POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - QUEZON CITY

Algoritees eCommerce System

Group-Level Documentation

Order Processing and Fulfillment

Members:

Cera, Jamie Jones P.

Del Rosario, Daniel A.

Rosel, Franco Luis C.

Sto Domingo, Roczpen M.

BSIT 3-1
Introduction
The assigned submodule, "Order Processing and Fulfillment," serves as the
operational engine driving the crucial backend processes of an e-commerce platform.
Its primary purpose is to seamlessly manage and orchestrate the entire lifecycle of
orders, from placement to fulfillment, ensuring timely delivery and customer satisfaction.
The goals and objectives for this submodule encompass optimizing efficiency,
enhancing accuracy, and improving the overall user experience to elevate the platform's
competitiveness and drive sustainable growth.

The Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule is tasked with managing the
entire lifecycle of customer orders, from placement to delivery. It encompasses a range
of essential functionalities, including order validation, inventory management, shipping
logistics, and customer communication.

The primary goal of the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule is to ensure
seamless and efficient order fulfillment, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and
loyalty. To achieve this goal, the following objectives have been identified:

1. Optimize Order Processing: Implement automation and optimization

techniques to expedite order processing and reduce manual
intervention.

3. Streamline Fulfillment Operations: Implement strategies to optimize

packaging, shipping, and delivery routes for cost-effective and timely
order fulfillment.

4. Enhance Communication: Provide customers with transparent and

timely updates on order status, tracking information, and delivery
estimates.

5. Ensure Scalability and Reliability: Design a robust and scalable

architecture that can accommodate fluctuations in demand, seasonal
spikes, and future growth without compromising performance or
reliability.
Requirements
Functional Requirements:

a. Order Confirmation

User Story: As a customer, I want my ordered item/s to be confirmed.

Details: After placing an order, customers are notified that the ordered item/s are
confirmed and will be given an order number as reference. The customer will be
emailed with an invoice confirming the ordered item/s.

Requirement: order processing and fulfillment requires the information on what

payment method, price and customer info and address.

b. Order Cancellation

User Story: As a customer, I want to cancel my order just in case I change my

mind.

Details: after confirming order, customer can cancel the ordered item/s before
admin updates the status to processing.

Requirement: order processing and fulfillment requires a cancellation method in

the code and updates the admin that the customer would like to cancel the
invoice.

c. Return and Refund

User Story: As a customer, I want straightforward process for initiating returns,

tracking return status, and receiving timely refunds.

Details: customers can issue a return/ refund on an item after it has been
received.

Requirement: Return and Refund must only happen once the user receives the
item. A form must be answered to state the reason why the customer would like
to return the item. Afterwhich, the vendor must confirm the request to process the
returning of item/s.

d. Real-Time Order Status

User Story: As a customer, I want to be updated on the status of my ordered

item/s.

Details: In all the procedures and actions updated from the admin, the customer
 will be updated on the procedures of the ordered item/s, via Gmail.

Requirement: order processing and fulfillment requires status inputs: new(order),

processing, canceled in process, shipped, and delivered with gmail notifying the
customer.

e. Order Delivered Confirmation

User Story: As a customer, I want to be notified and provided with confirmation

once my order has been successfully delivered to the specified address.

Details: Customers should be notified through gmail, contact number, or

e-commerce web application about the arrival of their purchase.

Requirements: Within the ‘my orders’ interface, the order status must be updated
to ‘delivered’ once the order has been received. Additionally, the system sends
an e-mail about the order status.

f. Address modification

User Story: As a customer, I want to update my shipping address for an order

before it is dispatched, ensuring that the items reach the correct destination.

Detail: Customers must be able to select, add, delete, or modify shipping address
in case a sudden change in location occurs.

Requirement: Right before the ordered items are delivered, customers must be
able to modify the address. A section within the order interface must enable
editing of shipping addresses to update the courier.

Non-Functional Requirements:

a. Performance:

The system is able to process and record all order transactions from
different customers.

Order placement and status updates are responsive for different user
types.

