Lesson 1:

History:
- Adobe Systems was founded in 1982 in San Jose, California, USA.
- Adobe's name is derived from Adobe Creek in California.

Adobe Photoshop:
- Adobe Photoshop is professional image editing software for creating and manipulating images.
- It supports various file formats and allows users to save photos in different formats.

File Types:
1. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): Commonly used on the web and mobile, lossy
compression.
2. PNG (Portable Network Graphics): Suitable for interactive documents, doesn't affect quality.
3. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): Known for animations, commonly used on websites.
4. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): Large file size, lossless compression, suitable for printable
photographs.
5. RAW: Unprocessed format used by cameras and scanners.
6. PSD (Photoshop Document): Adobe Photoshop's default, proprietary format for image
manipulation.

- Image size refers to the physical dimensions of an image.

- Image resolution is the number of dots per linear inch (DPI) and affects the quality and detail
of an image.

Adobe Photoshop Interface Components:

- The Adobe Photoshop interface consists of several components: Document, Menu Bar, Options
Bar, Toolbar, and Panels.
- Workspaces allow users to customize the arrangement of these components for their
workflow.
Basic Tools:
- Four main groups of tools: Selection, Cropping, and Measuring; Retouching and Painting;
Drawing and Type; Navigation, Foreground/Background, and Quick Mask.
- Each group of tools has specific functions, such as making selections, retouching, drawing, and
navigating within the software.

Layers:
- In Adobe Photoshop, layers are used to stack images, objects, or text.
- Layers allow you to work on specific elements without affecting others, providing control and
flexibility.
- Layers are advantageous as they don't destroy the original image and enable complex image
manipulation and artwork creation.

This information provides a comprehensive overview of Adobe Photoshop, its capabilities, and
its interface components.
Lesson 2:
Layers:
- Layers in Adobe Photoshop are transparent and can be stacked, allowing you to see layers
below.
- A composition in Photoshop can consist of more than one layer.
- You can add, delete, group, duplicate, and reposition layers without affecting other layers.
- Layers are like stacked sheets of acetates used in overhead projectors.

Layer Types:
1. Image Layers: These contain photographs or images you import into your document.
2. Adjustment Layers: Used to edit photo characteristics non-destructively.
3. Fill Layers: Used for creating gradients or fill effects.
4. Type Layers: Used for adding text to your composition.
5. Shape Layers: Contain shapes drawn using Shape Tools.

Merging and Flattening Layers:

- Merging combines visible, linked, or adjacent layers into a single layer.
- Flattening combines all visible layers into a background, deleting hidden layers and filling
transparent areas with white.

Blend Modes:
- Blend modes control how pixels in an image are affected by painting or editing tools.
- They allow one layer to affect underlying layers in various ways, including darkening,
lightening, contrast adjustments, and more.

Contrast:
- Contrast is the difference in brightness between objects or regions in an image.
- It determines the number of shades in the image.

Selection:
- Selection allows you to isolate a particular portion of a layer for editing without affecting other
areas.
- You can use selection tools to create and modify selections.

Pen Tool:
- The Pen Tool creates vector paths and shapes in Photoshop.
- It can be used to create complex selections, masks, and objects with precision.
- The Pen Tool can be used to draw straight segments and curves, add, delete, and convert
anchor points, and manipulate vector paths.

Scaling and Transformation:

- Scaling allows you to resize and reshape images, preserving image quality.
- Transformation includes scaling, rotating, skewing, distorting, perspective, warping, and
flipping.
- Transformations can be performed around a reference point.

Cropping:
- Cropping is the process of removing unwanted portions of an image to create focus or improve
composition.
- The Crop tool in Photoshop is non-destructive, and you can choose to retain cropped pixels for
later adjustments.
These are essential techniques and tools in Adobe Photoshop for image editing and
manipulation.
Lesson 3:
Normal Modes:
1. Normal: The default blending mode.
2. Dissolve: Edits each pixel to create a random replacement of pixels with the base or blend
color, depending on opacity.

