MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS AND BIOETHICS ANNE FAGELSON

PRELIMS - WEEK 1  Prefers to date Medical Technology from the 14th

Century when a prominent Italian physician at
DEFINITION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY the University of Bologna employed one,
RUTH HEINEMANN ALESSANDRA GILIANI to perform tasks now
“The Application of principles of natural, physical under the domain of the medical technology.
and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory  Unfortunately, this young lady died from a
procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of laboratory acquired infection.
diseases.”
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)
ANNE FAGELSON (1961)  Invented and Improved the compound
“The Branch of medicine concerned with the microscope
performance of laboratory determinations and analysis  The first to describe red blood cells, to see
used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to
maintenance of health.” shape.
 Invention of the microscope led to the rapid
THE PHILIPPINE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT progress of microbiology and pathology.
“An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which
deals with the examination of various chemical, MARCELO MALPIGHI (1628-1694)
microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical procedures,  Described as the "GREATEST" of the early
technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, microscopist.
study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of  His work on embryology and anatomy definitely
health in general.” marked him as "THE FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY"

HIPPOCRATES (460 B.C.) RUDOLPH VIRCHOW

 A Greek Physician who formulated the famous  One of the youngest medical specialists
Hippocratic Oath, the code of ethic for practicing  Founded the ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY in BERLIN
physicians. in 1847.
 Father of Medicine
 Described the four "humors" or body fluids in HERMANN FEHLING
man. These four humors or body fluids were felt  Performed the FIRST QUANTITATIVE TEST in
to be the source of a person's disposition and URINE SUGAR in 1848.
disease in ancient times.
MIDDLE OF 15th CENTURY
The Four Humors:  Aniline Dyes were used in staining microorganisms
1. Earth - blood and brain  Bacterial staining and microscopic study on
2. Air - phlegm and lungs bacteria were made possible.
3. Fire - black bile and spleen
4. Water- yellow bile and gall bladder ESTABLISHMENT OF LABORATORIES
FIRST CHEMICAL LABORATORY
VIVIAN HERRICK (1500 B.C.)  Established at the University of Michigan by Dr.
 Traces the beginning of Medical Technology when Douglas (not identified)
intestinal parasites such as TAENIA and ASCARIS  Dr. Douglas pioneered laboratory instruction in
were mentioned in early writings. this well-equipped laboratory.

EBERS PAPYRUS DR. WILLIAM H. WELCH

 A book for treatment of diseases contains 1878
description of the three stages of hookworm  Established another laboratory at the BELLEVUE
infection. HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.
 He gave the first laboratory course in pathology
RUTH WILLIAMS offered in an American Medical School.
 Believes that Medical Technology began from the
MEDIEVAL PERIOD (1096-1438) as supported by 1885
the fact that urinalysis was a fad.  Dr. Welch became the first professor of pathology
 EARLY HINDU DOCTORS made the "Scientific at John Hopkins University.
Observation" that the urine of certain individuals
attract ants, and that such urine has a sweetish FIRST CLINICAL LABORATORY (1896)
taste.  Opened in 1896 at JOHN HOPKINS HOSPITAL by
 QUACKS, calling themselves doctors reaped DR. WILLIAM OSLER
fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the
appearance of the urine.
Mazon, D.M. | BSMT2-B
  In this laboratory, routine examinations were  Instrumentation advanced and these instruments
carried out, special attention being given to the paved the measurement of the intensity of color
search for malarial parasites in the blood. produced.
 Automated equipment appeared and quality
WILLIAM PEPPER LABORATORY control programs became common
 A clinical laboratory was also opened at the
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA in 1896 (WILLIAM Pathology  Clinical Microscopy  Blood Cells, Chem, etc.
PEPPER LABORATORY).
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
DR. JAMES C. TODD (1908) THE 26TH MEDICAL INFANTRY OF THE 6TH US ARMY
 Wrote the book: A MANUAL OF CLINICAL  Introduced the Medical Technology Practice
DIAGNOSIS
 Retitled "CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY QUIRICADA ST., Sta. CRUZ, MANILA
METHODS", in its 6th Edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. (MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH)
Arthur Sanford.  First Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines
 The book became the standard reference for
laboratories. FEBRUARY, 1944.
 The lab (MPHL) offered training programs to high
1919 census school graduates.
 100 technicians, all male were employed in the
UNITED STATES. 1943
 This increased to 3500 in 1920. In  THE US ARMY LEFT in JUNE
 1922, 3035 hospitals had CLINICAL  Endorsed it to the NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF
LABORATORIES. HEALTH
 The Department rendered the laboratory
1915 nonfunctional for some time.
 The State Legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a
law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have DR. PIO DE RODA, OCTOBER 1, 1945
an adequate laboratory and to employ a full time  ORGANIZED MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH
laboratory technician LABORATORY from the remnants of the deserted
laboratory.
WORLD WAR 1 With DR. MARIANO ICASIANO as his assistant and
 It was an impact factor in the growth of clinical who was then the MANILA CITY HEALTH OFFICER.
laboratory and produced a great demand for
technicians. 1947
 The demand for technicians in clinical laboratories  By: Dr. Pio De Roda, Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
continued, so practicing physicians with  Training of high school graduates to work as
knowledge on laboratory works began to teach medical technicians
their assistants to do some of the tests for them.  No period of training was set and No certificates
were given.
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
 One of the First schools for training laboratory 1954
workers was established here.  A 6 months laboratory training with certificate
 A course bulletin titled: "COURSES IN MEDICAL upon completion was given to the trainees.
TECHNOLOGY FOR CLINICAL AND LABORATORY  Dr. Sta. Ana prepared the syllabus for the training
TECHNICIANS" was issued in 1922. program.
 They were the FIRST to offer a DEGREE LEVEL
PROGRAM in 1923. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
 The Training program offered by Dr. Pio De Roda
1931 did not last long.
 DENVER SOCIETY OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS  The FIRST B.S. Degree course in Medical
was organized. Technology was offered by the PHILIPPINE UNION
COLLEGE and MANILA SANITARIUM.
1936  After 2 years, PUC produced its first graduate, Dr.
 AMERICAN BOARD OF PATHOLOGY established. Jesse Umali, now a successful OB-Gynecologist.

WORLD WAR 2 S.Y. 1957-1958

 Marked effects in laboratory medicine  Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the
 The use of blood increased and the "closed FACULTY OF PHARMACY, UNIVERSITY OF STO.
system" of blood collection was widely used. TOMAS offered medical technology as an elective
th th
subject to 4 and 5 year B.S. Pharmacy students.
Mazon, D.M. | BSMT2-B
REV., FR. LORENZO RODRIGUEZ
 Decided to offer MedTech as a course because of
the popularity of medical technology among
pharmacy students.

JUNE 17, 1957

 Temporary permit was issued by the DepEd, for
first to third year students.

JUNE 1960
 The permit for the internship program was issued.

June 14, 1961

 Full recognition of the 4 year B.S. Medical
technology course was given on June 14, 1961.

Many schools followed to offer B.S. Medical Technology

course.
DECS and CHED
 47 colleges and universities offering the course.

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

 Offers a similar course but the degree being
conferred in B.S. Public Health

POST GRADUATE STUDIES

 Offered to B.S. Medical Technology graduates

MS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
 UST Graduate School
 Philippine Women's University
 Manila Central University

MS in Public Health (one year, non-thesis degree)

 University of the Philippines

Mazon, D.M. | BSMT2-B