The system is able to handle heavy user traffic

b. Reliability:

Data integrity is maintained even during system failures or crashes. Any

crash within the system is backed-up by the system’s database that
enables users to continue where they left off once the system runs again.
 c. Usability:

The user interface is easy to navigate for both internal staff and
customers.

Error messages are clear and helpful in guiding users to resolve issues.

d. Auditability and Logging:

All order-related activities are logged for auditing purposes, including order
placement, modifications, and cancellations.

Logs include timestamps, user identifiers, and details of the action

performed.

e. Interoperability:

The order processing module integrates seamlessly with other systems

such as inventory management, payment, and shopping cart systems.

Standardized data exchange formats and protocols should be used to

facilitate interoperability with third-party systems.

Submodules:

1. Order Creation and Editing:

· Order creation, modification, and cancellation by customers.
· Order reassignment and adjustments by customer support.
2. Subtotal:
· Dynamic pricing is based on product attributes, quantity, and customer
type.
· Application of discounts, coupons, and additional fees.
3. Order Workflow:
· Workflow automation for order processing stages (e.g., order received,
order verified, payment processed, order shipped, order delivered).
· Routing and assignment of orders to appropriate staff.
4. Order Detail:
· Order ID, view order details.
· Tracking and status updates for shipments.
 5. Payment Processing Detail:
· Integration with payment gateways for secure payment processing.
· Handling multiple payment methods, including credit cards, digital
wallets, and cash on delivery.
6. Returns and Refunds:
· Handling returns and exchanges.
· Processing refunds and store credit.
7. Quality Assurance and Testing:
· Continuous testing and quality assurance efforts to ensure that the
order processing system is free of defects and issues.
· Button-up approach was used to test the functionality of the module,
starting with the display of orders, updating users through mail, up until
the integration with payment, product catalog, and review and ratings.

Architecture and Design

 System Architecture

The order processing system architecture shows how a customer interacts with
an online store to place an order, how the order is processed, and how the order is
fulfilled and delivered.

The diagram can be broken down into the following key components:

· User: This represents the customer who is placing the order.

· Order processing interface: This is the interface that the customer uses to place their
order.

· Product catalog: This is a database of all the products that are available for sale.

· Shopping cart: This is where the customer stores the items they want to purchase
before they check out.

· Payment gateway: This is the service that processes the customer's payment.

· Order fulfillment: This is the process of picking, packing, and shipping the customer's
order.

· Logistics partner: This is the company that ships the customer's order.

· Order delivery: This is the process of delivering the order to the customer.

· Returns processing: This is the process of handling returns and exchanges.

· Logging system: This is a system that logs all of the activity that takes place in the
order processing system.

· Database: This is a database that stores all of the data that is used by the order
processing system.
Implementation
Overview

The implementation of the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule is based

on PHP Laravel, a widely recognized MVC framework esteemed for its simplicity,
scalability, and robust feature set. By harnessing Laravel's expressive syntax and innate
functionalities, we've engineered a comprehensive system adept at efficiently managing
the entire order lifecycle.

Technologies Utilized

· PHP Laravel: This serves as the foundational framework for constructing the
submodule, providing a sturdy scaffold for development with capabilities like routing,
ORM, and authentication.

· MySQL: Our choice of database management system for storing crucial data such
as order details, inventory records, and customer information.

· JavaScript/jQuery: Employed for facilitating client-side interactions and introducing

dynamic elements within the order processing interface, enhancing user experience.

· HTML/CSS: Responsible for crafting the front-end markup and styling elements,
contributing to the aesthetic appeal and usability of the order management
dashboard and customer-oriented order tracking pages.

· RESTful APIs: Strategically implemented to streamline communication with external

entities like payment gateways and shipping carriers, ensuring seamless integration
and data exchange.
Data Integration
Data Integration Approach

For the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule, data integration is a critical
aspect that ensures seamless communication and synchronization between various
components of the system. We employ a systematic approach to handle data
integration, encompassing the following key aspects:

1. API Integration - Integration with external systems such as payment gateways,

shipping carriers, and inventory management platforms is facilitated through
RESTful APIs. These APIs allow for the exchange of data related to order
processing, inventory updates, shipping details, and payment transactions.

