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Lecture 3

Here are the truth values: - A is true - B is false - A  B is false - A  B is true - A B is true - A B is false

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17 views11 pages

Lecture 3

Here are the truth values: - A is true - B is false - A  B is false - A  B is true - A B is true - A B is false

Uploaded by

gideonmkn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATT101 / MATV111 / MATH111

Algebra Chapter 2
Logic
Some Fundamentals
• Every mathematical system starts with some informally defined
terms (concepts) and some axioms

• An axiom (postulate) is an assumed truth or self-evident truth

• Axioms and definitions are then used to establish further truths


known as theorems
• A theorem is sometimes called a lemma or a corollary
Logic
• Logic is the study of valid reasoning – correctly deriving a
conclusion from a set of hypotheses
• A statement or proposition is a declarative sentence that is
either true or false, but not both
• The descriptive terms true and false have no formal definitions,
• True describes a sentence that is either an axiom or a theorem
• False describes a sentence that is not true
Logic
Decide if the sentence is a statement or not. State its truth value
(true or false) if it is a statement.
• A: 3  1  2  2
• B: The highest common factor of 13 and 19 is a prime number
• C: Is this number narcissistic?
• D: The sum of the numbers x and y is equal to 1
• E: The number 35827 is divisible by 11
• F: Every integer is a natural number
• G: This sentence is not a statement
Logic: Logical Connectives
Let A and B be statements.
• Negation: A (read: not A)
• Disjunction: A  B (read: A or B)
• Conjunction: A  B (read: A and B)
• Implication: A  B (read: A implies B; if A then B)
• Bi-implication: A  B (read: A if and only if B)
Logical Connectives – Truth Tables
• Negation (NOT) – Changes the truth value of the statement.

A A
T F

F T
Logical Connectives – Truth Tables
• Disjunction (OR) – False only when both statements are false,
otherwise true.

A B A B
T T T

T F T

F T T

F F F
Logical Connectives – Truth Tables
• Conjunction (AND) – True only when both statements are true,
otherwise false.

A B A B
T T T

T F F

F T F

F F F
Logical Connectives – Truth Tables
• Implication (IMPLIES; IF … THEN) – False only when the
hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false, otherwise true.

A B A B
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

A - the hypothesis
B - the conclusion
Logical Connectives – Truth Tables
• Bi-implication (IF AND ONLY IF) – Only true when both
statements are true or when both are false.

A B A B
T T T

T F F

F T F

F F T
Logical Connectives
Let A: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 360°
B: A triangle is a quadrilateral
Give the truth value of each of the following:
• A
• B
• A  B
• A  B
• A B
• A B

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