aA | \- Components + computer @ystem | cornponents Computer Systems Comi st 4 thevee fe They axe Central plotanng unin “put devias and Output deviees- Dnpit davies provide data input +t protuiox » Which pbcnes lata and generates Use ful Talasmatin that's dlsplayed to th = Wer thsough Dut put devices. This is stored th Computer’ meray | a Trp davies Ps cpu 2 uy outa deve | | | Joa Pata Sees t [Drom roy | Central Prowssing wnt (Cpo) The tontral protossiny unit Cepy) 34 Called ‘ a brain Computer" as i Controls Operation all Parts 4 Ger fester a Computer. Tk Comists { two Com ponents: sad de deste unit (Aly) and Control unit i| Main Memory | Avithmebie hegic unit CALv) Gata entoed tro Compt i dant RAM, com who 14 8 Sent to Alvy where sost” lata ( i kas plac AW tt faces Prowmniny takes plac l li 4 Procating 4 Non —nuwneae Taformaton tak plac hou and one again data 6 maed to Ram Control, unit Ag hate tndicates, this Pamt 4 Cry extracts and ‘Tn starctions , Performs execution , ‘naintains disects operations entine System p JCu ; 5 KEuanction § 4 Comvol (whit f Wo Comvol unit perforers pg {yneton = Tt controls all achvitin 4 Compute a> Supunrse qm 4 Clata within Cpu > Pivects flea 4 data within Cpe > Crans4u data to Athenee and degic anit > (Praras yosults to Memory; = Fetchu SHosutts from _Mermory to out put devies Memory unit This 1, unt w whch data and Tnstiuetions J[given to Computor as Well a susutts ginen by | Computot Cte Stored. unit 4 Memory a " Byler [Byte = 9 pitsEA opration r conmputet Giystenr Oe There ante {ne basic aipe vations 4 Compl tyital Which ate | inputting Paooning Out putting Stanvog Control{s Tnputti ng we é CDnputing 5 a (prLOCAs by O tyfe 4 date ‘inte a Comp the fist base operation 4 Cuvies aXe Wed to (poovide ‘nf Fg: Sleyboand , rouse When We ‘tyre on a Jay been > Prening your 1 loys Convert th dottous A:8,¢ IN bina cocle af to the Auster (protersox oo co i. The cpu then (Passe this Code and Paducse6 Which a User enters ute Bystem - Tt Ob Gmputvr dyptern Tope rmation 10 the CGmpuby ndiv idual thotKos os, pean Appropriete Output based on twhat wad Oh PHocering Procasing tS the getond basic Operation 4 Conmpuctert Syste. Ty Firnple danguage , the (Procuting means , when the fomputor Austen stants Sxecuting The instructions given by the user then this pre | tS Callecl (procning Dt ib Hesponsibk Jon Humming Programs and Cavmeying out anstructions dem the User sul putting Out putting 13 the thisd baie’ Operat ons 4 Computer -Dn Gimple Fenguage ' outputting Means , The yosult of Instruction grVen by ov Wer is Calted Out Pur | Without wsing an Output clevia , You cannot ) get the ouput get the output faaj7G? any snput data * You have We an y output chvie 6 get th, otltput posull fg: Moniter, pvintwt, Head phones 5 epourd Caxd, Pugjecton stoning Ghiowing means , afin executing the instruction given by a Wer, and Storing the oubput Huulb 2 called dirty The crv 15 Responsible 4" Atoxing olecta 3 our Computer’ rmemmonty, vinich’ “is, ‘where Re de the output susull that Comm, ) 15 Atoned wher ee tyre it ind a waxel dust on oy an ‘innage The Vawsious — ty Pes 4 stoviage dovits axe ford alist clive, forty alrsts, apes ,_ Compatt diss ;RAM, Rom, eke: 12.F Tontvolbng “El “Ft means the tombnation + all Computer Aperaten Tt ib O type q pecs that mMoniten the “nsaucti given by the user fram the fime it B eXecuted to the output Mehult - This pose itself is Called aa fg: Computer Woute. ~ Riviect Memory Ales The devite Programmed Tput output clow forge bransfox buch ay clisvchive ié qheems wasteful de CLIN CNPC al UM Pose rot Me cu pensive Genera petpos (protesson %& Watch totus Kis & to ducl data to Controller deg stor ype byte at a time ALL qfy tee avoid dasa the Cpu with 0 by 3) Guch work a general (Pur pose rvocuson Called a clisect ~ Memo - ACC (ma) pptroller- o iite aDma Ommencl bleck ? cPuavt with hort wite aDm ; . 1 nto rmernog «Ot Contains & play clatals aA pointe to Gpoure oO tranajot > Pointer to dutination 1 a bf = Count the nuimbor 4 bytes te de trearefony it) The cpu writes addrey 4 Commend block OMA Cont then pe to othe luostk Fal DMA Cobol 3 all trade Bipstems, vor Simanthohne to. Path Arome Hopdthoty bdwem fe Dua Controller % clevie Contolln 44 pe paned Via a pais “oma - Nquest® and “oma — Ac kroulel ge» (Purpose device On the Oma _ ONiladle wires Called Controls ts places a 4g Hequest Wie jon Lanse, Qe when th, devig Controle, « ; Santina” 4 hat 1 flees th Pals TE trans 05 the word whey a word: 4 dtwl). (Su, mmm? uma, . . . oo ie lata memory & Hemovess Dug - Feqpest Sgnal . ¢ The DMA Controller Sei 205 memo bus, the cpu iu