STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. What term refers to a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an experiment?
A. random variable C. random sampling
B. sample space D. random value

Correct Answer: A

2. In a box, there are 2 red balls and 3 blue balls. 3 balls will be randomly drawn from the box one after
another without replacement. Let R be the random variable of getting red balls. Which of the set of values
contains all possible values of R?
A. {0, 1} B. {0, 1, 2} C. {0, 1, 2, 3} D. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Correct Answer: B

Solution: List of possible outcomes:

RBB, BRB, BBR → R = 1
RRB, RBR, BRR → R = 2
BBB → R = 0
The value of R cannot exceed 2 since there are only 2 red balls.
So, the set that contains all possible values of R is {0, 1, 2}.

3. The mean of the probability distribution is computed by:

A. finding the square root of the variance.
B. multiplying the value of the random variable and its probabilities.
C. adding all the probabilities and then dividing the sum by the number of values.
D. getting the sum of the products of the value of the random variable and its probabilities.
Correct Answer: D

Solution: The formula for finding the mean of the probability distribution is
X = ∑ [ X ∙ P( X) ¿ ]¿ . So, the mean is computed by getting the sum of the products of
the value of the random variable and its probabilities.

4. Consider the set of sample means on the number of students who became qualifiers for
Mathematics Olympiad 2021 from the different divisions in DepEd Region X. Let X be the sample
mean of qualified students for a particular division.

Schools Division X Schools Division X

Bukidnon 5 Malaybalay City 4
Cagayan de Oro City 6 Misamis Occidental 4
Camiguin 2 Misamis Oriental 3
El Salvador 4 Oroquieta City 5
Gingoog 2 Ozamiz City 5
Iligan City 6 Tangub City 4
Lanao del Norte 3 Valencia City 3

Which of the following table of values shows the correct sampling distribution of sample means that will
represent the data above?
A. C.
Mean( 2 3 4 5 6 Mean( 2 3 4 5 6
A. X ) X)
P( X ) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 P( X ) 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1
B. D.
Mean( 2 3 4 5 6 Mean( 2 3 4 5 6
X) X)
P( X ) 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 P( X ) 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
Solution:

Mean( X 2 3 4 5 6
)
n( X ) 2 3 4 3 2 Total: 14
P( X ) P( X = 2) P( X = 3) P( X = 3) P( X = 3) P( X = 2)
= 2/14 = 3/14 = 4/14 = 3/14 = 2/14
=0.14 = 0.21 = 0.30 = 0.21 = 0.14

5. Using the table below, identify the percentile point for t-value for v = 2 at 0.01 level of significance.

α
v 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032

A. 1.886 B. 2.920 C. 6.965 D. 9.925

Explanation: The intersection of the row: v = 2 and column: α = 0.010 is the percentile point for this t-value.
In this item, it is 6.965

α
v 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032

Correct Answer: C
6. Study the scatted plot diagram below, what is the trend of the points?

Scatter Plot
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

A. increasing B. decreasing C. constant D. linear

Strategy: Draw a line that approximately fits the scattered plot of the points. The direction of the line shows
the trend of the points.
In this case, the line points downward from left to right. So, the trend of the points is DECREASING.
Correct Answer: B

7. A group of teachers agreed to conduct a unified written test about reading comprehension to all grade 12
students and they also administered a survey about the number of hours spent in social media on the same
students. They are interested to determine if the amount of time spent in social media has an effect to the
reading comprehension of the students. What is the independent variable?

A. number of teachers C. number of hours spent in social media

B. number of items in the survey D. reading comprehension level of students

Explanation: Given the statement: “. They are interested to determine if the amount of time spent in social
media has an effect to the reading comprehension of the students.”
Dependent variable (effect): reading comprehension
Independent variable (cause): amount of time spent in social media
“The amount of time is expressed in hours, so the independent variable is number of hours spent in social
media.”
Correct Answer: C

8. Which of the following can be classified as a discrete random variable?

A. seating capacity of a bus
B. area of lots in a subdivision
C. weight of high school students
D. amount of flour needed to bake a cake

Explanation: Discrete variable means those variables which can be counted or not continuous variables.

Area of lots in a subdivision is measured in square meters.

Weight of high school students is measured in kilograms or pounds.
Amount of flour is measured in grams.
ALL THESE ARE CONTINUOUS IN TERMS OF THEIR MEASUREMENT.
However, the seating capacity of a bus is counted by number of persons that can be accommodated by the
number of seats inside the bus.
Thus, seating capacity is a discrete variable.
 Correct Answer: A

9. The table below illustrates the probability distribution of random variable S when two balanced dice are
rolled. Let S be the sum of the number of dots that will appear. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of this probability distribution?

S 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(S) 1/36 1/18 1/12 1/9 5/36 1/6 5/36 1/9 1/12 1/18 1/36

A. The sum of the probability values is equal to 1.

B. Each of the probability value is greater than 0 but less than 1.
C. The probability value for a discrete random variable can be zero.
D. If the probability values are graphed as a histogram, the graph is symmetrical at the middle value.

Explanation:
 If we get the sum of the probabilities, the answer is 1. So, letter A is a characteristic of the
probability distribution.
 If we look at each probability in the table, each of the values is greater than 0 and less than 1. So,
letter B is a characteristic of the probability distribution.
 If we look at each probability value in the table, no value is zero. The probability value cannot be
zero, since each face of a die has a corresponding value. So, letter C is NOT A CHARACTERISTIC OF
THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION.
 When the probability values are graphed as a histogram, we can observe that it is symmetrical at the
middle value, which is 7. Thus, letter D is a characteristic of the probability distribution.

Correct Answer: C

10. The following data show the probability distribution of the number of students present in limited face-to-
face classes in a month. What is the probability that at least 10 students are present on a given day?

X 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
P(X) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.45

A. 0.45 B. 0.90 C. 0.16 D. 0.06

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

∑ P (X ≥10) = 0.06 + 0.06 + 0.08 + 0.10 + 0.15 + 0.45 = 0.90

11. In a store, the expected value of the probability distribution of the number of items sold per day is 120
with a standard deviation of 0.12, what is the value of the variance?
A. 0.144 B. 14.4 C. 0.0144 D. 144
Correct Answer: C
Solution: Since the standard deviation is the square root of the variance,
square of the standard deviation to get the value of the variance.

Variance = (0.12)(0.12)= 0.0144

12. The average monthly sales of two stores with corresponding value of the variance are as follows:
Store A - average monthly sale of Php 10,524.00 with variance of 32.45
Store B - average monthly sale of Php 10,500.00 with variance of 27.40

Why is it that Store B has better sales than Store A?

A. It is because they have almost the same average monthly sales.
B. It is because the variance of Store B is much lower than the variance of Store A.
C. It is because the variance of Store A is much higher than the variance of Store B.
D. It is because store B has lower average monthly sales and higher variance than Store A.

Explanation: In this situation, the average monthly sales for both stores are almost the same, so we will look
at the variance. The smaller the value of the variance, the better the sales. Since 27.40 is less than 32.45,
then Store B has better sales than Store A.
Correct Answer: B

13. The table below shows the probability distribution number of road accidents in a week.
Solve for the values of the mean μ and the variance σ 2.

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.10

A. μ = 1.1, σ 2 = 0.99 C. μ = 1.1, σ 2 = 0.03

B. μ = 1.2, σ 2 = 0.03 D. μ = 1.2, σ 2 = 0.99
Correct Answer: A

Solution:
μ=∑ [ X ∙ P (X ) ¿ ]¿ = (0)(0.35) + (1)(0.30) + (2)(0.25) + (3)(0.10) = 1.1
σ 2=∑ [ X 2 ∙ P (X ) ]−μ2
= [(0)(0.35)+(1)(0.30)+(4)(0.25)+(9)(0.10) – (1.1)2
= 2.2 – 1.21 = 0.99

14. The standard normal curve can be applied in analyzing the test scores of Grade 12 students taking an
achievement test. What are the z-values bounding the 95.44% middle regions?
A. z = - 1.5 and z = +1.5 C. z = - 2.5 and z = +2.5
B. z = - 2.0 and z = +2.0 D. z = -3.0 and z = +2.5

Solution: Draw a standard normal curve and illustrate 95.44% at the middle of the curve. The z-values
bounding the curve can be identified by approximating the area to the left or to the right of the mean value
(which is at the middle).

