Kinematics of Particles Part 3
Kinematics of Particles Part 3
11 DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Phillip J. Cornwell Kinematics of Particles
Lecture Notes:
Brian P. Self
California Polytechnic State University
• Velocity vector,
dx dy dz
v i j k xi y j zk
dt dt dt
vx i v y j vz k
• Acceleration vector,
d 2 x d 2 y d 2 z
a 2 i 2 j 2 k xi y j zk
dt dt dt
ax i a y j az k
a) A launch angle of 45
b) A launch angle less than 45
c) A launch angle greater than 45
d) It depends on the launch velocity
SOLUTION:
A baseball pitching machine • Consider the vertical and horizontal motion
“throws” baseballs with a separately (they are independent)
horizontal velocity v0. If you
want the height h to be 42 in., • Apply equations of motion in y-direction
determine the value of v0.
• Apply equations of motion in x-direction
At t = 5 s
At t = 5 s
We can solve the problems geometrically, and apply the arctangent relationship:
Physically, a rider in car A would “see” car B travelling south and west.
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 - 20
Edition
Tenth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components
v v et
en v= vt et dv v2
et a e t en
dt r
x
• The tangential direction (et) is tangent to the path of the
particle. This velocity vector of a particle is in this direction
• The normal direction (en) is perpendicular to et and points
towards the inside of the curve.
• The acceleration can have components in both the en and et directions
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 - 22
Edition
Tenth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components
• To derive the acceleration vector in tangential
and normal components, define the motion of a
particle as shown in the figure.
• et and et are tangential unit vectors for the
particle path at P and P’. When drawn with
respect to the same origin, Det et et and
D is the angle between them.
Some possibilities: