Choose the letter of the best answer (PRE-TEST)

1. It is an occasion within the Earth’s crust along which significant

movement has taken place.

a. dip c. epicenter

SCIENCE 8 b. fault d focus

2. When does an earthquake occur?

Quarter 2 - Module 1
Earthquake and Faults
a. when rocks along a fault c. when two big vehicles collide
suddenly move
b. when a building collapse d. when great flood occur
near the river bank
3. It refers to the results of the earthquake on people, structures, and also
the surroundings.

a. energy line c. epicenter

b. intensity d. magnitude
4. It's a scale accustomed to identify the intensity of an earthquake.

a. numbers c. hindu-arabic
b. letter dots d. roman numerals
5. It's the energy that's released in an earthquake.

a. energy line c. epicenter

b. intensity d. magnitude
6. The purpose where movement occurred which triggered the earthquake
is that the

a. dip c. epicenter
b. fault d. focus
7. A wide array could be a break within the Earth’s crust along which
significant movement has taken place.

Published by the Department of Education a. dip c. epicenter

b. fault d line
8. ________________ implies that the rocks are displaced or shifted
considerably.

a. dip movement c. epicenter movement

 b. fault movement d. significant movement
9. It refers to the place where the fault begins to slip.

a. dip c. fault line

b. focus d. epicenter
10.What agency in our country that's chargeable for monitoring and
observing earthquake and tsunami occurrence?

a. PAGASA c. PHILVOLCS
b. DENR d. DFA

LESSON 1. EARTHQUAKE AND FAULTS

After doing all the activities, you will be able to:

1. Using models or Illustration, explain how movements along faults generate
earthquakes Compare Figure 1 Is there
Activity 1 – Where’s the Fault? Events on how something in Do you see
Observe carefully the figures below. Answer the questions that follow on land cracks on Figure 1 - that is anything similar
page 2 and write them in the box. Write your answer in the box provided. page 1 and Figure similar to what is to Figure 1 aqnd
2 An example of formed in Figure Figure 2?
a fault 2?
WRITE YOUR ANSWER HERE

Figure 1. Events on how land cracks

Land is represented by a box. A is the starting point. The two parallel lines
represent the event that may happen while B, C and D show how a crack
forms in the box.
Figure 2. An example of a fault.
(Image courtesy of the GEER Association and National Science Foundation)
Figure 3.San Andreas Fault
This picture shows the San Andreas Fault in California. Francois ohier/Photo Figure 4. A box of sand.
Researchers, Inc. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved. Q1. There are two parallel cracks form in the sand. If you continue to pull, what occurrence will likely to
happen?
A fault is a break in the Earth’s crust, and along the break, significant movement has taken __________________________________________________________________________________
place. ________________________________________________________________
The word break refers to a crack in the ground while crust refers to the outermost layer of the Q2. What happen/s when the ground is pulled apart by forces within the Earth?
Earth. We live on the surface of the crust. __________________________________________________________________________________
Significant movement means that the rocks have been displaced or shifted considerably. This is shown ________________________________________________________________
in Figure 2
Now, this time observe what happen if the box were pushed toward each
Activity 2 – When Fault Move other.
A box of sand are pulled outward as shown in A. The covers are
pulled outward and cracks are formed on the box at point B. With more
outward pulling, the sand inside the box subsides. Observe carefully.
Figure 5. At A the box of sand are pushed towards the center. At point B a tiny hump
is formed at the middle. And at C shows the hump as seen from another angle.
Q3. What is the direction of movement? What is formed?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ After performing the activities, you should be able to differentiate:
1. Epicenter of an earthquake from its focus;
Q4. In the real world, a ____________ is formed when the ground is squeezed by forces from inside 2. Intensity of an earthquake from its magnitude; and
the Earth. A portion of the land is pushed up, and _____________________are formed. 3. Active and inactive faults.
Activity 2 – Where Does an Earthquake Start?
LESSON 2: Earthquake: Focus, Intensity, Magnitude Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to
and Active and Inactive Faults differentiate between focus and epicenter
Differentiate the 1 epicenter of an earthquake from its focus; 2 intensity of an earthquake from its to investigate the difference between the magnitude and intensity of an earthquake.
magnitude; 3 active and inactive faults Materials:
Activity 1 – Earth-Quick to Find Matchboxes (or DIY box with the same size)
Direction: Complete the words puzzle below, before you proceed to the next 3 stones of different sizes (small, medium, large)
activity. Table or cardboard DIY table
Procedure:
1. Get 10 empty matchboxes, 3 stones assorted sizes (small, medium, large)
2. Pile empty matchboxes one on top of the other alternative in groups of 5.
3. Place one pile near one end of the table and also the opposite pile at the other alternative end.

4.Using a stone, strike one pile under the table. Observe the movement of the matchboxes in
each pile.
 5. Repeat using the two other stones one at a time. are called seismologists. There are two major scales during which earthquakes are measured. The
6. Observe the movement of the matchboxes as soon as you strike the pile with a stone. magnitude of a particular earthquake is also one number that does not vary from place to position.
Magnitude is that the entire energy released by an earthquake at its focus.
Earthquakes of giant magnitude are stronger and typically more destructive than those of
Figure 13. Matchboxes on the table. small magnitude. The Ritcher Scale measures earthquake magnitude. The intensity of an earthquake is
measured in terms of its geological effects and so the general damage it brings. Away from the
epicenter, the intensity of an earthquake becomes weaker. The scale measures the intensity of
Answer these:
shaking. The Intensity and the magnitudes measurement are always corresponding to each other.
An earthquake may be described in two ways: intensity and magnitude. The intensity of an
1. What happened once you struck the table at one end? earthquake gives us an idea of how strong or weak the shaking is. The Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) use the following scale to describe the intensity of
earthquakes in the Philippines.
2. Which pile showed stronger movement? Why? However consequences accompanying any faults. Assume a residence was constructed on a
fault. As the spot displaces slowly, portions of the residence will be stirred. The ground will fracture,
openings will not shut, and the roof may begin to drip. It is essential to perceive the spot of active faults,
3. Which pile showed the littlest the tiniest movement? Why? as what you had observed in lesson1 activity 1 and 2.
Considerably, no significant constructions should be constructed near or on them.
PHIVOLCS has a diagram that displays the active faults in the Philippines. An active fault is one that
4. Which stone caused the strongest movement? has moved in the past and is suspected to move again.
Experts adopt various techniques to uncover out if a fault is active. One is by reviewing the
countries past recordings. Archaeologists periodically record about disruptive incidents such as
5. Which stone caused the weakest movement? earthquakes. Another is by analyzing the oscillations, former and today that come from faults.
Nevertheless different method is by inspecting the surroundings. For example, a fault may meet a path
and because of that, the road is displaced. Either a fault may cast over a river or the river current is
then changed. Or a fault may slice through mountains and form cliffs. This is not to say that anyone can
From the activity, Where Does an Earthquake Start? spot an active fault.

6. _____________________ represents Focus.

7. ________________________represents Epicentre.

8. _________________________ Intensity.

9. _________________________ Magnitude.

10. __________________________ Earth crust.

Earthquakes are vibrations or tremors produced within the earth’s outer layer or crust. An
earthquake is tectonic. It occurs when parts of the earth’s crust break and also the rocks together with
a fault slide near each other or far away from each other. This is often called faulting. An earthquake
could also be volcanic. Tremors are often produced to signal an upcoming discharge at this vicinity or
region.
The pressure makes the rocks move. The place where the earthquake originates is called
focus. The earth’s surface directly above the focus is called an epicenter. The seismic waves travel
outward from the focus in all direction when energy is released.. Scientists or experts during this field
 A. The __________________ of an earthquake is determined by observing the effects of the
_________________ in different places. Houses, buildings, and other structures are inspected. People
are interviewed about what the intensity of an earthquake is determined by observing the
_____________ of the earthquake in different places. Houses, buildings, and other structures are
_______________. People are interviewed about what they saw (the cabinet fell over), how
they ________________ (I was frightened), or what they did (I ran out of the house).

B. Another way of describing the strength of an earthquake is by _______________. Recall that

as rocks bend along a fault, energy is stored little by little. When the rocks suddenly snap, the
_____________________ is released.
The released energy can be calculated by scientists and is called the magnitude of the
earthquake. The greater the magnitude, the stronger the earthquake. To distinguish the two, intensity
Activity 3: Modelling Active and Inactive Fault is expressed using _______________ (I, II, III) while magnitude uses ____________________s (2, 3,
Figure 15. The Fault Model consists of two pieces that fit together. 4).
Figure 16. The model shows different fault movements of Earth ground. Earthquakes with a magnitude of ______ may or may not be felt. Those that are felt by most
people have a magnitude of _____. Magnitude ____ quakes can lead to a lot of damage in highly
Sideward movement was illustrated in model A and B while vertical movement was shown on models C populated areas.
and D. In Model C, a portion of the ground dropped down, forming a low area. In Model D, part of the Earthquakes with a magnitude of ______ can cause severe damage. A magnitude
ground was raised, forming a high region. ___________ quake results in widespread destruction, especially near the epicenter. Luckily, only
____________occur every year.
Q1. Create your own model to show different types of movement along a fault.
___________________________________________________________________ C. Do You Live Near an Active Fault?
Using the “Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines, enumerate at least 5
Q2. How would the surroundings be affected?
Active Fault and 5 Inactive Fault surrounding Mindanao.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Summary
A fault is a break in the Earth’s crust, and along the break, significant movement has taken
place. Its movement can be described along the fault in the horizontal direction. That is, the ground
How Strong is the Earthquake? moves sideways. On the other hand, if ground will be observed to move up or down the movement in
Directions: Do the following thought exercise. Justify your answer based on the fault model. the vertical direction. An earthquake is a vibration of the Earth due to the rapid release of energy. The
Suppose an earthquake occurred in Mindanao. Would the intensity be the same all over the place where the earthquake starts is called the focus, along the fault plane. The spot on the surface of
Philippines? the Earth that is directly above the focus is called the epicenter. The strength/energy of an earthquake
__________________________________________________________________________________ is called the magnitude. The strength of the movement of an earthquake of (how strong or weak is the
______________________________________________ shaking) is called the intensity.
When an earthquake occurs, where would shaking be greater? Near the epicentre or away from the Scientists use different ways to find out if a fault is active. One is by checking the country’s
epicentre? Where would damage be more? Near the epicentre or away from the epicentre? historical records. Another is by studying the vibrations, past and present that come from faults. Still
__________________________________________________________________________________ another way is by observing the surroundings. Or a fault may cut across a stream and the stream
______________________________________________ channel is then shifted. Or a fault may slice through mountains and form cliffs.
Based on your answers to Questions A and B, where would the intensity be higher? Near the
epicentre or away from the epicentre? Assessment (Post-Test)
__________________________________________________________________________________ Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
______________________________________________
1. Earthquakes are a phenomenon in Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the Philippines.
Direction: Read and fill in the blank Why is that so?
a. Japan, Indonesia, and therefore the Philippines are positioned near the
equator.
 b. Japan, Indonesia, and also the Philippines are located within the Pacific Ring of d. It slows down and grows tall.
fire side. 11. What is the term to describe Intensity VII?
c. Japan, Indonesia, and also the Philippines are circled by seas. a. Devastating c. Very strong
d. Japan, Indonesia, and also the Philippines are thought archipelagic countries. b. Strong d. Destructive
2. What will most are anticipated to occur every moment a fault slips? 12. The release of energy of an earthquake refers to?
a. There will be no movement in the slightest degree. a. Focus c. Intensity
b. The rocks are held together. b. Epicenter d. Magnitude
c. The rocks will swiftly slip and can create an earthquake.
d. There will be moving immediately. 13. Which of the subsequent is/are true about tsunamis?
3. Scientists use alternative ways to seek out if a fault is active. Which one isn't a. It is associated with tides.
included? b. It is because of the upward movement of rock at the seafloor.
a. Scientists checked the country’s account. c. It is a large wave.
b. Scientists observed the environment. d. It is because of the upward movement of rock toward land.
c. Scientists created a fault model 14. Energy from the within the world makes the bottom move. Which of the subsequent
d. Scientists studied the past and present vibrations. is that the reason why there's no movement right away?
4. An earthquake happens along a line. Which of the subsequent isn't true about a. There is no movement immediately thanks to the bending of the rocks.
faults? b. The rapid release of energy causes a delay within the movement of the
a. It is found toward land. bottom.
b. It is where fault cyclone starts. c. There is no movement instantly thanks to the vibrations of the rocks.
c. It will be found under the ocean. d. Friction causes a delay within the movement of the bottom.
d. It is an opportunity within the Earth’s crust. 15. Scientists use other ways to explain how powerful an earthquake is. Which method
5. What does one call the spot above the main focus on the surface of the Earth? refers to noting the results of the earthquake on people, structure, and also the
a. crust c. epicenter surroundings?
b. wave d. magnitude a. Intensity c. Magnitud
6. Which of the subsequent refers to the place where the earthquakes start? b. Focus d. Epicenter
a. fault plane c. fault
b. focus d. epicenter Magnitude, earthquakes, effects,
7. What office in our country that's answerable for monitoring and observing destroyed, survived, magnitude,
earthquake and tsunami occurrence? stored energy, Roman numeral,
a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR ) Hindu Arabic, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8&9, 1
b. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
c. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology(PHILVOLCS)
d. Department of Food and Authority(DFA)
8. Not every fault movement beneath the ocean will produce a tsunami. Which of the
subsequent fault movements will lead to such an occurrence?
a. String movement b. Vertical movement c. Sideward movement
d. Horizontal movement
9. What does one call the phenomenon that refers to the fast movement between two
sides of a fault wherein the friction is overcome leading to a sudden movement or
shaking of the ground?
a. stick-bend c. stick-slip
b. stick-vibrate d. stick-shake
10. When the tsunami reaches the shore what could happen?
a. The wave accelerates and grows tall.
b. The wave breaks down.
c. The wave races.