IMPLEMENTATION CODE:

# %% [code]
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

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# %% [markdown]
There are 33 columns:

school: student's school (binary: 'GP' - Gabriel Pereira or 'MS' - Mousinho da

Silveira)

sex: student's sex (binary: 'F' - female or 'M' - male)

age: student's age (numeric: from 15 to 22)

address: student's home address type (binary: 'U' - urban or 'R' - rural)

famsize: family size (binary: 'LE3' - less or equal to 3 or 'GT3' - greater than 3)

Pstatus: parent's cohabitation status (binary: 'T' - living together or 'A' -

apart)

Medu: mother's education (numeric: 0 - none, 1 - primary education (4th grade), 2

– 5th to 9th grade, 3 – secondary education or 4 – higher education)

Fedu: father's education (numeric: 0 - none, 1 - primary education (4th grade), 2

– 5th to 9th grade, 3 – secondary education or 4 – higher education)

Mjob: mother's job (nominal: 'teacher', 'health' care related, civil 'services'
(e.g. administrative or police), 'at_home' or 'other')

Fjob: father's job (nominal: 'teacher', 'health' care related, civil 'services'
(e.g. administrative or police), 'at_home' or 'other')

reason: reason to choose this school (nominal: close to 'home', school

'reputation', 'course' preference or 'other')

guardian: student's guardian (nominal: 'mother', 'father' or 'other')

traveltime: home to school travel time (numeric: 1 - <15 min., 2 - 15 to 30 min., 3

- 30 min. to 1 hour, or 4 - >1 hour)

studytime: weekly study time (numeric: 1 - <2 hours, 2 - 2 to 5 hours, 3 - 5 to 10

hours, or 4 - >10 hours)

failures: number of past class failures (numeric: n if 1<=n<3, else 4)

schoolsup: extra educational support (binary: yes or no)

famsup: family educational support (binary: yes or no)

paid: extra paid classes within the course subject (Math or Portuguese) (binary:
yes or no)

activities: extra-curricular activities (binary: yes or no)

nursery: attended nursery school (binary: yes or no)

higher: wants to take higher education (binary: yes or no)

internet: Internet access at home (binary: yes or no)

romantic: with a romantic relationship (binary: yes or no)

famrel: quality of family relationships (numeric: from 1 - very bad to 5 -

excellent)

freetime: free time after school (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high)

goout: going out with friends (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high)

Dalc: workday alcohol consumption (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high)

Walc: weekend alcohol consumption (numeric: from 1 - very low to 5 - very high)

health: current health status (numeric: from 1 - very bad to 5 - very good)

absences: number of school absences (numeric: from 0 to 93)

G1: first period grade (numeric: from 0 to 20)

G2: second period grade (numeric: from 0 to 20)

G3: final grade (numeric: from 0 to 20)

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# %% [code]
data=pd.read_csv("/content/student-mat.csv")

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# %% [code]
data.head()
Execution output
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text/plain
school sex age address famsize Pstatus ... Walc health absences G1 G2 G3
0 GP F 18 U GT3 A ... 1 3 6 5 6
6
1 GP F 17 U GT3 T ... 1 3 4 5 5
6
2 GP F 15 U LE3 T ... 3 3 10 7 8
10
3 GP F 15 U GT3 T ... 1 5 2 15 14
15
4 GP F 16 U GT3 T ... 2 5 4 6 10
10

[5 rows x 33 columns]

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# %% [markdown]
## Final grade

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# %% [code]
data['G3'].describe()
Execution output
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text/plain
count 395.000000
mean 10.415190
std 4.581443
min 0.000000
25% 8.000000
50% 11.000000
75% 14.000000
max 20.000000
Name: G3, dtype: float64

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# %% [code]
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
demo= sns.countplot(data['G3'])
demo.axes.set_title('Distribution of Final grade of students', fontsize = 35)
demo.set_xlabel('Final Grade', fontsize = 20)
demo.set_ylabel('Count', fontsize = 20)
plt.show()

Execution output
20KB
Stream
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:43:
FutureWarning: Pass the following variable as a keyword arg: x. From version 0.12,
the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments
without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
FutureWarning
text/plain
<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>

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# %% [markdown]
Something seems off here. Apart from the high number of students scoring 0, the
distribution is normal as expected. Maybe the value 0 is used in place of null. Or
maybe the students who did not appear for the exam, or were not allowed to sit for
the exam due to some reason are marked as 0. We cannot be sure. Let us check the
table for null values

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# %% [code]
data.isnull().any()
Execution output
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text/plain
school False
sex False
age False
address False
famsize False
Pstatus False
Medu False
Fedu False
Mjob False
Fjob False
reason False
 guardian False
traveltime False
studytime False
failures False
schoolsup False
famsup False
paid False
activities False
nursery False
higher False
internet False
romantic False
famrel False
freetime False
goout False
Dalc False
Walc False
health False
absences False
G1 False
G2 False
G3 False
dtype: bool

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# %% [code]
data.isnull().sum()
Execution output
1KB
text/plain
school 0
sex 0
age 0
address 0
famsize 0
Pstatus 0
Medu 0
Fedu 0
Mjob 0
Fjob 0
reason 0
guardian 0
traveltime 0
studytime 0
failures 0
schoolsup 0
famsup 0
paid 0
activities 0
nursery 0
higher 0
internet 0
romantic 0
famrel 0
freetime 0
goout 0
Dalc 0
Walc 0
health 0
 absences 0
G1 0
G2 0
G3 0
dtype: int64