Frementaatly peovented from ae Leming main. pati data ‘tems ayiailable tn prmag gz Sianday Pew + ms Haws > th Computer architecture, th memo hrevey Oearaty Computer Stooge into a hierarchy based M supon time. fine epee. tne, Complexity, andl opacity aye stulated, The — Jovels my abo be srg he by thei fermen and Conte ng -chnaege > Mano hievatchy oles (Pet fomane ih Computer chtectural duign algorithm (preclctions, and lowex Nel (Progrannrnng Constructs “invtlving docalit 4 J 4 Serene. a8te Joone of th important Component th the Comat, ystems the Computor Storage Dh this (post we wal i on the Storage Irevarchy. > The wide Vaviey { Bia dystem (an be Ore n hi racy a.tadl ng tb Speed. ane Cost» The hic lovey ove expensive but they MMe feat | > At we mole obwh th a hicrav chy the Cost fe bit Geneally detox, Whee oy the actus tyme anol Ato 2a “apotity genecliy Tnereases Register 2 CJemitonducty fmemary ib a $) Memor The " top 2 level we , ‘ a oo aston and che pet ‘Ure Si emoyy th hierarchy 4| Pe Operating Ayplem — Abructure G I an operaing System 14 a Cnstuet that allows the tar aipphcaton preg tam to interact vith th System havlwoe- Aine the Opereting system Ls Buch A tompler struschore , te bhotud be Created with utrmose (ae vit Can be wed and inact ed easily Ah ay way te do this 1% to Cleat ty 04 th Parts ane! thue (Pourts Shoutel be Uell lefined wit Clear “inputs, ofp ond fineon Ther arte Many Operating dyin that have Q Vath Fivnple Sbructute. These Atanted 4 mall Aptone vapid expanded much furthe than thet) Alp . Common a this b& Ms-Dos- PE Was dai gned ie {on a hich arnount e People pRete cans > ind: cation that 4 ‘ | on et Hh Lund — becamy yo Popular ioFa ‘image to illutyate the At 1 M594, 5 Ml 5 - ° . Application pogiam | _4 | v System program | _—¥. al Ms-pes Borie. chivers | Ly | Rom Bios Qawre dhsvar| M5-D05. Atwucture De better that os have 0 modulox Structure, Unlik Ms-905 that would dead +o (reat Control Nex the Com puter Aystem and ibs \lavious application. Th rmedwlon st Would also aliaw the Progra mer hyde ‘ndormation ow Hequired a ‘im ple ment sntah Moulin a ‘bay ba ft Lit out Changing # Outen Pie fcation On the Way bo achieve hredalenty ip the 9 the Gee yjrd approndh Oh Ahn st futon ( eers the \ordevane and the topinost Layer u the Lut VWhterlae An Tmo Clemonshatin the Deere ipploa.ch a follows New Mager n | Speration Evitny heya opercution deen pom the Tag gach upper A is buslt > the —betlom Rat. 4 the deyers bide ome rset perarions etc i Thery Upper foyer ne problem with Jao Structure 2 that ath Angry pedi tp be Catal cpr. This is “oven becouse th, Ubon Hop Gan Only ue the andionalitic, ‘ th how below Tem. Bier gj8CoQ iS be System calls A system call ba Way fon Q Wer Progra, | lobe with the operating 4ystem- The Gh oLuests Several Servis, and the 08 Hes ponds ‘voting a sere 4 Aystem calls te datiy 4f, uequest- A System Call Can be written In Shs danquage on a hic leval Language lrke Cand pascal: fystem Calh ou (pec ned freon Set 4 of erating qe may dred +nVole We hi igh Aanguage Wed. Qn is ovtticle , (You will avn about th dus Calls an the operating duster and cliscus fein Lypes and matty Other things A bypem call 4a Ynethod e a Qumputey pes 1 requ 0a devvite Avom the kernal i the | . jd ony dystem on which sk ov Yunni ng. Ad °° A yprp 3. ; cas Tall co a method 4 ‘i nfevacting with the a cvating J Syste Via Progam. |S kstem call boa stequest from Computer sete dap operating Systemls Kernel The Application Qragram Tiara Carl) Connects Li, ohovati } ions $o. User pyograrts DE fe Gpova ng dystern's geoatin O grey acts asa linle bedweorn the aperading Aystem and 4 x0 Coss 1 allounng user- level praann to Hequest operatiry Sattem savics. The Sornel Aystem Con only be Actor) Using AyHem Calls able Yeqpited for any Pegrm hot Use stosources. Prono how a System call Nave ‘yom a lisey Junction 0 FA system call {uncon may create and tue Kernel riotye bo Ovecute the Asynchronous procs iy D2. Th Code ancl lata {ix fystem calls ave Stored ”$ oS Glebe. Kemel_Wemory . Seadust em pyogra m Sateny Pragrarnnriy fan be dled % the Oct 1) dutline syste Aftwore wing 4 lptern Prgrarmin, e g forge According to Computer Hierarchy One hy | | hy 1b | tomes at dos u ford oye then st ig Opetabiy Agstem, System Progians and relly Application Psy Pregiam clacbemat and Freeution Con be chy. Contig 1 Aystetn Programs “om ‘| the Aystem Pregrann a Pimly ser Tera Others oe Corny plex. Lt taditing its between he wat "hha and System Qalb. By ptern regres can be clivided ante dhe (oes + Pile management A fl 5 a Collection 4 Apedite my i the fnernony { a Computer QYycter o5 in |