Python Operators

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 Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Operator Description Syntax
+ Addition: adds two operands x+y

- Subtraction: subtracts two operands x-y

* Multiplication: multiplies two operands x*y

/ Division (float): divides the first operand by the second x/y

// Division (floor): divides the first operand by the second x // y

Modulus: returns the remainder when first operand is divided by the

% x%y
second

** Power : Proprietary
Returns content.
first© Great
raisedLearning. All Rights Reserved.
to power second Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited. x ** y
Arithmetic operators Examples
Input: a = 9, b = 4 Output:

• # Addition of numbers • 13
add = a + b
• # Subtraction of numbers • 5
sub = a - b
• # Multiplication of number • 36
mul = a * b
• # Division(float) of number • 2.25
div1 = a / b
• # Division(floor) of number • 2
div2 = a // b
• # Modulo of both number • 1
mod = a % b
• # Power • 6561
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p = a ** b
Logical operators
Logical operators perform Logical AND, Logical OR and Logical
NOT operations.

Operator Description Syntax

Logical AND: True if both the operands are
and x and y
true

Logical OR: True if either of the operands is

or x or y
true

not Logical NOT: True if operand is false not x

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Logical operators Examples
• Input: Output:
a = True
b = False
False
• # Print a and b is False
• print(a and b)

• # Print a or b is True True

• print(a or b)

• # Print not a is False

• print(not a) False
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Bitwise operators
Bitwise operators acts on bits and performs bit by bit operation.

Operator Description Syntax

& Bitwise AND x&y

| Bitwise OR x|y

~ Bitwise NOT ~x

^ Bitwise XOR x^y

>> Bitwise right shift x>>

<< Bitwise left shift x<<

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Examples of Bitwise operators
Input: a = 10, b = 4 Output:

• # Print bitwise AND operation

• 0
print(a & b)

• # Print bitwise OR operation • 14

print(a | b)

• # Print bitwise NOT operation • -11

print(~a)

• # print bitwise XOR operation • 14

print(a ^ b)

• # print bitwise right shift operation • 2

print(a >> 2)

• 40
• # print bitwise left shift operation
print(a << 2)

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 Keywords

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yield
• yield is used inside a function like a return statement. But yield returns a generator.
• Generator is an iterator that generates one item at a time. A large list of values will
take up a lot of memory. Generators are useful in this situation as it generates only
one value at a time instead of storing all the values in memory. For example,
g = (2**x for x in range(100))
will create a generator g which generates powers of 2 up to the number two raised to
the power 99. We can generate the numbers using the next() function as shown below.
next(g) Output:1
next(g) Output:2
next(g) Output:4
next(g) Output:8
next(g) Output:16
And so on… This type of generator is returned by the yield statement from a function.

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Example of Yield
• def generator():
for i in range(6):
yield i*i
g = generator()
for i in g:
print(i)
Output
0
1
4
9
16
25
Here, the function generator() returns a generator that generates square of numbers from 0 to 5. This is printed in
the for loop.
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lambda
• lambda is used to create an anonymous function (function with no name). It is an
inline function that does not contain a return statement. It consists of an
expression that is evaluated and returned. For example:
a = lambda x: x*2
for i in range(1,6):
print(a(i))
Output
2
4
6
8
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10
async, await
• The async and await keywords are provided by the asyncio library in
Python. They are used to write concurrent code in Python.
• For example:
import asyncio
async def main():
print('Hello')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
print('world')

To run the program, we use:

• asyncio.run(main())
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finally
• finally is used with try…except block to close up resources or file streams.
• Using finally ensures that the block of code inside it gets executed even if there is an unhandled
exception. For example:
• try:
Try-block
except exception1:
Exception1-block
except exception2:
Exception2-block
else: Else-block
finally: Finally-block

• Here if there is an exception in the Try-block, it is handled in the except or else block. But no
matter in what order the execution flows, we can rest assured that the Finally-block is executed
even if there is an error. This is useful in cleaning up the resources.
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assert
• assert is used for debugging purposes.
• While programming, sometimes we wish to know the internal state or check if our
assumptions are true. assert helps us do this and find bugs more
conveniently. assert is followed by a condition.
• If the condition is true, nothing happens. But if the condition is
false, AssertionError is raised. For example:
a=4
assert a < 5
assert a > 5
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 301, in runcode File "<interactive
input>", line 1, in <module> AssertionError

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Break and continue
• break and continue are used inside for and while loops to alter their
normal behavior.
• break will end the smallest loop it is in and control flows to the
statement immediately below the loop. continue causes to end the
current iteration of the loop, but not the whole loop.

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Continue Break

• for i in range(1,11): • for i in range(1,11):

if i == 5: if i == 5:
continue break
print(i)
print(I)
Output Output
1 1
2
2
3
3 4
4
6
7
8
9
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