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Equilibrium Practice Answers

This document provides answers to practice problems related to chemical equilibrium, acid-base equilibria, and titration curves. Some key points covered include: - Equilibrium constants (K) can be used to determine the direction a reaction will shift based on changes in conditions or concentrations. - Acid-base theories of Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry describe acids and bases differently. - Buffers help maintain pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. - Titration curves have different shapes depending on whether a strong or weak acid/base is being titrated with a strong base/acid.

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262 views4 pages

Equilibrium Practice Answers

This document provides answers to practice problems related to chemical equilibrium, acid-base equilibria, and titration curves. Some key points covered include: - Equilibrium constants (K) can be used to determine the direction a reaction will shift based on changes in conditions or concentrations. - Acid-base theories of Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry describe acids and bases differently. - Buffers help maintain pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. - Titration curves have different shapes depending on whether a strong or weak acid/base is being titrated with a strong base/acid.

Uploaded by

akshayddsb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Equilibrium Practice Worksheet (Answers)

1. The percent reaction of a reaction is 70%. Explain whether the equilibrium


favours the reactants or products? What do you expect the magnitude of K to
be? (Favours the products. Expect K value >> 0.)
2. Write an equilibrium constant expression for the reactions below.
a. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) (K = (NH3)2 / (N2)(H2)3)
b. Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) ⇌ BaSO4 (s)+ 2NaNO3 (aq) (K = (NaNO3)2 /
(Ba(NO3)2)(Na2SO4))
3. Determine the Kc for the reaction when 0.9 M of sulfur dioxide and 0.35 M of
oxygen form 1.1 M of sulfur trioxide. (Kc = 4.3)
4. Using the reaction from question 3. Determine which direction the equilibrium
will shift if the Q value is 1 x 10-4. (Will shift move toward the products)
5. If the Kc value for an equilibrium is 3.8 x 10-6, are the products or reactants
favoured? What would the Kc value for the reverse reaction? (2.6 x 105)
6. What would you expect the K value to be for the following graphs? (Would
expect the first graph to have a K value of just above 1 and the second to have
just below 1.)

7. Determine which direction the equilibrium will shift when the following
stresses are added.

2SO3 (g) ⇌ 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ΔH° = 2198 kJ/mol

a. Temperature is increased - right


b. Pressure is decreased - right
c. Oxygen is added - left
d. A catalyst is added - no shift
e. Neon gas is added - no shift
8. Graph the changes when for a, c and d. - (For a show increase in the products,
decrease in reactants. For c should show an upward increase for O2 and then a
rate increase for reactants and rate decrease for products. For c should not see
a change.)
9. Which direction would you expect the equilibrium to shift if NaOH was added to
the reaction below. (Would shift right)
HNO3 (aq) ⇌ H +(aq) + NO3- (aq)

10. The concentration of hydrogen and iodine gas is 0.5 M. Determine the
concentration of HI at equilibrium (0.8 M).
H2 (g) + I2(g)⇌ 2HI (g) K = 64.0
11. If a reaction is found to be proceeding in the reverse reaction toward
equilibrium. How do Q and K compare? (Q>K)
12. A mixture of 0.100 mol of NO, 0.050 mol of H2 and 0.10 mol of H2O are placed in
a 1.0 L vessel. The following equilibrium is established. At equilibrium the
concentration of NO is

0.062 M. 2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ N2(g) + 2 H2O(g)


a. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each species. ([NO] = 0.062
[H2] = 0.012 M [N2,] = 0.019 M [H2O] = 0.0138 M)
b. Determine the magnitude of (Kc - 650)
13. What direction does the equilibrium proceed to when ΔGsys < 0? - (forward
direction / toward products)
14. What is the difference between the description of acid and bases between
Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry? (See notes)
15. Identify the conjugate bases of the following acids.
a. H2SO4 - (HSO4-)
b. CH3COOH - (CH3COO-)
c. H2O - (OH-)
16. Identify the conjugate acid-base pair in the following equation

HCO3.- (acid) + S2- (base) ⇌ HS-(conjugate acid)+ CO32-(aq) (conjugate base)

17. Write an equilibrium constant expression for the following equation.


H2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HSO4-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

(K = ([HSO4-][ H3O+])/[H2SO4])
18. Determine Kb when ka is 6.7 x 10-4. (kb=1.5 x 10-11)
19. True or false. Kw is ALWAYS 1 x 10-14. - false (will change at different
temperatures)
20. If the Kw is 1x10-14 at 25℃, what is the concentration of hydrogen ions? (1 x 10-7
M)
21. What is the pH when 7.00 g of HCl added to 8.00 L of H2O. (pH = 1.61 pOH =
12.39)
22. Which of the following acids would you expect to have the highest conductivity
when dissociated? Explain why.
a. Phosphorous acid
b. Sulfurous acid
c. Hydrochloric acid - strong acid
d. Formic acid
23. Calculate the equilibrium constant at 300 K for the oxidation of iron (K= 2.6 ×
10129)
2
Fe(s) + 3/2O2(g) ⇋ Fe2O3(s)
∆H = -824.2 kJ mol -1
∆S = -270.5 J K 1 mol -1
24. Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka at 298 K for a 0.010 mol dm -3
solution of propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH. The pH of this solution is 3.43. (1.4 ×
10-5 mol dm-3)
25. Predict whether the pH of each of the following salts placed into water is acidic,
basic, or neutral.
a. NaOCl -(basic)
b. KCN- (basic)
c. NH4NO3 - (acidic)
d. NaHCO3 - (basic)
26. Find the pH of a solution of 0.200 M NH4NO3 where (Ka = 1.8 x 10-5). (pH = 4.98)
27. What are some applications of buffers? - maintain pH in blood and water in
aquariums
28. If the concentration of [H+] is 3.4 x 10-4 M at the equivalence point, what is the
[OH-]. - (same)
29. In a titration, a 25.00 mL sample of 0.350 M HCl(aq) is titrated with 0.500 M
NaOH(aq). Determine the amount of unreacted hydrogen ions and the pH of the
sample after 10.00 mL of sodium hydroxide is added. (pH = 0.971 and 3.75
mmol H+)
30. Determine which indicator should be used in each of the following
circumstances.
a. A scientist wants to test how much of an acid can be added to a solution
scientist before the pH of the solution changes to below a certain point.
The starting pH of the solution is 6.0, and the scientist wants to know
when the pH of the solution changes to below 5.0. Which indicator
should be used? (Use IB booklet to determine indicator that shows
colour change in that range ex: Methyl red)
b. You are titrating an acid and base and find that the equivalence point is
at pH 9. (ex: phenolphthalein)
31. A solution is created by adding water to sodium methanoate (NaCHO2 (aq)).
a. Do you expect the pH to become basic or acidic? Write a hydrolysis
reaction to show the resulting products. (basic CHO2- + H2O ⇌ HCHO2 +
OH-)
b. Calculate the pH of a 0.35 M solution of sodium methanoate. (pH = 8.64)
32. What is the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl with
55.0 mL of 0.100 M Ba(OH)2? (pH = 12.43)
33. What is the pH if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl is added to 100. mL of a buffer which is
0.20 M HBrO and 0.20 M NaBrO? (pH 8.38)
34. What is the final pH when 500. mL of 0.100 M of HCl is added to 300. mL of
0.100 M NH3? (pH=1.602)
35. Describe the differences between the titration curves with the following three
situations (see notes)
a. Titrating a strong acid with strong base
b. Titrating a weak acid with strong base
c. Titrating a weak base with a strong base

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