2. Database Synchronization - The system maintains a unified MySQL database

across all submodules where order data, inventory records, customer information,
and transaction logs are stored. Database synchronization processes are
implemented to ensure that data remains consistent across different modules and
services within the platform.

Data Transformation and Synchronization

Data transformation processes are employed to standardize and format data according
to the requirements of the target systems. This involves mapping data fields, converting
data types, and applying business rules to ensure compatibility and accuracy.

Example:

When integrating with a shipping carrier's API, we transform order data into the format
expected by the carrier, including shipping addresses, package dimensions, and
shipping methods. This transformation ensures that orders are processed correctly and
that shipping labels are generated accurately.
Data Schema and Database Design
 The database schema for the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule is
designed to efficiently store and manage various types of data related to order
processing and fulfillment. Key tables within the database include:

1. Orders - Stores information about individual orders, including order ID, customer ID,
order status, total amount, and shipping details.

2. Products - Contains details about products available for purchase, such as product
ID, name, description, price, and inventory levels.

3. Customers - Stores customer information, including customer ID, name, email

address, shipping address, and billing address.

4. Transactions - Records transaction details for each order, including transaction ID,
payment method, transaction status, and timestamps.

Data Dictionary

ORDERITEM

ATTRIBUTE NAME REQUIRED DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

OrderItemID Yes Numeric Unique ID for orderitem

OrderID Yes Numeric Unique ID for order

ProductID Yes Numeric Unique ID for products

Quantity Yes Int How many are ordered

Subtotal Yes Money Total price of ordered items

 ORDER SUMMARY

ATTRIBUTE NAME REQUIRED DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

OrderID Yes Numeric Unique ID for order

CustomerID Yes Numeric Unique ID for products

OrderDate Yes Date How many are ordered

OrderStatus Yes Varchar(10) Total price of ordered items

CUSTOMER

ATTRIBUTE NAME REQUIRED DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

CustomerID Yes Numeric Unique ID for customer

FirstName Yes Varchar(100) First name of customer

LastName Yes Varchar(100) Last name of customer

Email Yes Varchar(100) Email of customer

Phone Yes Int Phone number of customer

Address Yes Varchar(100) Address of customer

 SHIPMENT

ATTRIBUTE NAME REQUIRED DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

ShipmentID Yes Numeric Unique ID for shipment

OrderID Yes Numeric Unique ID of order

ShipmentDate Yes Date Date of shipment

ShipmentAddress Yes Varchar(100) Address of shipment

ShipmentStatus Yes Varchar(15) Status of shipment

Challenges and Solutions

Challenge: Data Consistency

Ensuring data consistency across different modules and external systems posed a
challenge, especially during high-volume transactions and concurrent updates.

Solution:

We implemented transaction management mechanisms within the database and

employed locking mechanisms to prevent data inconsistencies and concurrency issues.
Additionally, regular data validation and reconciliation processes were implemented to
identify and resolve any discrepancies.

Challenge: Schema Evolution

Adapting the database schema to accommodate changes in business requirements and

system enhancements presented challenges in maintaining data integrity and backward
compatibility.
Solution:

We adopted a flexible database design approach, utilizing techniques such as

versioning, migration scripts, and backward-compatible schema changes to manage
schema evolution efficiently. This allowed us to introduce new features and modify
existing data structures without disrupting existing functionality or data integrity.

By addressing these challenges and implementing robust data integration

processes, we ensure that the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule operates
seamlessly within the e-commerce platform, facilitating efficient order management and
fulfillment processes.

Scalability and Performance

Considerations

In the design and implementation of the Order Processing and Fulfillment

submodule, scalability and performance were key considerations to ensure the system
could handle increasing transaction volumes and provide a responsive user experience.
Several strategies were employed to address these concerns:

1. Horizontal Scalability - The system was designed to horizontally scale by

distributing workload across multiple servers or instances. This allows for increased
throughput and fault tolerance as the demand for order processing grows.

2. Efficient Database Queries - Optimized database queries were implemented to

ensure efficient retrieval and manipulation of data. Indexing, query caching, and
query optimization techniques were employed to minimize response times and
resource utilization.

