter values as [1,2,3] : [2,3,6,2,8,3,7]
mean of given values [2 3 6 2 8 3 7] is : 4.428571428571429
2.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find median of them.

import numpy as np

arr=eval(input('enter values as [1,2,3] : '))

arr=np.array(arr)

def median(arr):

arr=sorted(arr)

if len(arr)%2==1:

l=len(arr)//2

return arr[l]

else:

l=len(arr)//2

sum=arr[l]+arr[l-1]
 return sum/2

print('median of given value {} is : '.format(sorted(arr)),median(arr))

OUTPUT:
enter values as [1,2,3] : [1,5,2,8,4,8,7]

median of given value [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8] is : 5

3.Write a program to Create an array with numeric values and find mode of them.

import numpy as np

arr=eval(input('enter values as [1,2,3] : '))

arr=np.array(arr)

def median(arr):

arr=sorted(arr)

if len(arr)%2==1:

l=len(arr)//2

return arr[l]

else:

l=len(arr)//2

sum=arr[l]+arr[l-1]

return sum/2

def mean(arr):

sum=0

for i in arr:

sum+=i

return sum/len(arr)

def mode(arr):

mode=3*median(arr)-2*mean(arr)

return mode

print('mode of given val {} is : '.format(arr),mode(arr))

OUTPUT:
enter values as [1,2,3] : [2,5,3,7,4,8,9]
mode of given val [2 5 3 7 4 8 9] is : 4.142857142857142

4.Write a program to read an excel sheet and find mean,median and mode of Price.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1')

print('Mean of the values of price are : ',df['Price'].mean())

print('Median of the values of price are : ',df['Price'].median())

print('Mode of the values of price are : ',df['Price'].mode())

OUTPUT:
Mean of the values of price are : 16181.758620689656

Median of the values of price are : 16124.5

Mode of the values of price are : 0 15950

Name: Price, dtype: int64

5.write a program to create an array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with mean.

import numpy as np

v = np.array([1,2, 3, 4,np.nan,5,6,np.nan,np.nan])

print('Before replacing : ',v)

vMean=np.nanmean(v)

for i in range(len(v)):

if np.isnan(v[i]):

v[i]=vMean

#v[np.isnan(v)] = np.nanmean(v)

print('After replacing with mean : ',v)

OUTPUT:
Before replacing : [ 1. 2. 3. 4. nan 5. 6. nan nan]

After replacing with mean : [1. 2. 3. 4. 3.5 5. 6. 3.5 3.5]

6. write a program to create an array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with median.

import numpy as np

v = np.array([1,6, 3, 4,np.nan,5,6,np.nan,np.nan])

print('Before replacing : ',v)

vMean=np.nanmedian(v)

for i in range(len(v)):

if np.isnan(v[i]):

v[i]=vMean

#v[np.isnan(v)] = np.nanmean(v)
print('After replacing with mean : ',v)

OUTPUT:
Before replacing : [ 1. 6. 3. 4. nan 5. 6. nan nan]

After replacing with mean : [1. 6. 3. 4. 4.5 5. 6. 4.5 4.5]

7. write a program to create a string array with some np.nan values and replace np.nan values with unknown.

import numpy as np

v = np.array(['ab','bc','cd','de',np.nan,'ef','fg',np.nan,np.nan])

print('Before replacing : ',v)

for i in range(len(v)):

if v[i]==str(np.nan):

v[i]='unknown'

#v[np.where(v.astype(str)==str(np.nan))]='unknown'

print('After replacing with "unknown" : ',v)

OUTPUT:
Before replacing : ['ab' 'bc' 'cd' 'de' 'nan' 'ef' 'fg' 'nan' 'nan']

After replacing with "unknown" : ['ab' 'bc' 'cd' 'de' 'unknown' 'ef' 'fg' 'unknown' 'unknown']

8.write a program to read an excel sheet and replace nan values with mean in age.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

print("Age values before replacing with mean : ")

print(df.head(10))

df['Age'].fillna(df['Age'].mean(),inplace=True)

print("Age values after replacing with mean : ")

print(df.head(10))

OUTPUT:
Age values before replacing with mean :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

[10 rows x 10 columns]

Age values after replacing with mean :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 29.598131 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.000000 72937.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 29.598131 NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.000000 NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 29.598131 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.000000 61000.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.000000 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 29.598131 75889.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.000000 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.000000 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