Darkening Modes:
1. Darken: Darkens the base color by replacing lighter pixels.
2. Multiply: Multiplies the base color with the blend color, resulting in a darker color.
3. Color Burn: Darkens the base color to reflect the blend color, increasing contrast.
4. Linear Burn: Darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing brightness.
5. Darker Color: Displays the lower value color by comparing channel values of base and blend
colors.

Lightening Modes:
1. Lighten: Lightens the base or blend color by replacing darker pixels.
2. Screen: Brightens the image based on the lightness of the upper layer, always resulting in a
lighter color.
3. Color Dodge: Brightens the base color to reflect the blend color, decreasing contrast.
4. Linear Dodge (Add): Brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing
brightness.
5. Lighter Color: Displays the higher value color by comparing channel values of base and blend
colors.

Contrast Modes
1. Overlay: Multiplies or screens colors, preserving highlights and shadows of the base color.
2. Soft Light: Darkens or lightens colors, creating a diffused spotlight effect.
3. Hard Light: Multiplies or screens colors, resulting in a harsh spotlight effect.
4. Vivid Light: Burns or dodges colors by increasing or decreasing contrast.
5. Linear Light: Burns or dodges colors by increasing or decreasing brightness.
6. Pin Light: Replaces colors based on the brightness relationship between base and blend
colors.
7. Hard Mix: Breaks the image down into eight colors.

Inversion/Comparative Modes:
1. Difference: Subtracts one color from another, inverting the base color with white.
2. Exclusion: Creates an effect lower in contrast than Difference mode, with white inverting base
colors.
3. Subtract: Subtracts pixel values from the base layer, darkening pixels.
4. Divide: Divides pixel values of one layer with the other, often used for brightening photos.

Component/Composite Modes:
1. Hue: Creates a result color with the luminance and saturation of the base color and the hue
of the blend color.
2. Saturation: Creates a result color with the luminance and hue of the base color and the
saturation of the blend color.
3. Color: Creates a result color with the luminance of the base color and the hue and saturation
of the blend color.
4. Luminosity: Creates a result color with the hue and saturation of the base color and the
luminance of the blend color.
Lesson 3.1
Photo editing
-is the art or process of modifying or altering an image to achieve a desired result. It can be
applied to various types of images, including digital photographs, printed images, traditional
photo-chemical photographs, illustrations, and images on film. Photo editing involves using
different techniques and tools to enhance, manipulate, or retouch images to achieve specific
effects.
Common Techniques in Photo Editing:
1. Cropping:
Removing unwanted portions of an image to improve composition.

2. Use of Effects:
Applying various effects like filters, gradients, and textures to enhance the image's appearance.
3. Selection Tool:
Selecting specific areas or objects within the image for targeted edits.
4. Blending Modes:
Using different blending modes to control how one layer interacts with another in image editing
software.
5. Scaling/Resizing:
Changing the size or dimensions of an image while maintaining its quality.

Color Adjustments:
Color adjustments are non-destructive image editing tools used to modify and enhance an
image's colors without permanently altering the pixel or color information. These adjustments
are often applied using adjustment layers in image editing software. Some common color
adjustment components include:
1. Brightness and Contrast:
Adjusting the tone of the image.

2. Levels:
Correcting tonal and color balance.
3. Curves:
Fine-tuning the tonal range.
4. Exposure:
Modifying highlights and ignoring shadows.
5. Vibrance:
Enhancing the intensity of dull colors.
6. Hue Saturation:
Altering hue, saturation, and lightness of specific color ranges.
7. Color Balance:
Adjusting the color balance of the image.
8. Black and White:
Converting a color image to grayscale.

Photo Retouching:
Photo retouching is the process of improving an image and preparing it for its final presentation.
It involves making small localized adjustments to an image after global adjustments such as
color correction and other enhancements have been applied. Photo retouching is a polishing
step that refines and perfects an image. Common tools and techniques for photo retouching
include:

1. Spot Healing Tool:

Used to clone and automatically blend an area into an unwanted part of the image.

