Scribd
Upload
63 views

Chapter 5 With Notes

This document discusses computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices: 1. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are properties of square matrices where an eigenvector, when multiplied by the matrix, only scales its magnitude and does not change its direction. 2. To find eigenvalues, compute the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix. To find eigenvectors, solve the system of equations formed by (A - λI)x = 0, where λ is an eigenvalue. 3. This process involves first finding the eigenvalues, then finding the corresponding eigenvectors by solving the system of equations above for each eigenvalue.

Uploaded by

sq98pbcrs8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views

Chapter 5 With Notes

This document discusses computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices: 1. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are properties of square matrices where an eigenvector, when multiplied by the matrix, only scales its magnitude and does not change its direction. 2. To find eigenvalues, compute the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix. To find eigenvectors, solve the system of equations formed by (A - λI)x = 0, where λ is an eigenvalue. 3. This process involves first finding the eigenvalues, then finding the corresponding eigenvectors by solving the system of equations above for each eigenvalue.

Uploaded by

sq98pbcrs8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

system W J
A b
matrix

cramer g
Fai
EADIE
AH b sat

that result willbe o


system

m u
side will be
0
the right
Ab b I I
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
ug.gr W eigenvector sX W A Tal I s g w
• The vector x is anfe
eigenvector of matrix A and λ is an
eigenvalue of A if: Ax= λx (assume non-zero x)
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are only defined for square
matrices (i.e., m = n)
• Eigenvectors are not unique (e.g., if λ is an eigenvector,
so is k λ) t
•
gz
Zero vector is a trivial solution to the eigenvalue equation
for any number λ and is not considered as an eigenvector.
• Interpretation: the linear transformation implied by A
cannot change the direction of the eigenvectors λ, but
change only their magnitude.
est og
Br tr
Ac to
Ax b
Ax tx t.W.de gawd
o
A
o
0 11 CA d X
o

Itala
We summarize the computational approach for determining eigenpairs (l, x)
(eigenvalues and eigen vector) as a two-step procedure: eigenpairs a dE U
rector a rake a I
x at Ex
ii as

a si a a

Example: Find eigenpairs of

Step I. Find the eigenvalues.


oof JG

find eigenpairs
2
eigenvalue eigenvector

CaiftCoifEaiJfoi
stepa
oa ae
Ac itI ahcy.D
ffo
detrital E iD
Cl een o
Y
jgy.tt
I2
dI5ft6
o s IsaS
a
st 9
Ct 2 Ct 3 o
ifct TE.ci
4 2 1 3
step eigenvector me
CA TI X o
42
E'I'Ensuite3
II is
19 2Rather
is
6
haremaysoultia
o o
fromR
.amxtxe
yea x is freevariable

1 3

III stintsS
E S t.co
I
Rtr r
II
f_share
mjzs.a.fi

f
Hour zx.tn
xs 2xix isfree
variable
The eigenvalues are 1 3 and 2 2.

Step II. To find corresponding (A - liIn)x = 0 for


eigenvectors we solve i = 1,2

Note: rref means row reduced echelon form.


Computing λ and v
• To find the eigenvalues λ of a matrix A, find the roots
of the characteristic polynomial :

Ax= λx
Example:

1 2
x1 2 , x2 3
1 1
0 1
A
Example: Find eigenvalues and eigen vectors of 1 0

The characteristic polynomial is


Example: Find the eigenvalues and corresponding
eigenvectors of

The characteristic polynomial is

Its factors are


So the eigenvalues are 1, 2, and 3.

Corresponding
eigenvectors are
By using the third column,

You might also like