9.write a program to read an excel sheet an d replace nan values with median in KM.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

print("km values before replacing with median : ")

print(df.head(10))

df['KM'].fillna(df['KM'].median(),inplace=True)

print("km values after replacing with median : ")

print(df.head(10))

OUTPUT:
km values before replacing with median :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

[10 rows x 10 columns]

km values after replacing with median :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN 36860.5 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 36860.5 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN 36860.5 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 36860.5 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

10.write a program to create an excel sheet and replace nan values with most frequent values in FuelType.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

print("FuelType values before replacing with specified value : ")

print(df.head(10))

df['FuelType'].fillna(df['FuelType'].value_counts()\

.index[0],inplace=True)

print("FuelType values after replacing with specified value : ")

print(df.head(10))
OUTPUT:
FuelType values before replacing with specified value :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN NaN ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

[10 rows x 10 columns]

FuelType values after replacing with specified value :

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 Petrol ... 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN Petrol ... 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN Petrol ... 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 Petrol ... 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel ... 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 Petrol ... 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel ... 0 1900 3 1105

11.write a program to read an excel sheet an replace nan values with mode in metcolor.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

pd.set_option("display.max_columns",None)

print("MetColor values before replacing with mode : ")

print(df.head(10))
df['MetColor'].fillna(df['MetColor'].mode()[0],inplace=True)

print("MetColor values after replacing with mode : ")

print(df.head(10))

OUTPUT:
MetColor values before replacing with mode :

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN 90.0 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN NaN 90.0 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN NaN 90.0 0.0 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel 90.0 NaN 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN 90.0 0.0 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel NaN NaN 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol 192.0 0.0 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel NaN NaN 0 1900 3 1105

MetColor values after replacing with mode :

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986.0 Diesel 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 NaN 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 NaN NaN NaN 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26.0 NaN NaN 90.0 0.0 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 NaN NaN Diesel 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1170

5 12950 32.0 61000.0 NaN 90.0 0.0 0 2000 3 1170

6 16900 27.0 NaN Diesel NaN 1.0 0 2000 3 1245

7 18600 NaN 75889.0 NaN 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1245

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol 192.0 0.0 0 1800 3 1185

9 12950 23.0 71138.0 Diesel NaN 1.0 0 1900 3 1105

12.write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin mean on it.

import numpy as np

d=[12,2,4,5,7,3,6,8,1,4,7,9,1,6,2,3]

d=np.array(d)
def sort(d):

for i in range(len(d)):

for j in range(len(d)-i-1):

if d[j]>d[j+1]:

d[j],d[j+1]=d[j+1],d[j]

def divBin(d):

global new,r,c

for i in range(2,len(d)+1):

if len(d)%i==0:

new=d.reshape(i,len(d)//i)

r=i

c=len(d)//i

return

def binByMean(new,r,c):

print('values are replaced with "MEAN" ')

for i in range(r):

sum=0

mean=0

for j in range(c):

sum+=new[i,j]

mean=sum/c

for j in range(c):

new[i,j]=round(mean)

sort(d)

print('values after sort : \n',d)

divBin(d)

print('Values after bin : \n',new)

binByMean(new,r,c)

print(‘after bin by mean : ‘)

print(new)

OUTPUT:
values after sort :
[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]

Values after bin :

[[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4]

[ 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]]

values are replaced with "MEAN"

[[2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]

[8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8]]

13.write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin median on it.

import numpy as np

d=[12,2,4,5,7,3,6,8,1,4,7,9,1,6,2,3]

d=np.array(d)

def sort(d):

for i in range(len(d)):

for j in range(len(d)-i-1):

if d[j]>d[j+1]:

d[j],d[j+1]=d[j+1],d[j]

def divBin(d):

global new,r,c

for i in range(2,len(d)+1):

if len(d)%i==0:

new=d.reshape(i,len(d)//i)

r=i

c=len(d)//i

return

def binByMedian(new,r,c):

print('values are replaced with "MEDIAN" ')

for i in range(r):

median=0

if c%2==1:

median=new[i,c//2]

else:

median=(new[i,c//2-1]+new[i,c//2])/2
 for j in range(c):

new[i,j]=round(median)

sort(d)

print('values after sort : \n',d)

divBin(d)

print('Values after bin : \n',new)

binByMedian(new,r,c)

print(new)