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# %% [code]
male_student = len(data[data['sex'] == 'M'])
female_student= len(data[data['sex'] == 'F'])
print('Number of male students:',male_student)
print('Number of female students:',female_student)
Execution output
0KB
Stream
Number of male students: 187
Number of female students: 208

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# %% [code]
demo= sns.countplot('age',hue='sex', data=data)
demo.axes.set_title('age groups',fontsize=30)
demo.set_xlabel("Age",fontsize=30)
demo.set_ylabel("Count",fontsize=20)
plt.show()
Execution output
13KB
Stream
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:43:
FutureWarning: Pass the following variable as a keyword arg: x. From version 0.12,
the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments
without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
FutureWarning
text/plain
<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>

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# %% [code]
demo = sns.countplot(data['address'])
demo.axes.set_title('Urban Vs rural students', fontsize = 30)
demo.set_xlabel('Address', fontsize = 20)
demo.set_ylabel('Count', fontsize = 20)
plt.show()
Execution output
14KB
Stream
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:43:
FutureWarning: Pass the following variable as a keyword arg: x. From version 0.12,
the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments
without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
FutureWarning
text/plain
<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>

Code cell <8y1hBr0eTR3y>

# %% [code]
data.corr()['G3'].sort_values()

Execution output
1KB
text/plain
failures -0.360415
age -0.161579
goout -0.132791
traveltime -0.117142
health -0.061335
Dalc -0.054660
Walc -0.051939
freetime 0.011307
absences 0.034247
famrel 0.051363
studytime 0.097820
Fedu 0.152457
Medu 0.217147
G1 0.801468
G2 0.904868
G3 1.000000
Name: G3, dtype: float64

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# %% [markdown]
From the data above, let's create one more column to get the average grade from G1
to G3 (3 years average):

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# %% [code]
data['GradeAvg'] = (data['G1'] + data['G2'] + data['G3']) / 3

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# %% [code]

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# %% [markdown]
Next, we can drop school name and age feature because it is not a computational
value

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# %% [code]
data.drop(["school","age"], axis=1, inplace=True)

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# %% [code]
data.head()
Execution output
6KB
text/plain
sex address famsize Pstatus Medu ... absences G1 G2 G3 GradeAvg
0 F U GT3 A 4 ... 6 5 6 6 5.666667
1 F U GT3 T 1 ... 4 5 5 6 5.333333
2 F U LE3 T 1 ... 10 7 8 10 8.333333
3 F U GT3 T 4 ... 2 15 14 15 14.666667
4 F U GT3 T 3 ... 4 6 10 10 8.666667

[5 rows x 32 columns]

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# %% [code]
data_dum=data

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# %% [code]
#Converting to categorical value
categorical_d = {'yes': 1, 'no': 0}
data_dum['schoolsup'] = data_dum['schoolsup'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['famsup'] = data_dum['famsup'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['paid'] = data_dum['paid'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['activities'] = data_dum['activities'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['nursery'] = data_dum['nursery'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['higher'] = data_dum['higher'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['internet'] = data_dum['internet'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['romantic'] = data_dum['romantic'].map(categorical_d)

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# %% [code]

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# %% [code]
categorical_d = {'F': 1, 'M': 0}
data_dum['sex'] = data_dum['sex'].map(categorical_d)

# map the address data

categorical_d = {'U': 1, 'R': 0}
data_dum['address'] = data_dum['address'].map(categorical_d)

# map the famili size data

categorical_d = {'LE3': 1, 'GT3': 0}
data_dum['famsize'] = data_dum['famsize'].map(categorical_d)

# map the parent's status

categorical_d= {'T': 1, 'A': 0}
data_dum['Pstatus'] = data_dum['Pstatus'].map(categorical_d)

# map the parent's job

categorical_d = {'teacher': 0, 'health': 1, 'services': 2,'at_home': 3,'other': 4}
data_dum['Mjob'] = data_dum['Mjob'].map(categorical_d)
data_dum['Fjob'] = data_dum['Fjob'].map(categorical_d)

# map the reason data

categorical_d= {'home': 0, 'reputation': 1, 'course': 2,'other': 3}
data_dum['reason'] = data_dum['reason'].map(categorical_d)

# map the guardian data

categorical_d = {'mother': 0, 'father': 1, 'other': 2}
data_dum['guardian'] = data_dum['guardian'].map(categorical_d)

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# %% [code]
data_dum.columns
Execution output
0KB
text/plain
Index(['sex', 'address', 'famsize', 'Pstatus', 'Medu', 'Fedu', 'Mjob', 'Fjob',
'reason', 'guardian', 'traveltime', 'studytime', 'failures',
'schoolsup', 'famsup', 'paid', 'activities', 'nursery', 'higher',
'internet', 'romantic', 'famrel', 'freetime', 'goout', 'Dalc', 'Walc',
'health', 'absences', 'G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'GradeAvg'],
 dtype='object')

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# %% [code]
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x=data_dum.drop("G3",axis=1)
y=data_dum['G3']

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# %% [code]
data_dum['G3']
Execution output
0KB
text/plain
0 6
1 6
2 10
3 15
4 10
..
390 9
391 16
392 7
393 10
394 9
Name: G3, Length: 395, dtype: int64

Code cell <aa9Ckc5NTWni>

# %% [code]

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x,y, test_size = 0.20,

random_state=44)

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# %% [code]
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

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# %% [code]
L=LinearRegression()

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# %% [code]
L.fit(X_train, y_train)
Execution output
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text/plain
LinearRegression(copy_X=True, fit_intercept=True, n_jobs=None, normalize=False)

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# %% [code]
y_pred=L.predict(X_test)

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# %% [code]
print(L.score(X_test, y_test))
Execution output
0KB
Stream
 1.0

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# %% [code]