The Contemporary World

What is the relevance of this Course?

• Cure parochialism- close minded

• Teach you more about yourself
• You need to study the world because you are interacting with it
• Central to the study of the world is the concept of globalization
• What is going on in our world today?
• This course will challenge you to think beyond your country
Global experiences…

• Who has a facebook/twitter/instagram account?

• Who likes Korean series or food?
• Which part of the world you dream to travel?
• Who’s parents here are working abroad?
• Who uses smartphone here? What brand?
• What is your dream car?
 LESSON 1:WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Agree on a working definition of globalization for the
course
 Differentiate the competing conceptions of
globalization
 Narrate a personal experience of globalization
LENSES of Defining Globalization…

• Political Scientists definition?

• Anchored to the creation of
international institutions
• Economists definition?
• Expansion of the global market
• Sociologists definition?
• Intensified influence of foreign
culture to our culture
 GLOBALIZATION

the expansion and intensification of social

relations and consciousness across world-
time and world space. (Manfred Steger)
 Interdisciplinary approach
 Multidimensitional understanding of globalization
 GLOBALIZATION:Working Definition

• EXPANSION
• creation of social networks
• multiplication of existing connections
• cut across political, economic, cultural, geographic boundaries that
occur in different levels
• INTENSIFICATION
• Stretching and acceleration of these networks
• Trading increase exponentially at higher speeds
• BPO companies present in the country
 GLOBALIZATION:Working Definition

• TIME AND SPACE

• Objective to subjective plane of human consciousness
• People begin to feel the world has become a smaller place collapsing
distance
• Emails, cable TV channels, internet connections - social media
• Globalization vis-à-vis Globalism
• Former – many processes allowing expansion and intensification of global
connections
• Latter – widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic market is beneficial to everyone
*Multiple globalizations
 ARJUN APPADURAI >Different kinds of
globalization occur on multiple and intersecting
dimensions of integration that he calls “scapes”
 Technoscpe – circulation of mechanical goods
and software
 Ethnoscape – global movement of people
 Mediascape – flow of culture
 Financescape – global circulation of money
 Ideoscape – realm of political ideals move
around
Economic Cultural
 Globalization can be:

• 1. Cultural
• 2. Economic
• 3. Political
• 4. Social
• 5. Industrial
• 6. Technological
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization in Economics

• Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite

offices and branches in numerous locations.
• Outsourcing can add to the economic development of a struggling
country, bringing much needed jobs.
• Some automobiles use parts from other countries, as in a car being
assembled in the United States with the parts coming from Japan,
Germany, or Korea.
• One shirt sold in the United States could have been made from
Chinese cotton by workers in Thailand. Then it could have been
shipped on a French freighter that had a Spanish crew.
“Globalization” can mean:

The formation of a global village - closer contact

between different parts of the
world, with increasing possibilities of personal exchange,
mutual understanding and friendship between "world
citizens",
Economic globalization - "free trade" and increasing
relations among members of an industry in different
parts of the world (globalization of an industry), with a
corresponding erosion of National Sovereignty in the
economic sphere.
Signs of globalization
Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the
world economy
Increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct
investment
Greater transborder data flow, using such technologies such as
the Internet, communication satellites and telephones
Greater international cultural exchange, for example through the export of
Hollywood and Bollywood movies.
Some argue that even terrorism has undergone globalization. Terrorists
now have attacked places all over the world.
Spreading of multiculturalism and better individual access to cultural
diversity, with on the other hand, some reduction in diversity through
assimilation, hybridization, Westernization, Americanization or
Sinosization of cultures.
Erosion of national sovereignty and national borders through
international agreements leading to organizations like the WTO
and OPEC
Greater international travel and tourism
Greater immigration, including illegal immigration
Development of global telecommunications
infrastructure
Development of a global financial systems
Increase in the share of the world economy controlled by
multinational corporations
Increased role of international organizations such as
WTO, WIPO, IMF that deal with international
transactions
Increase in the number of standards applied globally;
e.g. copyright laws
Anti- globalization

Many anti-globalism activists see globalization as the

promotion of a Corporatist agenda, which is intent on
constricting the freedoms of individuals in the name of
profit. They also claim that increasing autonomy and
strength of corporate entities increasingly shape the
political policy of nation-states.
globalization imposes credit based
economics, resulting in unsustainable growth of debt
and debt crises.
Pro-globalization (globalism)

Supporters of free trade point out that economic

theories such as comparative advantage suggests that
free trade leads to a more efficient allocation of
resources, with all those involved in the trade
benefitting. In general, they claim that this leads to
lower prices, more employment and better allocation
of resources.
Globalization in the
Philippines
The country is taking part in the process of
globalization ever since the country signed
agreements with World Trade Organization in 1995.
Now, globalization is very effective in the Philippines,
it has allowed major changes in the nation like more
labor, and more Filipino and foreign companies has
emerged in the nation in order to help the country’s
developing economy.
 Globalization can make the Philippines into a better
nation if the Philippine leaders to make their economy
more advance through global trading and allowing more
foreign investors to the help boost the economy. And by
accomplishing those goals, the Philippines should be able
to reduce the poverty level as well as increase labor force
for job opportunities for those that are in need for a living.
However, since the poverty level is still increasing, most
Filipinos has managed to find work overseas and they have
managed to seek better living than in the Philippines. The
most effective factor in the Philippines is education. The
society’s mentality is to be educated and it’s with education
that people in the nation see their opportunity for a better
life in the future.
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization in the Blending of Cultures