2. Healing Brush Tool:

Similar to the spot healing tool but requires manual selection of an area to blend.
3. Patch Tool:
Used for healing or patching larger areas by manually selecting and dragging a portion of the
image.
4. Red Eye Tool:
Removes red-eye effects caused by camera flashes in portraits.
Lesson 4:
Adobe Photoshop offers several tools for adding and formatting text, including:

1. Horizontal Type Tool: Allows you to add text in a horizontal direction.

2. Vertical Type Tool: Similar to the Horizontal Type Tool but for vertical text.
3. Horizontal Type Mask Tool: Used for creating a selection mask with text.
4. Vertical Type Mask Tool: Similar to the Horizontal Type Mask Tool but for vertical text.

All four of these tools share common properties/options:

- Toggle Text Orientation Icon: Switch between horizontal and vertical text.
-Font Family Option: Choose the font style from a dialog box.
- Font Style: Select from Regular, Bold, Italic, and Bold Italic font styles.
- Text Size: Adjust the font size with predefined or custom values.
- Create Wrap Text: This option helps create text that wraps within a defined area.
- Alignment: Choose from Left, Center, or Right alignment.
- Font Color: Set the font color.
- 3D: Create 3D text.
- Warped Text: Create text with warp effects.

Basic Formatting - includes options like leading, vertical and horizontal scale, and the use of
Smart Filters, which allow you to apply filters to a "smart object" with non-destructive editing
capabilities.
The Brush Tool - is a fundamental tool for painting in Photoshop, offering settings like Mode,
Opacity, Flow, and Airbrush simulation. You can customize the brush size, hardness, and opacity
to suit your needs. The tablet pressure buttons can also be used for stylus pressure sensitivity.

Clipping Masks - are a powerful way to control a layer's visibility by using the transparency of
the layer beneath it. Unlike layer masks, they can involve multiple layers.

Patterns - in Photoshop are tiled images used for filling selections or layers. You can create a
pattern by defining a selection and then using the Edit > Define Pattern option. Once defined,
you can apply the pattern to a layer using the Edit > Fill command.
Lesson 1: (Unit 2)
Adobe Illustrator:
- Software for creating and manipulating vector graphics.
- Developed by Adobe Systems in 1985.
- Available for Windows and Mac operating systems.
- Originally designed for Apple Macintosh.

Uses of Adobe Illustrator:

- Logos
- Posters
- Symbols
- Banners
- Patterns
- Icons
- Infographics
- Charts
- Alphabet (fonts)
- Ads
- Cartoons
- Illustrations
- Signage
- Engraving
- Etching
- Product artwork
- Embroidery

Vector Graphics vs. Raster Graphics:

Vector Graphics:
- Made up of mathematical calculations.
- Scalable without loss of quality.
- Ideal for print and digital media.

Raster Graphics:
- Made up of pixels or dots.
- Resolution-dependent.
- Not suitable for resizing without pixelation.
- Used for realistic imagery.

Adobe Illustrator's Interface:

- Application bar
- Menu bar
- Tools panel
- Canvas
- Artboard
- Panels
Workspace:
- Customizable.
- Create preferred elements and arrangements.

Opening a New Document

- Options for print, web, devices, video and film, etc.
Inserting an Image:
- Use the "Place" command.
Saving a Document:
- Use "Save As" to choose file type and location.
File Formats Supported:
- Opening, placing, saving, exporting, web, screens, etc.
Workspaces:
- Customizable workspaces.
- Default is "Essentials."
Panels:
- Accessible through the Window menu.
User Interface:
- Various interface elements for navigation and options.
Tools Panel:
- Selection tools
- Drawing tools
- Shape manipulation
- Path creation
- Working with fills and strokes
Keyboard Shortcuts:
- Quick shortcuts for various functions.
Fills and Strokes:
- Define object color and outline.
- Use Swatches panel, Color Picker, Eyedropper, Color Panel, and more.
Colors:
- Process color (CMYK) and Spot color.
- Swatch panels for color management.
Layers:
- Organize and manage artwork elements.
- Can have multiple elements on a single layer for organization.
- Create layers and move objects between them.