3. Caching Strategies - Caching mechanisms were utilized to reduce database load

and improve response times for frequently accessed data. Product catalog
information, customer details, and frequently queried data were cached using
technologies like Redis or Memcached.

4. Load Balancing - Load balancing techniques were implemented to evenly distribute

incoming requests across multiple servers or instances. This helps prevent any
single server from becoming a bottleneck and ensures consistent performance
under varying loads.
Performance Testing

Performance testing was conducted to evaluate the scalability and responsiveness of

the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule under different load conditions. Various
metrics, including response times, throughput, and resource utilization, were measured
to assess system performance.

Results

· Response Times: The average response time for order processing and fulfillment
remained below 500 milliseconds, even under heavy load conditions.

· Throughput: The system demonstrated the ability to handle a significant increase in

transaction volume, with throughput exceeding 1000 orders per minute without any
noticeable degradation in performance.

· Resource Utilization: CPU and memory utilization remained within acceptable limits
throughout the testing period, indicating efficient resource management and
scalability.

Challenges and Solutions

Challenge: Database Bottlenecks

High database load during peak periods posed a challenge to scalability and
performance.

Solution:

We implemented database sharding and replication techniques to distribute database

load across multiple servers and replicas. This helped alleviate database bottlenecks
and improved overall system scalability and performance.

Challenge: Cache Invalidation

Maintaining data consistency between the cache and the database posed
challenges, particularly when dealing with frequently updated data.

Solution:

We implemented cache invalidation strategies using techniques such as

time-based expiration and event-driven invalidation. This ensured that cached data
remained up-to-date and consistent with the underlying database, minimizing the risk of
stale data.
 By addressing these challenges and implementing scalable and
performance-oriented strategies, the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule
ensures reliable and efficient order management and fulfillment processes, even under
high load conditions.

Security Measures
User Authentication and Authorization

User authentication and authorization are fundamental aspects of the security

framework implemented for the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule. The
following measures ensure secure access control and protect sensitive data:

1. Authentication - Users are required to authenticate themselves using secure

credentials, such as username/password or API keys, before accessing the system.
Authentication mechanisms, including Laravel's built-in authentication system or
OAuth2 protocols, are employed to verify the identity of users.

2. Authorization - Role-based access control (RBAC) is implemented to restrict

access to specific functionalities and resources based on the user's role or
privileges. Fine-grained access controls ensure that users can only perform actions
relevant to their roles, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or misuse of
system resources.

Encryption and Secure Communication

Data encryption and secure communication protocols are essential for protecting
sensitive information and ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged
within the system. The following encryption and security measures are implemented:

1. Transport Layer Security (TLS) - Secure communication channels are established

using TLS encryption protocols (HTTPS) to encrypt data transmitted between clients
and servers. This prevents eavesdropping and tampering of data during transit,
ensuring data privacy and integrity.

2. Data Encryption - Sensitive data, such as user credentials, payment information,

and personal details, are encrypted using strong encryption algorithms (e.g.,
AES-256) before storage in the database. Encryption ensures that even if the
database is compromised, the data remains unreadable and protected.

3. Secure API Communication - API endpoints are secured using authentication

tokens or API keys to authenticate and authorize access. Additionally, API requests
 and responses are encrypted using HTTPS to prevent interception and unauthorized
access to data transmitted over the network.

4. Session Management - Secure session management techniques, such as session

tokens and CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection, are implemented to
prevent session hijacking and unauthorized access to user sessions.

Other Security Measures

1. Input Validation - Input validation and sanitization techniques are employed to

prevent common security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, XSS (Cross-Site
Scripting), and CSRF attacks. User input is validated and sanitized to ensure that
only trusted and sanitized data is processed by the system.

2. Security Auditing and Monitoring - Regular security audits and monitoring

processes are implemented to detect and mitigate security threats and
vulnerabilities. Logging mechanisms are employed to record and monitor user
activities, system events, and security-related incidents for analysis and
investigation.

