Menu

Login
Tutorialspoint

Menu
Search tutorials, courses and ebooks...
HTML
CSS
Javascript
SQL
Python
Java
C
C++
PHP
Scala
C#
Node.Js
MySQL
MongoDB
PL/SQL
Swift
Bootstrap
R
Machine Learning
Blockchain
Angular
React Native
Computer Fundamentals
Compiler Design
Operating System
Data Structure And Algorithms
Computer Network
DBMS
Excel
Computer Concepts Tutorial
Computer Concepts - Home
Introduction to Computer
Introduction to GUI based OS
Elements of Word Processing
Spread Sheet
Introduction to Internet, WWW, Browsers
Communication & Collaboration
Application of Presentations
Application of Digital Financial Services
Computer Concepts Resources
Computer Concepts - Quick Guide
Computer Concepts - Useful Resources
Computer Concepts - Discussion
Selected Reading
UPSC IAS Exams Notes
Developer's Best Practices
Questions and Answers
Effective Resume Writing
HR Interview Questions
Computer Glossary
Who is Who

Representation of Data/Information
Computer does not understand human language. Any data, viz., letters, symbols,
pictures, audio, videos, etc., fed to computer should be converted to machine language
first. Computers represent data in the following three forms −

Number System
We are introduced to concept of numbers from a very early age. To a computer,
everything is a number, i.e., alphabets, pictures, sounds, etc., are numbers. Number
system is categorized into four types −

Binary number system consists of only two values, either 0 or 1

Octal number system represents values in 8 digits.

Decimal number system represents values in 10 digits.

Hexadecimal number system represents values in 16 digits.

Number System
SystemBase Digits
Binary 2 01
Octal 8 01234567
Decimal 10 0123456789
Hexadecimal 16 0123456789ABCDEF
ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT
Bits and Bytes
Bits − A bit is a smallest possible unit of data that a computer can recognize or use.
Computer usually uses bits in groups.

Bytes − group of eight bits is called a byte. Half a byte is called a nibble.

Bits and Bytes

The following table shows conversion of Bits and Bytes −

Byte Value Bit Value

1 Byte 8 Bits
1024 Bytes 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes 1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes 1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes 1 Exabyte
1024 Exabytes1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabytes 1 Yottabyte
1024 Yottabytes 1 Brontobyte
1024 Brontobytes 1 Geopbytes
ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT
Text Code
Text code is format used commonly to represent alphabets, punctuation marks and
other symbols. Four most popular text code systems are −

EBCDIC
ASCII
Extended ASCII
Unicode
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code is an 8-bit code that defines 256
symbols. Given below is the EBCDIC Tabular column

EBCDIC
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an 8-bit code that specifies
character values from 0 to 127.

ASCII Tabular column

ASCII Code Decimal Value Character

0000 0000 0 Null prompt
0000 0001 1 Start of heading
0000 0010 2 Start of text
0000 0011 3 End of text
0000 0100 4 End of transmit
0000 0101 5 Enquiry
0000 0110 6 Acknowledge
0000 0111 7 Audible bell
0000 1000 8 Backspace
0000 1001 9 Horizontal tab
0000 1010 10 Line Feed
Extended ASCII
Extended American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an 8-bit code that
specifies character values from 128 to 255.

Extended ASCII Tabular column

Extended ASCII
Unicode
Unicode Worldwide Character Standard uses 4 to 32 bits to represent letters, numbers
and symbol.

Unicode Tabular Column

Unicode
Kickstart Your Career
Get certified by completing the course

Get Started

Print Page
Previous
Next
Advertisements
tutorials point logo
Tutorials Point is a leading Ed Tech company striving to provide the best learning
material on technical and non-technical subjects.