• Christian missionaries from Europe added to the globalization of
Christianity.
• Colonization all over the world was a major cause of globalization.
• Satellite television allows shows from one country to be broadcast
in many others, adding to cultural globalization.
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization in Technology

• The Internet is a major contributor to globalization, not only

technologically but in other areas as well, like in cultural exchanges
of the arts.
• Global news networks, like CNN, contribute to the spread of
knowledge.
• Cells phones connect people all over the world like never before.
Around 60 percent of all people in the world use cell phones.
 THE THREE CATEGORIES

• Globalization is often divided into three categories:

Economic, Political and Social.
• Though the three are interdependent, economic and
political forces are usually the driving factors of
globalization, while social changes generally occur as a
result of those activities.
• Social globalization pertains to human interaction within
cultural communities, encompassing topics like family,
religion, work and education.
 IMPACT

• Economic impact
– Improvement in standard ofliving
– Increased competition amongnations
– Widening income gap between the rich and
poor
• Social impact
– Increased awareness of foreign cultures
– Loss of localculture
• Environmental impact
– Environmental degradation
– Environmental management
 ADVANTAGES

Peaceful Relations
Most of the countries have resorted to trade relations with each
other in order to boost their economy, leaving behind any bitter
past experiences if any.

Employment
Considered as one of the most crucial advantages,
globalization has led to the generation of numerous
employment opportunities. Companies are moving towards the
developing countries to acquire labor force.
Education
• A very critical advantage that has aided the population is the
spread of education. With numerous educational institutions
around the globe, one can move out from the home country
for better opportunities elsewhere.
Product Quality
• The product quality has been enhanced so as to retain the
customers. Today the customers may compromise with the
price range but not with the quality of the product. Low or
poor quality can adversely affect consumer.
Cheaper Prices
Globalization has brought in fierce competition in the markets.

Communication
• Every single information is easily accessible from almost
every corner of the world. Circulation of information is no
longer a tedious task, and can happen in seconds. The
Internet has significantly affected the global economy,
thereby providing direct access to information and products.
Transportation
• Considered as the wheel of every business organization,
connectivity to various parts of the world is no more a serious
problem. Today with various modes of transportation
available, one can conveniently deliver the products to a
customer located at any part of the world.
GDP Increase
• Gross Domestic Product, commonly known as GDP, is the
money value of the final goods and services produced within
the domestic territory of the country during an accounting
year.
Travel and Tourism

Globalization has promoted tourism to great heights.

International trade among different countries also helps in
increasing the number of tourists that visit different places
around the world.
External Borrowing
With the help of globalization, there is opportunity
for corporate, national, and sub-national borrowers to have
better access to external finance, with facilities such as
external commercial borrowing and syndicated loans.
 DISADVANTAGES

Health Issues
• Globalization has given rise to more health risks and
presents new threats and challenges for epidemics.
• The dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in the wilderness
of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire throughout the
globe in no time.
• Food items are also transported to various countries, and
this is a matter of
concern, especially in case of perishable items.
Loss of Culture
• With large number of people moving into and out of a
country, the culture takes a backseat. People may adapt
to the culture of the resident country. They tend to follow
the foreign culture more, forgetting their own roots. This
can give rise to cultural conflicts.
Uneven Wealth Distribution
• It is said that the rich are getting richer while the poor are
getting poorer. In the real
sense, globalization has not been able to reduce poverty.
Conflicts
• It has given rise to terrorism and other forms of violence.
Such acts not only cause loss of human life but also huge
economic losses.
Cut-throat Competition
• Opening the doors of international trade has given birth to
intense competition. This has affected the local markets
dramatically. The local players thereby suffer huge losses
as they lack the potential to advertise or export their
products on a large scale. Therefore the domestic
markets shrink.
 Globalization lets countries do what they can do
best. If, for example, you buy cheap steel from
another country you don’t have to make your own
steel. You can focus on computers or other
things.

Globalization gives you a larger market. You can sell more

goods and make more money. You can create more jobs.

Consumers also profit from globalization.

Products become cheaper and you can get
new goods more quickly.
 Globalization causes unemployment in
industrialized countries because firms move their
factories to places where they can get cheaper
workers.

Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A

company may want to build factories in other countries
because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at
home. Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down
more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries.
Learning Activity: How Globalized is Your Home
1. Do an inventory of everything in your home (e.g. footwear, clothes,
computer, cellphones, watches, appliances and among others.
2. Organize your inventory into two types: First, “things” that are made
in the Philippines and second, those that are of foreign brand. List
the countries of origin of your foreign-brand items.
3. In class compare your lists with those of your classmates to
determine which countries make the most household and personal
needs you and your families have.
4. Discuss why certain products are made in the Philippines while
others are produced abroad.
Activities:

• How globalized is your home?

• Things
• Appliances
• Foreign-brand items
• What is your globalization experience?
• Short bond paper
• Encoded, times new roman, 12 font size, 1.15 space, 1:1 margin, justified

Things Sub category Brand Country it

0riginated
Appliance Refrigerator Samsung South Korea