OUTPUT:
values after sort :

[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]

Values after bin :

[[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4]

[ 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]]

values are replaced with "MEDIAN"

[[2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]

[7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7]]

14write a program to create an array and perform smoothing by bin boundaries on it.

import numpy as np

d=[12,2,4,5,7,3,6,8,1,4,7,9,1,6,2,3]

d=np.array(d)

def sort(d):

for i in range(len(d)):

for j in range(len(d)-i-1):

if d[j]>d[j+1]:

d[j],d[j+1]=d[j+1],d[j]

def divBin(d):

global new,r,c

for i in range(2,len(d)+1):

if len(d)%i==0:

new=d.reshape(i,len(d)//i)

r=i
 c=len(d)//i

return

def binByBoundary(new,r,c):

for i in range(r):

min1=new[i,0]

max1=new[i,c-1]

for j in range(1,c):

if new[i,j]-min1<max1-new[i,j]:

new[i,j]=min1

else:

new[i,j]=max1

sort(d)

print('values after sort : \n',d)

divBin(d)

print('Values after bin : \n',new)

binByBoundary(new,r,c)

print('values are replaced with boundaries : ')

print(new)

OUTPUT:
values after sort :

[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]

Values after bin :

[[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4]

[ 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 12]]

values are replaced with boundaries :

[[ 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4]

[ 5 5 5 5 5 5 12 12]]

15.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform mean_max normalization on price.

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

print("Data frame before applying min_max normalization(0 to 1 or -1 to 1) to price attribute\n\n")

def min_max_normal(a):
 maxv=max(a)

minv=min(a)

difv=maxv-minv

minnv=int(input("enter new min vals i.e 0 or -1 : "))

maxnv=1 #new max is always 1

d=((a-minv*(maxnv-minnv))/(difv))+minnv

return d

print(df.head())

df["Price"]=min_max_normal(df["Price"])

print("\n\nData frame after applying min_max normalization(0 to 1 or -1 to 1) to price attribute\n\n")

print(df.head())

OUTPUT:
Data frame before applying min_max normalization(0 to 1 or -1 to 1) to price attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

enter new min vals i.e 0 or -1 : 0

Data frame after applying min_max normalization(0 to 1 or -1 to 1) to price attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 0.471429 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 0.485714 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 0.497143 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 0.554286 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 0.485714 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

16.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform z-score normalization on price.

import pandas as pd

import statistics as sts

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

print('Data frame before applying ZScore normalization to "price" attribute\n\n')

def ZScore_normal(a):

m=sts.mean(a)

strd=sts.stdev(a)

d=(a-m)/strd

return d

print(df.head())

df["Price"]=ZScore_normal(df["Price"])

print('\n\nData frame after applying ZScore normalization to "price" attribute\n\n')

print(df.head())

OUTPUT:
Data frame before applying ZScore normalization to "price" attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

Data frame after applying ZScore normalization to "price" attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 -0.759612 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 -0.688799 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 -0.632149 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 -0.348898 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 -0.688799 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

17.write a program to read an excel sheet and perform decimal scaling normalization on price.

import pandas as pd

import statistics as sts

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

print("Data frame before applying Decimal Scaling normalization to 'price' attribute\n\n")

def min_max_normal(a):

m=abs(a)

m=str(max(a))

l=len(m)

d=a/10**l

return d

print(df.head())

df["Price"]=min_max_normal(df["Price"])

print("\n\nData frame after applying Decimal Scaling normalization to 'price' attribute\n\n")

print(df.head())

OUTPUT:
Data frame before applying Decimal Scaling normalization to 'price' attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 13950 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 14950 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 13750 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

Data frame after applying Decimal Scaling normalization to 'price' attribute

Price Age KM FuelType HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 0.1350 NaN 46986 Diesel 90 1 0 2000 3 1165

1 0.1375 23 72937 ?? 90 ?? 0 2000 3 1165

2 0.1395 ???? NaN ???? 90 NaN 0 2000 3 1165

3 0.1495 26 ?? NaN 90 0 0 2000 3 1165

4 0.1375 ?? ???? Diesel 90 ???? 0 2000 3 1170

18.write a program to read an excel sheet and display boxplot with price vs fueltype and automatic.