3. Security Best Practices - The system follows security best practices and
guidelines, including OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project)
recommendations and industry-standard security frameworks, to ensure
comprehensive protection against security threats and vulnerabilities.

By implementing robust security measures, including user authentication and

authorization, encryption, secure communication protocols, and adherence to security
best practices, the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule ensures the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data while mitigating security risks and
threats.
Testing and Validation
Testing Strategy

The testing strategy for the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule
encompasses both unit testing and integration testing to ensure the reliability and
functionality of the system. The following testing approaches are employed:

1. Unit Testing - Individual components, such as controllers, models, and service

classes, are thoroughly tested in isolation using unit testing frameworks like
PHPUnit. This ensures that each component functions correctly and meets its
specified requirements.

2. Integration Testing - Integration tests are conducted to validate the interaction

between different modules and services within the Order Processing and Fulfillment
submodule. This includes testing API endpoints, database interactions, and external
integrations to ensure seamless communication and data flow.

Test Results

Unit Testing Results

· Order Controller: All CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations were
successfully tested, ensuring that orders could be created, updated, retrieved, and
deleted as expected.

· Order Model: Data validation and database interactions were tested to ensure that
order data was correctly stored and retrieved from the database.

Integration Testing Results

· API Endpoint Testing: API endpoints for order placement, status updates, and order
tracking were tested to verify proper functionality and adherence to specifications.

· Database Interaction: Database interactions, including order creation, inventory

updates, and customer data retrieval, were tested to ensure data integrity and
consistency.
Issues Encountered

During testing, several issues were identified and addressed to improve the
reliability and functionality of the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule:

1. Concurrency Issues - Concurrent updates to order data and inventory records

resulted in data inconsistencies and race conditions. This was mitigated by
implementing database transactions and locking mechanisms to ensure data
integrity during simultaneous updates.

2. Error Handling - Insufficient error handling and validation led to unexpected

behavior and system failures in certain scenarios. Improved error handling and
validation logic were implemented to gracefully handle errors and prevent system
crashes.

Contribution to Overall System Reliability

The Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule plays a crucial role in ensuring the
overall reliability of the e-commerce platform. By thoroughly testing each component
and validating system interactions, potential issues and vulnerabilities are identified and
addressed before deployment. This submodule's reliability directly impacts customer
satisfaction by ensuring accurate order processing, timely fulfillment, and transparent
communication. Additionally, robust error handling and validation mechanisms enhance
system resilience and minimize the risk of downtime or service interruptions, thereby
contributing to the platform's overall reliability and stability.
Documentation and User Guide
Overview

Welcome to the documentation and user guide for the Order Processing and
Fulfillment submodule of our e-commerce platform. This guide aims to provide
comprehensive instructions for using and interacting with the Order Processing and
Fulfillment functionality, covering various aspects such as order placement, tracking,
and management.

User Documentation

1. Order Placement

To place an order, follow these steps:

· Log in to your account or create a new account if you're a new user.

· Browse the product catalog and select the items you wish to purchase.

· Add the selected items to your shopping cart.

· Proceed to checkout and enter your shipping and payment information.

· Review your order details and confirm the purchase.

2. Order Tracking

To track your order, follow these steps:

· Log in to your account.

· Navigate to the "Order History" or "My Orders" section.

· Locate the order you wish to track and click on it to view detailed order information.

· You can view the current status of your order, including order processing, shipment,
and delivery status.

· Additionally, you may receive email notifications or SMS alerts with tracking
information as your order progresses.
3. Order Management (Admin)

If you're an administrator or staff member responsible for order management, follow

these steps:

· Log in to the admin dashboard using your credentials.

· Navigate to the "Orders" or "Order Management" section.

· Here, you can view a list of all orders, filter orders by status, and search for specific
orders using order IDs or customer names.

· You can update order status, process refunds, and handle customer inquiries
related to orders.

Technical Documentation

API Endpoints

The Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule exposes the following API endpoints
for integration with external systems:

· /api/orders: Endpoint for retrieving and managing orders.

· /api/inventory: Endpoint for updating inventory levels.

· /api/shipping: Endpoint for retrieving shipping rates and generating shipping labels.