Correct Answer: B
15. Elisa saves coins weekly to buy a new dress. In her piggy bank, she has 1-peso coins, 5-peso coins, 10-
peso coins, and 20-peso coins. A sample of size 2 shall be taken from this population of coins. How many
samples are possible?
A. 4 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6

Solution: The number of possible samples is 6, because, to list the possible pairs:
{1, 5}, {1, 10}, {1, 20}, {5, 10}, {5, 20}, {10, 20}. There are 6 possible pairs.
Correct Answer: D

16. Evaluate this situation in terms of parameter and statistic. Determine which is the statistic.
According to the 2015 survey among Filipino families, the average monthly income is 22,000 pesos.
When a localized survey in one of the barangays in Ozamiz City was conducted on the same year, the
survey revealed that the average monthly income of the families in that barangay is 15,000 pesos.
A. number of Filipino families in that barangay
B. number of Filipino families throughout the country
C. average monthly income of Filipino families in that barangay
D. average monthly income of Filipino families throughout the country

Statistic is the statistical value taken from a sample. In this case, the sample consists of the families in that
barangay. The AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME is an example of statistic provided that it is taken from the
given sample which consists of the families in that barangay.
Correct Answer: C

17. The table of sampling distribution below illustrates the sample means of total amount in the savings
accounts of 5 students in a cooperative. Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution.
Mean( 250 276 282 286 298
X) 0 0 0 0 0
P( X ) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1
A. 2650 B. 2740 C. 2763 D. 2834
Correct Answer: C
Solution: μ X =∑ [ X ∙ P (X ) ] = 500+690+846+429+298 = 2763

18. In a sampling distribution of sample means for the number of peanuts in a 10-peso sachet, a sample of
15 sachets is randomly drawn from a basket. The sample mean is found to be 18 peanuts with a standard
deviation of 2. Based on previous survey, the average number of peanuts in a 10-peso sachet is 20 pieces.
What type of sampling distribution can be used in this situation?
A. t distribution because n > 30
B. t distribution because sample mean is 18
C. t distribution because n < 30 and population variance is known
D. t distribution because n < 30 and population variance is unknown

We can use the t distribution because the sample n = 15 which is less than 30, and the population variance is
given in the problem which is 20 pieces based in previous survey.
Correct Answer: D
19. If random samples of 30 corns are randomly drawn from the stockroom filled with corns, with a mean
length of 5 inches and standard deviation of 0.25, then the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately normally distributed with its sample mean almost equal to the population mean 4.5 inches
and standard deviation of 0.10. Which of the following has a correct value and properly placed in the
formula Z=
√n ( x−μ ) ?
σ

A. Z=
√30 ( 5−0.25 ) B. Z=
√30 ( 5−4.5 ) C. Z=
√30 ( 4.5−5 ) D. Z=
√30 ( 4.5−5 )
4.5 0.10 0.25 0.10

Explanation: Just replace the variables with the given values. n = 30, x = 5, μ = 4.5, σ = 0.10
So, Z=
√n ( x−μ ) = √30 ( 5−4.5 )
σ 0.10
Correct Answer: B

20. If an increasing set of samples, for instance: scores of Grade 12 students in the National Achievement
Test for Statistics, are randomly taken from the population, the average value of the sample means
approaches the value of the population mean provided that the population is normally distributed. What
fundamental theorem in inferential statistics is being illustrated?
A. Central Limit Theorem C. Sample Mean Limit Theorem
B. Mean Limit Theorem D. Sampling Limit Theorem
Correct Answer: A

For items 21 and 22, analyze the table below showing sampling distribution of the sample means.