import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

sns.boxplot(x="FuelType",y=df['Price'],hue='Automatic',data=df)

plt.show()

OUTPUT:

19.write a program to read an excel sheet and display scatter plot with price vs age by fueltype.
import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

sns.lmplot(x='Age',y='Price',data=df,fit_reg=False,hue=\

'FuelType',legend=True,palette="Set1")

plt.show()

OUTPUT:

20.write a program to read an excel sheet and display Q-Q plot.

import numpy as np

import statsmodels.api as sm

import pylab as py

data_points = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)

sm.qqplot(data_points, line ='45')

py.show()

OUTPUT:

21.write a program to read an excel sheet and display histogram on age.

import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

sns.histplot(df['Age'],kde=False,bins=5)

plt.show()

OUTPUT:
22.write a program to read an excel sheet and display piegraph.

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn

df=pd.read_excel("income.xlsx",sheet_name='Sheet1',\

index_col=0,na_values=["????","??"])

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

plt.pie(df['Automatic'],labels=df['FuelType'])

plt.show()
OUTPUT:
23.write a program to demonstrate PCA.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

df=pd.read_excel("income2.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

scaler=StandardScaler()

scaler.fit(df)

scaled_data=scaler.transform(df)

pca=PCA(n_components=2)

pca.fit(scaled_data)

x_pca=pca.transform(scaled_data)

print("dimesions of before appaying pca ",scaled_data.shape)

print("dimesions of after appaying pca ",x_pca.shape)

print("the vector values are : ")

print(x_pca)

OUTPUT:
dimesions of before appaying pca (30, 9)

dimesions of after appaying pca (30, 2)

the vector values are :

[[-0.54978564 1.65891144]

[-0.51775201 2.63228264]

[ 0.33207702 1.8193292 ]

[ 0.43192691 1.86053913]

[ 0.40171152 2.95129382]

[ 1.80020386 2.96789749]

[ 2.7174894 -1.49514211]

[ 2.49597055 -1.06563866]

[ 2.13554587 -0.61030502]

[ 2.2593789 -0.8483611 ]

[ 2.50727678 -1.32522149]

[ 2.73723621 -0.98045763]

[ 2.66109512 -1.12503166]

[-1.0381793 -1.41835221]

[-1.32662939 -1.20068875]

[-0.87258735 0.69206217]

[-1.04908755 0.96032055]

[ 0.62398639 1.0275045 ]

[-0.96693403 0.51648471]

[-0.78102847 -0.56108031]

[-0.84066561 -0.65979736]

[-1.13426457 -0.72430594]

[-0.74667448 -0.59927733]

[-0.93521583 0.01644061]

[-0.3377844 0.0694466 ]

[-2.24364051 -1.28710528]

[-2.18494006 -1.05592094]

[-1.84748754 -1.04376081]

[-2.23131203 -0.79551529]
[-1.49992977 -0.37655098]]

24. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset - stepforward selection .

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

df=pd.read_excel("income2.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

s=df.columns

ss=list()

for i in s:

ss.append(i)

print(df[ss].head(2))

print()

OUTPUT:
Price

0 13500

1 13750

Price Age

0 13500 23.0

1 13750 23.0

Price Age KM

0 13500 23.0 46986.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0

Price Age KM HP

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0

Price Age KM HP MetColor

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0

 Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0

Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000

Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3

Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

25. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset – backword elimination.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

df=pd.read_excel("income2.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

s=df.columns

ss=list(s)

for i in s:

print(df[ss].head(2))

ss.pop()

print()

OUTPUT:
Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors Weight

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3 1165

 Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC Doors

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000 3

Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic CC

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0 2000

Price Age KM HP MetColor Automatic

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0 0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0 0

Price Age KM HP MetColor

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0 1.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0 1.0

Price Age KM HP

0 13500 23.0 46986.0 90.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0 90.0

Price Age KM

0 13500 23.0 46986.0

1 13750 23.0 72937.0

Price Age

0 13500 23.0

1 13750 23.0

Price

0 13500

1 13750

26. write a program to demonstrate attribute subset- combination(stepforward selection and backword elimination).