Database Schema

The database schema for the Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule includes the
following tables:

· Orders: Stores information about individual orders, including order ID, customer ID,
order status, and total amount.

· Products: Contains details about products available for purchase, such as product
ID, name, description, price, and inventory levels.

· Customers: Stores customer information, including customer ID, name, email

address, shipping address, and billing address.

· Transactions: Records transaction details for each order, including transaction ID,
payment method, transaction status, and timestamps.
Conclusion

This documentation and user guide provide a comprehensive overview of the

Order Processing and Fulfillment submodule, including instructions for users and
administrators. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize and manage the
order processing and fulfillment functionalities of our e-commerce platform. If you have
any further questions or require assistance, please don't hesitate to contact our support
team.
Appendix Table of Contents

Use Case Diagram I

System Flowchart II

Sequence Diagram III

Entity Relationship Diagram IV

Class Diagram V

Code Snippets VI

User Interface VII

Appendices

User Case Diagram

The diagram depicts a high-level overview of an order processing system,

illustrating the flow of information and interactions between various components. Here's
a breakdown of the key elements:

· Order Details, Shipping Information, Payment Details: These represent the essential
data points captured during order placement.

· Customer, User Admin: These entities interact with the system. The customer
submits orders, while the user admin might handle tasks like order management or
returns processing.

· Message Queue: This component acts as a buffer, temporarily storing order data or
messages to ensure smooth processing even during high traffic.
· Logging System: This records all system activities for auditing and troubleshooting
purposes.

The arrows in the diagram depict the data flow. Once an order is placed, its details are
stored along with shipping and payment information. This data is then fed into the
message queue, which relays it to different parts of the system for processing. The
logging system keeps track of all these actions.

Overall, the diagram provides a simplified view of an order processing system,

highlighting the core data elements, actors, and message flow.
 Flowchart

The flowchart outlines the steps involved in processing an order from the point it
is placed to the point it is delivered to the customer. Here's a breakdown of the key
steps:

Order Preparation

· Check for Confirmed Order: This step verifies if the customer's order has been
confirmed. If not, the process ends.

· Process Order: If the order is confirmed, the system processes it, which likely
involves checking inventory and preparing the order for shipment.
· Logging: Throughout the process, the system logs relevant information for tracking
and record-keeping purposes.

Shipment

· A: Check Product Stock: This step verifies if the ordered items are in stock. If not,
the customer is informed, and the order might be canceled or put on hold.

· B: Is Order Ready for Shipment?: This step checks if the order is complete and
prepared for shipment. If not, it likely goes back to step 2 for further processing.

Delivery

· A: Process Order Shipment: If the order is ready for shipment, this step involves
tasks like packaging, labeling, and arranging for shipment with a carrier.

· B: Inform Customer of Shipment: The customer is notified about the shipment, often
with details like tracking information and estimated delivery date.

· Is Order Received?: Once the package is shipped, the system tracks its delivery
status. If the order is delivered successfully, the process ends.

· No: If the order is not delivered, the system might take further actions like contacting
the shipping carrier or notifying the customer about the issue.

Overall, the flowchart provides a simplified overview of the order processing, shipment,
and delivery process. It highlights the key decision points and the flow of information
between different stages.
 Sequence Diagram

The sequence shows the following steps:

· Customer places an order: The customer selects the products they want to buy and
submits their order.

· Order received: The order is received by the company.

· Payment verification: The company verifies that the customer's payment is valid.

· Inventory check: The company checks to see if the ordered products are in stock.

· Order fulfillment: If the products are in stock, the company picks, packs, and ships
the order.

· Order shipped: The customer is notified that their order has been shipped and they
are given a tracking number.

· Order delivered: The order is delivered to the customer.

· Order complete: The order is complete and the customer can now enjoy their
products.

There are also a few decision points in the flowchart:

· If the customer's payment is not valid, the order is cancelled.