Mean( 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

X)
P( X ) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1
0 5 0 0 5

21. The sample means for the number of televisions sold in an appliance store in a day and the
corresponding probability are shown above. Solve for the mean of the sampling distribution.
A. 3.525 B. 3.735 C. 3.025 D. 3.935

Solution:
Mean( X 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
)
P( X ) 0.1 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.1
0 0 0 5
X ∙ P( X ) 0.2 0.62 0.9 0.7 0.6
0 5

∑[ X ∙ P( X ) ] = 0.20 + 0.625 + 0.9 + 0.7 + 0.6 = 3.025

Correct Answer: C
22. Based on the table what is the mean with the highest probability value?
A. 2.0 B. 3.5 C. 2.5 D. 3.0
Correct Answer: D
23. Compute for the test statistic z for the problem below.
 Mr. Sy asserts that fewer than 5% of the bulbs are defective. Suppose 300 bulbs are randomly
selected, each tested and 10 defective bulbs are found. Does this provide sufficient evidence for Mr. Sy to
conclude that the fraction of defective bulbs is less than 0.05? Use 0.01 level of significance.

A. -2.35 B. -3.45 C. -1.35 D. -2.45

Correct Answer: C

^p −p 0
z=

√
Solution: z-statistic p0 q 0
n
10
^p= =0.033
300

p0=¿ population proportion

q 0=1− p 0
¿ 1−0.05
q 0=0.95

^p −p 0 0.033−0.05 −0.017
z= ¿ ¿ −0.017 −0.017

√ √ √0.0475 ¿
p0 q 0 ( 0.05 ) (0.95) ¿
√0.00016 0.0126
n 300 300

z=−1.35

24. What type of data is illustrated in the table below?

No. of Hours of Sleep 3 4 5 6 7 8

Attention Span for lecture (in mins) 25 32 40 38 47 50

A. univariate B. bivariate C. multivariate D linear

It has 2 variables so it is bivariate.

Correct Answer: B

25. Suppose that the regression line that models the relationship between the age and the muscle mass of a
person has a slope of -0.86 and a y-intercept of 136, what is the correct interpretation based on the slope?

A. The muscle mass of the person decreases as the person grows older.
B. The muscle mass of the person increases as the person grows older.
C. The muscle mass of the person remains the same as the person grows older.
D. The muscle mass of the person decreases as the person gets younger.

Explanation: the negative slope means decreasing, which means the muscle mass of the person decreases as
the person grows older.

Correct Answer: A
26. Consider the sampling distribution of the sample means for the number of clients of a law firm per day as
shown in the table below. Evaluate μ X =∑ [ X ∙ P (X ) ] .

Mean( 2 3 4 5 6
X)
P( X ) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1
0 5 0 5 0
A. 4.3 B. 3.7 C. 3.2 D. 5.4

Solution: μ X =∑ [ X ∙ P (X ) ] = (2)(0.20) + (3)(0.25) + (4)(0.30) + (5)(0.15) + (6)(0.10)

= 0.40 + 0.75 + 1.20 + 0.75 + 0.60
= 3.7

Correct Answer: B
For items 27 and 28, refer to the problem below.

A leadership skills test is administered to a random sample of 200 school managers. The
sample mean is 78 and the standard deviation is 4.2. In the standardization of the test, the mean
was 73 and the standard deviation was 8. Test the significant difference using α = 0.05.

27. Suppose that the computed value of the problem above is 1.20 and the critical values are -1.96 and 1.96.
What is the correct conclusion based on the figure below?

A. The critical values are -1.96 and 1.96 and the computed value is 1.20.
B. There is a significant difference because 1.20 is not on the rejection region.
C. There is a significant difference between the sample mean and the population mean.
D. There is no significant difference between the sample mean and the population mean.