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np
import random

from itertools import combinations

df=pd.read_excel("income3.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

n=int(input("enter no. column combinations in,and its >2and < %i"%len(df.columns)))

s=df.columns

comb=list(combinations(s,n))

comb=set(comb)

for i in comb:

i=list(i)

print(df[i].head(2))

print()

OUTPUT:
enter no. column combinations in,and its >2and < 6 : 5

Price Age HP MetColor Automatic

0 13500 23.0 90.0 1.0 0

1 13750 23.0 90.0 1.0 0

Price HP MetColor Automatic Doors

0 13500 90.0 1.0 0 3

1 13750 90.0 1.0 0 3

Age HP MetColor Automatic Doors

0 23.0 90.0 1.0 0 3

1 23.0 90.0 1.0 0 3

Price Age HP MetColor Doors

0 13500 23.0 90.0 1.0 3

1 13750 23.0 90.0 1.0 3

Price Age MetColor Automatic Doors

0 13500 23.0 1.0 0 3

1 13750 23.0 1.0 0 3

 Price Age HP Automatic Doors

0 13500 23.0 90.0 0 3

1 13750 23.0 90.0 0 3

27. write a program to demonstrate simple random Sampling.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

df=pd.read_excel("income1.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

n=int(input('enter no. rows u need and it should be < %i : '%len(df)))

l1=list(df.index.values)

s=random.sample(l1,n)

s.sort()

result = df.loc[s]

print(result)

OUTPUT:
enter no. rows u need and it should be < 76 : 4

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

14 22500 32.0 34131.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

76 18750 31.0 25266.0 Petrol ... 0 1600 5 1130

95 19950 17.0 30351.0 Diesel ... 0 1995 3 1260

97 15950 19.0 25948.0 Petrol ... 0 1400 3 1100

28. write a program to demonstrate simple random sampling with replacement.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

df=pd.read_excel("income1.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

pd.set_option('display.max_rows',None)

n=int(input('enter no. rows u need and it should be < %i : '%len(df)))

l1=list(df.index.values)

s=random.sample(l1,n)

print("from sample, replce FuelType Diesel with petrol ")

s.sort()

result = df.loc[s]

result['FuelType']='Petrol'

print(result)

OUTPUT:
enter no. rows u need and it should be < 76 : 4

from sample, replce FuelType Diesel with petrol

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

8 21500 27.0 19700.0 Petrol ... 0 1800 3 1185

31 15750 22.0 35199.0 Petrol ... 0 1400 3 1100

72 18950 28.0 28817.0 Petrol ... 0 1598 5 1130

75 16950 23.0 28000.0 Petrol ... 0 1600 5 1115

29. write a program to demonstrate stratified sampling.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

df=pd.read_excel("income1.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1",index_col=0)

df.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)

n=int(input('enter no. rows u need and it should be < %i : '%len(df)))

df1=df[df['Doors']==3]

df2=df[df['Doors']==5]

l1=list(df1.index.values)

l2=list(df2.index.values)

s1=random.sample(l1,n//2)

s2=random.sample(l2,n//2)

s=s1+s2

s.sort()

result = df.loc[s]
print("startified sampling by 'Doors',here we get equal no. of obj of Doors 3,5 ")

print(result)

OUTPUT:
enter no. rows u need and it should be < 76 : 5

startified sampling by 'Doors',here we get equal no. of obj of Doors 3,5

Price Age KM FuelType ... Automatic CC Doors Weight

23 16950 28.0 32220.0 Petrol ... 0 1600 3 1120

30 12950 29.0 9750.0 Petrol ... 0 1400 3 1100

51 15750 30.0 57086.0 Petrol ... 0 1400 5 1110

70 15950 28.0 29206.0 Petrol ... 0 1400 5 1110

30. write a program to demonstrate Implementation of apriori algorithm.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

from itertools import combinations

def combin(lst,n):

global comb1

lst = list(filter(None,lst))

if len(lst)>1:

comb1=lst

if type(lst)==list and len(lst)>0:

if type(lst[0])==list:

lst=one(lst)

lst=set(lst)

lst=list(lst)

comb=list(combinations(lst,n))

for i in range(len(comb)):

comb[i]=list(comb[i])

return comb

#for making one list

def one(lst):
 k=[]

for i in lst:

for j in i:

if str==type(j):

k.append(j)

return k

df=pd.read_excel("FPgrowth.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1")

n=int(input('enter support count : '))

lst=df.values

k=one(lst)

temp=list(set(k))#for get unique items

comb=temp

for i in range(1,len(temp)+1):

if len(comb)<1:

break

comb=combin(comb,i)

d=0

for j in comb:

j1=j

j=set(j)

c=0

for k in lst:

k=set(k)

if j.issubset(k):

c+=1

if c<n:

for j in range(len(comb[d])):

for i in comb[d]:

comb[d].remove(i)

d+=1

print("The max combinations of items with %d support count : "%n,comb1)

