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Methodology Glocometer

This document outlines the methodology for a non-invasive glucose detection system using infrared LEDs and photodiodes. The system will be divided into three parts: glucose detection using infrared LED, microcontroller and data analysis, and display using LCD. Glucose levels will be measured using near-infrared spectroscopy and the absorption of infrared light at wavelengths between 1100-1850nm and 2050-2392nm. A photodiode will convert the attenuated infrared light signals into voltages, which will be processed by a microcontroller and used to determine glucose concentrations.

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25 views2 pages

Methodology Glocometer

This document outlines the methodology for a non-invasive glucose detection system using infrared LEDs and photodiodes. The system will be divided into three parts: glucose detection using infrared LED, microcontroller and data analysis, and display using LCD. Glucose levels will be measured using near-infrared spectroscopy and the absorption of infrared light at wavelengths between 1100-1850nm and 2050-2392nm. A photodiode will convert the attenuated infrared light signals into voltages, which will be processed by a microcontroller and used to determine glucose concentrations.

Uploaded by

mukisa6ivan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methodology

The work is going to be divided into three major parts namely;

 Glucose detection using infrared LED,


 Microcontroller and data analysis
 Display using LCD.

In designing the non-invasive system, near-infrared spectroscopy method is going to be used.


The absorption coefficient of the glucose concentration in the blood in the near infrared region is
0.7%/33 nM and the absorption coefficient decreases with an increase in the concentration of
glucose. The wavelengths of infrared that is suitable for glucose level measuring are between
1100 nm to 1850 nm and 2050 nm to 2392 nm. Therefore, the source of light (photodiode)
employed must have the wavelength of this range. The concentration of glucose can affect the
rate of absorption of NIR light. As a result of this, glucose concentration can be determined from
the various waveforms detected by the photodiodes . The glucose concentrations are divided into
three classes, namely; hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and normal blood glucose level and the
colour indicators namely yellow, red and green shall be allocated to the three classes
respectively.

Glucose detection using infrared LED

Determination of glucose concentration As an absorbance measurement, a photodiode will


receive the light. Photodiodes are photo-detector that convert the light into voltage signals. the
possible options of photodiode are either indium gallium arsenide or lead (II) sulfide based on
their wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum wavelength which makes the glucose detection
possible. For the purpose of this project, the indium gallium arsenide shall be implemented due
to the closeness of its wavelength range to glucose absorbance spectrum 800-2500 nm

Photodiode material and their respective electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths

Material Electromagnetic spectrum wavelength range (nm)


Silicon 190-1100
Germanium 400-1700
Indium gallium arsenide 800 – 2600
Lead (II) sulfide <1000 - 3500
Microcontroller and data analysis

The microcontroller with a voltage supply between 7 to 12 V is going to be used.

the supply voltages from microcontroller will be used to bias both the LED and photodiode. The
transmittance spectroscopy method involves a light source and a light detector positioned on
either side of the ear lobe. The amount of near infrared light passing through the ear lobe
depends on the amount of blood glucose in that region as high glucose concentration impedes the
transmission of the infrared light and vice versa.. The attenuated signal will be sampled and
processed. An RC low pass filter will also be connected to the output of the photodiode to reduce
high frequency noise. The output of the photodiode will be used as input for microcontroller. The
range of values for various glucose levels will be programmed on the microcontroller. The light
transmitters and receptors around a wavelength of 1550 nm are relatively cost effective as
compared to other wavelengths with equal or higher response to glucose

Sensing and circuit operations

The photodiode signals will be fed into an amplifier to amplify the weak NIR signals

Analog-to-Digital Converter in conjunction with an analog multiplexer will be used for


sampling the sensed signals.

Theoretical and design consideration

Vo=P× Rλ× RL

The general Beer-Lambert law is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of
an absorbing species and is usually written as; A=ϵ × l× c

Where; ϵ = molar extinction coefficient ℓ = path length or thickness of the finger c =


concentration

Concentration of glucose Minimum voltage (mV) Maximum voltage (mV)


(mg/dL)
50 1727 1765
100 1727 1785
150 1760 1801
200 1795 1839
250 1830 1860
300 1875 1891

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