Since, 1.20 falls on the acceptance region, then “There is no significant difference between the sample mean
and the population mean.”
Correct Answer: D

28. What is the value test statistic z?

A. 1.90 B. -1.45 C. 8.44 D. -2.50

Solution: Given: n = 200, x = 78, μ = 73, σ = 4.2

Z=
√n ( x−μ ) = √ 200 ( 78−73 ) = (14.14) ( 5 ) = 8.44
σ 8 8
 Correct Answer: C

29. Based on the problem below, formulate the correct null and alternative hypotheses.

A school administrator claims that less than 50% of the students of the school are dissatisfied by the
community cafeteria service. Test this claim by using sample data obtained from a survey of 500 students of
the school where 54% indicated their dissatisfaction of the community cafeteria service. Use α = 0.05.

A. H 0 : p=0.50 B. H 0 : p ≥ 0.50 C. H 0 : p=0.50 D. H 0 : p ≤ 0.50

H a : p<0.50 H a : p<0.50 H a : p>0.50 H a : p>0.50

Solution: The claim is the alternative hypothesis: A school administrator claims that less than 50% of the
students of the school are dissatisfied by the community cafeteria service. In symbol: H a : p<0.50 It
follows that the null hypothesis is H 0 : p=0.50
Correct Answer: A

30. It has been claimed that less than 60% of all purchases of a certain kind of computer program will call the
manufacturer’s hotline within one-month purchase. There are 55 out of 100 software purchasers selected at
random call the hotline within a month of purchase. If the claim is tested at 0.05 level of significance, based
on the figure below, determine the correct conclusion.

A. Since -1.96 > -1.02, there is no significant relationship between the sample proportion and the population
proportion.
B. Since -1.02 > -1.96, there is a significant relationship between the sample proportion and the population
proportion.
C. Since -1.02 > -1.96, there is no significant relationship between the sample proportion and the
population proportion.
D. Since -1.96 > -1.02, there is a significant relationship between the sample proportion and the population
proportion.

Explanation: Because -1.02 falls in the acceptance region.

Correct Answer: C

31. A doctor claims that only 10% of all patients exposed to a certain amount of radiation will feel ill effects.
If in a random sample, 10 of 36 patients exposed to such radiation feel some effects, and you want to test
the doctor’s claim at 0.01 level of significance. Solve for the value of the test statistic z.

A. -1.02 B. 2.58 C. -3.46 D. 3.60

Correct Answer: D
Solution:
 ^p −p 0
z=

√
z-statistic p0 q 0
n
10
^p= =0.28
36

p0=¿ population proportion

q 0=1− p 0
¿ 1−0.10
q 0=0.90

Compute for z.

^p −p 0 0.28−0.10 0.18
z= ¿ ¿ 0.18 0.18

√ √ √ 0.09 ¿
p0 q 0 ( 0.10 ) (0.90) ¿
√0.0025 0.05
n 36 36

z=3.60

For items 32 and 33, consider the situation below. Use the given formula for reference.

A 20-item test in General Mathematics is administered to 10 senior high school students. The table
shows the scores of students on the first and second administration of the test.

1st testing 4 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 16
2nd testing 10 9 12 10 15 14 15 20 18 19

Formula:

r=
∑ [ ( x−x ) ¿ ( y− y ) ] ¿ ∑x ∑y
x= y=
√ ∑ ( x−x )2 ∑ ( y− y )2 n n

32. Compute the Pearson’s sample correlation coefficient of the test scores.

A. 0.89 B. 0.78 C. 0.43 D. -0.87

Correct Answer: A
Solution:
1st testing 4 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 16 ∑ x =¿ ¿115
nd
2 testing 10 9 12 10 15 14 15 20 18 19 ∑ y=¿ ¿142
 x−x -7.5 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5

( x−x )2 56.2
5
12.25 6.25 2.25 0.25 0.25 6.25 12.25 20.25 20.25
∑ ( x −x )2=¿ ¿136.5
y− y -4.2 -5.2 -2.2 -4.2 0.8 -0.2 0.8 5.8 3.8 4.8