OUTPUT:
enter support count : 2

The max combinations of items with 2 support count : [['B', 'A', 'D'], ['B', 'A', 'C'], ['B', 'D', 'C'], ['A', 'E', 'D'], ['A', 'D',
'C']]

31. write a program to demonstrate FP-Growth construction.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import random

from itertools import combinations

import copy

def getValue(ls,v):

ls=one(ls)

temp=list(set(ls))

for i in temp:

c=0

for j in ls:

if i==j:

c+=1

if c<n:

temp.remove(i)

s=combin(temp,v)

results.append(s)

def combin(lst,v):

x=[]

y=[]

for i in range(1,len(lst)+1):

x=list(combinations(lst,i))

for i in range(len(x)):

x[i]=list(x[i])

x[i].append(v)
 y.append(x[i])

return y

#for making one list

def one(lst):

k=[]

for i in lst:

for j in i:

if str==type(j):

k.append(j)

return k

df=pd.read_excel("FPgrowth.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1")

n=int(input('enter support count : '))

lst=df.values

k=one(lst)

uniq=list(set(k))#for get unique items

comb=[]

co=[]

slst=[]

dup=[]

results=[]

#checking min count of each unique element

for i in uniq:

c=0

for j in k:

if i==j:

c+=1

if c>=n:

co.append(c)
 comb.append(i)

#sorting unique elements

for i in range(len(co)-1):

for j in range(len(co)-1):

if co[j]<co[j+1]:

co[j],co[j+1]=co[j+1],co[j]

comb[j],comb[j+1]=comb[j+1],comb[j]

#sorting of each record of file by unique elements order

for i in lst:

m=[]

for j in comb:

for k in range(len(i)):

if i[k]==j:

m.append(j)

slst.append(m)

dup=copy.deepcopy(slst)

for i in comb[::-1]:

m=[]

for j in slst:

for k in j:

if i==k:

j.remove(i)

m.append(j)

getValue(m,i)

#making result sets of each value

for i in results:

for j in i:

c=0

for k in dup:
 if set(j).issubset(k):

c+=1

if c<2:

i.remove(j)

i=len(comb)-1

for j in results:

j.append(list(comb[i]))

print("frequent item sets end with %s "%comb[i],j)

i-=1

OUTPUT:
enter support count : 2

frequent item sets end with E [['C', 'E'], ['D', 'E'], ['A', 'E'], ['C', 'A', 'E'], ['D', 'A', 'E'], ['E']]

frequent item sets end with D [['C', 'D'], ['B', 'D'], ['A', 'D'], ['C', 'B', 'D'], ['C', 'A', 'D'], ['B', 'A', 'D'], ['D']]

frequent item sets end with C [['B', 'C'], ['A', 'C'], ['B', 'A', 'C'], ['C']]

frequent item sets end with B [['A', 'B'], ['B']]

frequent item sets end with A [['A']]

32.Write a program to implement Decision tree.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

from sklearn import tree

from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

df=pd.read_excel("DecisionTree.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1")

x=df.iloc[:,:-1]

y=df.iloc[:,5]

#converting to numeric data

labelencoder_x=LabelEncoder()

x=x.apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)

regressor=DecisionTreeClassifier()

regressor.fit(x.iloc[:,1:5],y)

m=[]
m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1,2' where 'age' is '21-35,<21,>35' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1,2' where 'income' is 'High,Low,Medim' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1' where 'gender' is 'Female,Male' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1' where 'maritalStatus' is 'Married,Single' : "))))

x_in=np.array(m)

y_pred=regressor.predict([x_in])

print("The buying chance for above details is : ",y_pred)

OUTPUT:
choose one of '0,1,2' where 'age' is '21-35,<21,>35' : 1

choose one of '0,1,2' where 'income' is 'High,Low,Medim' : 1

choose one of '0,1' where 'gender' is 'Female,Male' : 0

choose one of '0,1' where 'maritalStatus' is 'Married,Single' : 0

The buying chance for above details is : ['Yes']

33. write a program to demonstrate naïve bayes classification.

