Ali El Rifai

Assignment 3

E123737
School of Technology
Seasonal Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies
Smart Energy

Vaasa 2023
• Overview
The biggest challenge in wind integration is to take advantage of uncertain and variable
energy sources, in addition to achieving a balance between energy consumption and
production and achieving reliability in the energy system. There are currently huge efforts
and experience about energy systems that work in the field of wind energy and wind
integration, and they have already presented many studies that show the effects of wind
energy. Power devices are equipped to be able to deal with the different consumption and
the uncertainty of the load required for electricity consumption. Forecasting of short-term
winds is required to manage large amounts of wind force. Infrastructure investments.
Efficiency losses and uncertainty in the power system are the primary impacts of wind
integration.

• Introduction
Wind energy is a renewable and growing energy all over the world, as it has high technical
potential. However, the incorporation of variable and uncertain winds into the power
system is still one of the limitations for use as a high energy potential. The biggest
challenge of using wind energy to power an electrical system is the reliability of the system
and balancing the load and generation. The determination of fusion depends on the
required level of penetrating wind energy to be used in the energy system. Wind energy
penetration is expressed using several metrics such as power or capacity measures.
Annual wind energy production is used as a percentage of the electrical energy
consumption during the year and the installed wind energy capacity as a percentage of
the load. There is already experience about the operating power of the systems, and these
systems have reached a penetration power ranging from 10% to 20%.
• The challenge of wind power to the power system
The primary goal of energy operations is to maintain a balance between load and
generation with high reliability.
There are some Impacts of wind power on power systems. These effects occur in different
regions, as it can be in a local area (10-50 Km) such as, power quality, distribution
efficiency and voltages. These impacts can also occur in regional areas (100-1000 Km),
such as transmission efficiency, grid stability and adequacy of the grid. It can also appear
in a System wide area (1000–5000 km) such as, primary reverse, secondary reverse, and
reduced emissions. The effect will also be different according to the timescale. Effects can
be seen during the process (seconds to days). For example, you can see effects of
adequacy of power and adequacy of grid in years. The effects of the transmission
efficiency and distribution efficiency can be seen from minutes to hours. It must be
considered when thinking and planning for the adequacy of the use of capacity and
transportation network for future generations in the coming years.
The integration cost is the additional cost of the design. Operation of the non-wind part
of the system when wind energy is integrated into the power generation system. Usually,
the cost of integration with wind depends on the strength of the wind, however, other
generations can also cause integration costs with increased transmission and the increase
in contingency reserve to accommodate a large unit. The cost of wind integration can also
be determined by comparing it with some alternative energy that can be added to the
system and through the allocation of costs. Tariffs frequently allocate system costs to each
user. However, some integration costs, like connection fees, network, and imbalance
tariffs, may fall under the purview of wind energy producers.
The effects of wind energy differ according to the energy system used, as the system has
different characteristics, for example the presence of many wind energy plants makes the
system more complex, which requires modern tools and means of operation.
Uncertainty and fluctuation in the wind generation process is mainly controlled by adding
flexible resources in the power system. Flexibility means changing the level of energy
produced or consumption to match the needs of the system, to ensure a balance between
 energy production and consumption. Smaller systems with fixed-schedule power plants
have more difficulty maintaining balance than larger, well-connected systems with several
flexibility options and a resilient grid.

• Existing experience on wind Integration

There is effective experience in power operation with high wind penetration. Covers western
Denmark and northern Germany 30% of the annual load in wind generation. These are
components of larger systems that occasionally function with wind power exceeding load,
implying wind penetration of more than 100%.

About of 15% the annual load is generated by wind generation in Spain, Portugal, and South
Australia. These areas are not as well connected as larger systems. Has handled periods of
wind penetration from 54 to 71% of the level of the wind penetration.

Ireland's power system is very small, with an average penetration level of roughly 10% per
year, but it is currently capable of accommodating penetration levels of up to 50%.

Management of these unusual levels has been possible because of the use of online real-time
data on wind power generation, paired with regularly updated estimates of expected
production, within system operators' control rooms.

In cases where wind power plants are from small units in the distribution system,
decentralized control centers enable collecting online data and possibility to control wind
power plants.
• Wind integration Issues

The issues related to wind integration being investigated vary, the studies also differ, and the
methods used have been developed over time. The studies that show extensive experience
are the studies that cover penetrations and systems and have already shown many results.
The main issues being addressed are:

1-The effects on maintaining equilibrium over various time frames, including the potential
need to increase short-term reserves or ramping capabilities, adjustments to scheduling, and
the effectiveness of traditional power facilities.

2-Effects on network strengthening and stability needs.

3-The impact on the effectiveness of power generation and methods for managing high
demand periods.