Download Android App

Download IOS App
About us
Company
Our Team
Careers
Jobs
Become a Teacher
Affiliates
Contact Us
Terms
Terms of use
Privacy Policy
Refund Policy
Cookies Policy
FAQ's
Our Products
Free Library
Articles
Coding Ground
Certifications
Courses
eBooks
Corporate Training
Free Web Graphics
Contact Us
Tutorials Point India Private Limited, Incor9 Building, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur,
Hyderabad, Telangana - 500081, INDIA
© Copyright 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Menu
Login
Tutorialspoint

Menu
Search tutorials, courses and ebooks...
HTML
CSS
Javascript
SQL
Python
Java
C
C++
PHP
Scala
C#
Node.Js
MySQL
MongoDB
PL/SQL
Swift
Bootstrap
R
Machine Learning
Blockchain
Angular
React Native
Computer Fundamentals
Compiler Design
Operating System
Data Structure And Algorithms
Computer Network
DBMS
Excel
Computer Concepts Tutorial
Computer Concepts - Home
Introduction to Computer
Introduction to GUI based OS
Elements of Word Processing
Spread Sheet
Introduction to Internet, WWW, Browsers
Communication & Collaboration
Application of Presentations
Application of Digital Financial Services
Computer Concepts Resources
Computer Concepts - Quick Guide
Computer Concepts - Useful Resources
Computer Concepts - Discussion
Selected Reading
UPSC IAS Exams Notes
Developer's Best Practices
Questions and Answers
Effective Resume Writing
HR Interview Questions
Computer Glossary
Who is Who

Representation of Data/Information
Computer does not understand human language. Any data, viz., letters, symbols,
pictures, audio, videos, etc., fed to computer should be converted to machine language
first. Computers represent data in the following three forms −

Number System
We are introduced to concept of numbers from a very early age. To a computer,
everything is a number, i.e., alphabets, pictures, sounds, etc., are numbers. Number
system is categorized into four types −

Binary number system consists of only two values, either 0 or 1

Octal number system represents values in 8 digits.

Decimal number system represents values in 10 digits.

Hexadecimal number system represents values in 16 digits.

Number System
SystemBase Digits
Binary 2 01
Octal 8 01234567
Decimal 10 0123456789
Hexadecimal 16 0123456789ABCDEF
ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT
Bits and Bytes
Bits − A bit is a smallest possible unit of data that a computer can recognize or use.
Computer usually uses bits in groups.

Bytes − group of eight bits is called a byte. Half a byte is called a nibble.

Bits and Bytes

The following table shows conversion of Bits and Bytes −

Byte Value Bit Value

1 Byte 8 Bits
1024 Bytes 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes 1 Terabyte
1024 Terabytes 1 Petabyte
1024 Petabytes 1 Exabyte
1024 Exabytes1 Zettabyte
1024 Zettabytes 1 Yottabyte
1024 Yottabytes 1 Brontobyte
1024 Brontobytes 1 Geopbytes
ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT
Text Code
Text code is format used commonly to represent alphabets, punctuation marks and
other symbols. Four most popular text code systems are −

EBCDIC
ASCII
Extended ASCII
Unicode
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code is an 8-bit code that defines 256
symbols. Given below is the EBCDIC Tabular column

EBCDIC
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an 8-bit code that specifies
character values from 0 to 127.

ASCII Tabular column

ASCII Code Decimal Value Character

0000 0000 0 Null prompt
0000 0001 1 Start of heading
0000 0010 2 Start of text
0000 0011 3 End of text
0000 0100 4 End of transmit
0000 0101 5 Enquiry
0000 0110 6 Acknowledge
0000 0111 7 Audible bell
0000 1000 8 Backspace
0000 1001 9 Horizontal tab
0000 1010 10 Line Feed
Extended ASCII
Extended American Standard Code for Information Interchange is an 8-bit code that
specifies character values from 128 to 255.

Extended ASCII Tabular column

Extended ASCII
Unicode
Unicode Worldwide Character Standard uses 4 to 32 bits to represent letters, numbers
and symbol.
Unicode Tabular Column

Unicode
Kickstart Your Career
Get certified by completing the course

Get Started

Print Page
Previous
Next
Advertisements
tutorials point logo
Tutorials Point is a leading Ed Tech company striving to provide the best learning
material on technical and non-technical subjects.

Download Android App

Download IOS App
About us
Company
Our Team
Careers
Jobs
Become a Teacher
Affiliates
Contact Us
Terms
Terms of use
Privacy Policy
Refund Policy
Cookies Policy
FAQ's
Our Products
Free Library
Articles
Coding Ground
Certifications
Courses
eBooks
Corporate Training
Free Web Graphics
Contact Us
Tutorials Point India Private Limited, Incor9 Building, Kavuri Hills, Madhapur,
Hyderabad, Telangana - 500081, INDIA
© Copyright 2023. All Rights Reserved.