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Trigonometry. 2

Textbook for maths igcse

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18 views9 pages

Trigonometry. 2

Textbook for maths igcse

Uploaded by

tanushreestudent
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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10,1 sine, cosine and tangent for any angle 1 Sine, cosine and tangent for any angle go far, you have used sine, cosine and tan right-angled triangles. For angles there is 2 close connection betwee: and circles. he civele in the diagram is called a ‘unit circle te contre is at (0, 0) and it has a radius of that a point P, with coordinates (x, y), circumference of the circle. The angle with the positive x-axis as it turns in direction is 6. gent only in greater than 90°, n trigonometric ratios 1 unit, Imagine moves around the. that OP makes an anticlockwise Intriangle OAP, cos @ = ~ and sin 9 wie The x-coordinate of P is cos 0 ‘The y-coordinate of P is sin 9 This idea is used to define the cosine and the including angles greater than 90°, sine of any angle, ‘The diagram on the right shows an angle that is greater than 90°, along with its cosine and sine values, cos 120° and sin 120°. Agraphical calculator can be used to show the graph of y = sin x for any range of angles. The graphs below show: = sin x for x from 0° to 360°. The sine curve above the x-axis has reflective symmetry about x = 90° and rotational symmetry about the origin. yy = c0s x for x from 0° to 360°. The cosine curve has rotational symmetry about x = 90° and reflective symmetry about the y-axis. > 10 10. 08: os. ssinx = 008 x 06 y 06. y 4. 04 02 02. > ° * 80 60 90 120 160 18) 210.240 270300 330 960 * <0.2,| 3 60. 9120 150 180 210 240 ro 360 930 360 * 04 ~06 -08 10 333 BLL Cure) Note the following: sin 150° = sin 30° because of the general rule | sin x= sin (180° ~ +) Cos 150° = cos 210° sin (30°) = ~sin 30° cos (—30°) = cos 30° because of the general rule | cos x = cos (360° - x) because of the general rule | sin (-x) = ~sin x because of the general rule | cos (-x) = cos * The graph of y = tan xis different from those for sine and cosine. Looking back at the original diagram of the unit circle, you can see that tan 0 = ~ and when 9 = 90° or 9 = 270° the y-coordinate is zero. This means that when you try to calculate tan @ for @ = 90° or @ = 270°, you would be dividing by zero. Hence, tan @ is undefined when 6 = 90° or 6 = 270°. This is shown on the graph as vertical dotted lines through 90° and 270°. These lines are called asymptotes. Although the graph of tan @ initially looks more complicated than the graphs of sin 6 and cos 0, in some ways it is the simplest one to work with. Once you have found a solution to the equation tan @ = x for some value of x, you can find as many other solutions as you need, simply by adding or subtracting multiples of 180° from 0. ‘You can write that fact as a formula by saying that tan (¢ + 180°) = tan x. An example of this would be tan 240° = tan (60° + 180°) = tan 60° = V3. Example 1 0.574, find another angle whose sine is 0.574. Note that the graph of y = sin x is symmetrical along the line x = 90°. 1.0 Therefore, by symmetry, °8 ales sin 35° = sin (180 - 35)° = sin 145°. oa. An answer is therefore 145°. 02 30 60 9p 120150180* 334 10.1Sine, cosine and tangent for any angle example 2 Solve the equation cos x = 0.8, Give your answers in the interval 0°

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