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder

df=pd.read_excel("DecisionTree.xlsx",na_values=["????","??"],sheet_name="Sheet1")

x=df.iloc[:,:-1]

y=df.iloc[:,5]

x1=df.iloc[:,:]

#converting to numeric data

labelencoder_x=LabelEncoder()

x=x.apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)

x1=x1.apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)

yes=x1['Buys'].value_counts()[1]

no=x1['Buys'].value_counts()[0]

tot=yes+no

def mul(s,g,n,v):

c=0

for i in range(len(x1[s])):

if x1[s][i]==g and x1["Buys"][i]==n:

c+=1
 return round(c/v,3)

def predict(ls):

yy=mul("Age",ls[0],1,yes)*mul("Icome",ls[1],1,yes)*mul("Gender",ls[2],1,yes)*mul("MaritalStatus",ls[3],1,yes)

nn=mul("Age",ls[0],0,no)*mul("Icome",ls[1],0,no)*mul("Gender",ls[2],0,no)*mul("MaritalStatus",ls[3],0,no)

py=round(yes/tot,3)

pn=round(no/tot,3)

if yy*py>nn*pn:

val="yes"

else:

val="No"

return val

m=[]

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1,2' where 'age' is '21-35,<21,>35' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1,2' where 'income' is 'High,Low,Medim' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1' where 'gender' is 'Female,Male' : "))))

m.append(int(input(("choose one of '0,1' where 'maritalStatus' is 'Married,Single' : "))))

print("The buying chance for above details is : ",predict(m))

OUTPUT:
choose one of '0,1,2' where 'age' is '21-35,<21,>35' : 1

choose one of '0,1,2' where 'income' is 'High,Low,Medim' : 2

choose one of '0,1' where 'gender' is 'Female,Male' : 0

choose one of '0,1' where 'maritalStatus' is 'Married,Single' : 1

The buying chance for above details is : yes

34. write a program to demonstrate K-means clustering algorithm.

a=eval(input("enter some values as '[1,2,3,3]' for making '2' clusters : "))

k11=a[0]

k22=a[len(a)-1]

val=True

def mean(ls):

c=0

for i in ls:

c+=i
 return round(c/len(ls))

while val:

k1=[]

k2=[]

for i in a:

if abs(i-k11)<abs(i-k22):

k1.append(i)

else:

k2.append(i)

t1=mean(k1)

t2=mean(k2)

if t1==k11 and t2==k22:

val=False

else:

k11,k22=t1,t2

print("final clusters are : ",k1,k2)

OUTPUT:
enter some values as '[1,2,3,3]' for making '2' clusters : [6,4,8,7,2,4,3,4,5]

final clusters are : [6, 8, 7] [4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5]

35. write a program to demonstrate k-medoid clustering algorithm.

a=eval(input("enter some values as '[2,3,3,4,6,6,7,7,8,7]' for making '2' clusters : "))

b=eval(input("enter some values as '[6,4,8,7,2,4,3,4,5,6]' both same length : "))

k11=0

k22=len(a)-1

val=True

cop=0

while val:

c=0

k1=[k11]

k2=[k22]

for i in range(0,len(a)):

if i==k11 or i==k22:

continue

x=abs(a[i]-a[k11])+abs(b[i]-b[k11])
 y=abs(a[i]-a[k22])+abs(b[i]-b[k22])

if x<y:

c+=x

k1.append(i)

else:

c+=y

k2.append(i)

k11+=1

if cop==0 or c-cop<=0:

cop=c

fin1=k1

fin2=k2

else:

val=False

def results(k):

res=[]

for i in k:

res.append([a[i],b[i]])

return res

print("1st cluster : ",results(fin1))

print("2nd cluster : ",results(fin2))

OUTPUT:
enter some values as '[2,3,3,4,6,6,7,7,8,7]' for making '2' clusters : [2,3,3,4,6,6,7,7,8,7]

enter some values as '[6,4,8,7,2,4,3,4,5,6]' both same length : [6,4,8,7,2,4,3,4,5,6]

1st cluster : [[2, 6], [3, 4], [3, 8], [4, 7]]

2nd cluster : [[7, 6], [6, 2], [6, 4], [7, 3], [7, 4], [8, 5]]