( y− y )2 17.6
4
27.04 4.84 17.64 0.64 0.04 0.64 33.64 14.44 23.04
∑ ( y− y )2=¿ ¿139.
6
( x−x ) ( y− y ) 31.5 18.2 5.5 6.3 -0.4 -0.1 2.0 20.3 17.1 21.6
∑ [ ( x−x )¿ ( y− y ) ]¿
= 122.3

x=
∑ x = 115 =11.5 y=
∑ y = 142 =14.2
n 10 n 10

r=
∑ [ ( x−x ) ¿ ( y− y ) ] = 122.3 = 122.3 = 122.3 =0.89 ¿
√ ∑ ( x−x )2 ∑ ( y− y )2 √( 136.5 )( 139.6 ) √ 19,055.4 138.04
33. Suppose that the correlation coefficient of the data above is 0.50, ∑ ( x −x ) =¿ ¿136.5 and
2

∑ ( y− y )2=¿ ¿139.6, solve for the value of ∑ [ ( x−x )¿ ( y− y ) ]¿.

A. 54.67 B. 64.03 C. 69.02 D. 79.34
Correct Answer: C

Solution: ∑ [ ( x−x )¿ ( y− y ) ]=r ∙ √∑ ( x−x ) ∑ ( y− y ) =0.5 ∙ √ (136.5 )( 139.6 )=69.02 ¿

2 2

For items 34 to 36, refer to the tabulated data below. Use the given formula for reference.

The sales of a department store (in thousand pesos) for each month are shown in the table below.

x(month) 1 2 3 4 5 6
y (sales) 10 12 18 20 24 26
Formula:

b=
∑ xy−∑ x ∑ y ∑x ∑y
x= y= a= y−b x Y =a+bX
∑ x 2− ( ∑ x )
2
n n

34. The owner of the department store wants to determine the equation of the regression line that
approximates the sales. In order to do this, he needs to calculate its slope and y-intercept. Which of the
following is the correct pair of values for its slope (a) and y-intercept (b)?

A. a = -0.325, b = 5.21 C. a = -0.435, b = 5.33

B. a = -0.325, b = 5.33 D. a = -0.435, b = 5.21
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 ∑x = 21
y 10 12 18 20 24 26 ∑y = 110
xy 10 24 54 80 120 156 ∑xy = 444
x2 1 4 9 16 25 36 ∑x2 = 91
x=
∑ x = 21 =3.5 y=
∑ y = 110 =18.33
n 6 n 6

b=
∑ xy−∑ x ∑ y = 444−(21)(110) = 444−2310 = −1866 =5.33
∑ x 2− ( ∑ x )
2
91−( 21 )
2
91−441 −350

a= y−b x =18.33−( 5.33 )( 3.5 ) =−0.325

35. How much is the estimated sale at the end of 12 months?

A. 62,085 pesos B. 63,525 pesos C. 63,635 pesos D. 62,195 pesos

Correct Answer: C

Solution:
Y =a+bX
Y =−0.325+5.33 X
Y =−0.325+5.33(12)
Y =−0.325+63.96
Y =63.635
The estimated sale at the end of 12 months is 63,635 pesos.

36. In how many months the department store can have an estimated sale of Php 85,000 pesos?

A. 16 months B. 14 months C. 15 months D. 17 months

Correct Answer: A
Solution:
Y =a+bX
85,000=−0.325+5.33 X
85,000+ 0.325=5.33 X
85,000.325=5.33 X
X =15.95
It takes 16 months to have an estimated sale of 85,000 pesos.

Solution:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 ∑x = 21
y 10 12 18 20 24 26 ∑y = 110
xy 10 24 54 80 120 156 ∑xy = 444
x2 1 4 9 16 25 36 ∑x2 = 91

x=
∑ x = 21 =3.5 y=
∑ y = 110 =18.33
n 6 n 6

b=
∑ xy−∑ x ∑ y = 444−(21)(110) = 444−2310 = −1866 =5.33
∑ x 2− ( ∑ x )
2
91−( 21 )
2
91−441 −350
Y =a+bX =−0.325+5.33 X

a= y−b x =18.33−( 5.33 )( 3.5 ) =−0.325