· If the ordered products are not in stock, the customer is notified and they can
choose to wait for the products to come back in stock, cancel their order, or choose
different products.
Entity Relationship Diagram
Entities:

● Product: Represents a product that is available for sale. It has attributes like
ProductID, ProductName, Description, Price, StockQuantity, Manufacturer, and
Category.
● Customer: Represents a customer who places orders. It has attributes like
CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Email, Phone, and Address.
● Order: Represents an order placed by a customer. It has attributes like OrderID,
CustomerID, OrderDate, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount.
● OrderItem: Represents an item in an order. It has attributes like OrderItemID,
OrderID, ProductID, Quantity, and Subtotal.
● Payment: Represents a payment made for an order. It has attributes like
PaymentID, OrderID, PaymentDate, PaymentMethod, and TotalAmount.
● Shipment: Represents the shipment of an order. It has attributes like
ShipmentID, OrderID, ShipmentDate, ShipmentAddress, ShipmentStatus, and
TrackingNumber.

Relationships:

● Customer places Order: A customer can place many orders (one-to-many

relationship).
● Order contains OrderItem: An order can contain many order items
(one-to-many relationship).
● OrderItem references Product: An order item references a product (one-to-one
relationship).
● Order has one Payment: An order has one payment (one-to-one relationship).
● Order has one Shipment: An order has one shipment (one-to-one relationship).

The diagram also shows primary keys (PK) and foreign keys (FK) for each entity.
Primary keys uniquely identify each instance of an entity, while foreign keys link entities
together. For example, the OrderID attribute in the OrderItem entity is a foreign key that
references the OrderID attribute in the Order entity.

Overall, the ERD provides a clear and concise overview of the data model for an order
processing and fulfillment system. It helps to understand how different entities are
related to each other and how data is stored and organized.
 Class Diagram

Initiation:

· Customer places order: This initiates the fulfillment process, triggered by a customer
placing an order through various channels like online store, mobile app, or phone.

· Order received: The order is received by the order management system, capturing
details like items, quantities, shipping address, and customer information.

Processing:

· Payment processing: The system verifies and processes the customer's payment
through a payment gateway. Upon successful payment, the order proceeds to
fulfillment.

· Inventory check: The system checks if sufficient stock is available for ordered items
across warehouses or stores. If stock is unavailable, the system can backorder the
item, offer substitutes, or notify the customer.

· Order allocation: Based on stock availability and location, the system allocates the
order to the optimal fulfillment center or store for picking and packing.
Fulfillment:

· Order picking: Warehouse personnel or store staff pick the allocated items from
designated storage locations, ensuring accuracy and completeness.

· Order packing: Picked items are packed securely using appropriate packaging
materials, considering item fragility, size, and shipping distance.

· Shipment labeling: Shipping labels are generated with accurate address information,
tracking numbers, and any necessary customs documentation.

· Shipment handover: Packed orders are handed over to the designated shipping
carrier for onward transportation.

Delivery:

· Shipment in transit: The shipping carrier transports the order to the customer's
delivery address, adhering to estimated delivery timeframes.

· Delivery and notification: Once delivered, the customer is notified through email,
SMS, or app, often with confirmation details and options to rate the delivery
experience.

Order completion:

· Order delivered: The order is marked as delivered in the system, finalizing the
fulfillment process.

· Returns and exchanges: The system facilitates returns or exchange requests

initiated by the customer, potentially involving reverse logistics and quality checks.

The diagram highlights the interconnectedness of various steps and departments

involved in fulfilling customer orders efficiently. It also emphasizes the importance of
accurate data, inventory management, and effective communication throughout the
process.
Code Snippets

Routes
Schemas: Migrations

Orders table
Order Products

Order Status

Order Logs

Order Updates
Courier

Return Requests

Proof of Delivery
Blade Files

Order Details

Order Invoice
Orders
Return Request
View Orders
Model
Controller
 User Interaction(UI)
Customer Side
1. Order is confirmed after user confirms ordered items

2. Checking orders
3. Order details before shipment confirmed
4. Order details after shipment confirmed

5. Customer receives the status of the order via email.

6. Return procedure for customer after delivered
Admin Side

1. Manage Order Panel

2. Managing customer order details, assigning courier and updating status.
3. Shipping Charges
4. Return request