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Wideband Reflectarray Antennas Using Concentric Ring-Based Elements for

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Wideband Reflectarray Antennas Using Concentric

Ring-Based Elements for Ku-Band Applications

Lingasamy Veluchamy , Krishnasamy T. Selvan , Rajeev Jyoti & Sagi Sravan

Kumar

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IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1874842

Wideband Reflectarray Antennas Using Concentric Ring-Based Elements for

Ku-Band Applications
Lingasamy Veluchamy1 , Krishnasamy T. Selvan2 , Rajeev Jyoti3 and Sagi Sravan Kumar3
1 HCL Technologies, Bangalore, India; 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of
Engineering, Kalavakkam, India; 3 Satellite Application Center, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad, India

ABSTRACT KEYWORDS
Bandwidth enhancement of reflectarray is being extensively investigated in recent years. In this Reflectarray; Dielectric; Unit
paper, the design and experimental evaluation of two wideband reflectarray antennas in the X-Ku cell; Wideband;
band (10–15 GHz) are presented. A reflectarray realized using concentric square ring-based elements Gain-bandwidth; Ku band
exhibits a 2.5-dB gain bandwidth of approximately 46.2%, with a peak gain of 25 dB. A reflectar-
ray designed with circular ring-based elements exhibits a 2.5-dB gain bandwidth of approximately
14.5% (and a 1-dB gain-bandwidth of 11%), where the maximum gain is observed to be 27.8 dB. The
cross-polarization level is well below −35 dB for both the reflectarrays.

1. INTRODUCTION Numerical and experimental evaluations of two reflec-

tarray antennas are presented by employing the above
Reflectarrays are widely used in remote sensing and cube- elements in the X-Ku frequency band. A better band-
sat applications as they have advantages such as confor- width and gain performance are noted.
mal to a given surface shape and flexibility in radiation
pattern controlling while being low-cost in fabrication. Design and analysis of two-unit cell elements are dis-
The bandwidth enhancement of reflectarray antennas has cussed in the section that follows. Section 3 presents
attracted the attention of several researchers in recent the numerical and experimental evaluation of wideband
years. It has been noted in the literature that an ele- reflectarray antennas using those elements. A brief dis-
ment that exhibits a smooth reflection phase response cussion and concluding comments on the results are
leading to a large dynamic phase range would provide presented in Sections 4 and 5, respectively.
wider bandwidth for a reflectarray with optimum focal
distance and inter-element spacing [1–3]. In this con- 2. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF REFLECTARRAY
text, several researchers have reported various elements ELEMENTS
that offer such characteristics, among which square and
circular loop-based elements are widely reported [1–8]. The reflectarray elements are designed with four con-
Since in ring/loop structure, the resonance is dictated centric square and circular rings and then analysed by
by the size of its periphery, whereas resonant dimen- using an infinite array (unit cell) approach in the simu-
sion of the patch is its length [1]. The periphery length lation tool. The working mechanism of these elements is
and width of each ring and the spacing between the basically multi-resonance, and those resonances are opti-
rings are iteratively varied during simulation to result mally overlapped to attain the wider bandwidth. Addi-
in an optimum performance [3–9]. Without using an tionally, the above elements can be used to realize dual-
iterative approach, in this work, the widths of both polarized reflectarray as they are rotationally symmetric.
square and circular rings and the spacing between them The prime advantage of proposed elements is that their
are defined by employing a Fibonacci series. While the reflection phase response could be altered by employing
approach is simple to implement, it also does not appear several parameters such as (i) width and length of each
to have been reported in the literature. All simula- ring, (ii) gap between the rings, (iii) no of rings, and (iv)
tions are performed in CST Microwave Studio software aspect ratio between them [10]. The design and analysis
2019. of the elements are presented as follows.

© 2021 IETE
2 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS

Figure 1: Fibonacci series-based concentric square rings: (a) configuration, (b) geometry, and (c) reflection phase response at 14 GHz

2.1 Design Methodology foam thickness is 3 mm, which is selected based on a

compromise between smoothness and the dynamic range
In the above element design, the width of each ring and
of the reflection phase performance [11]. The reflection
the spacing between them are obtained by employing
phase characteristics of the proposed element are esti-
Fibonacci series as given below.
mated and then plotted as a function of the geometrical
Width of the ring, length of the outer ring at 14 GHz in Figure 1 (c). This
figure shows that a smooth phase response is obtained
Wn+2 = Wn+1 + Wn , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . (1)
along with a dynamic phase range of 477°. Additionally,
the reflection magnitude characteristics are calculated
Gap between the rings, and then plotted, as shown in Figure 1(c). The reflection
gn+2 = gn+1 + gn , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . (2) loss is well below 0.2 dB for the considered element [1,9],
which would be a valid option for constructing a low-loss
where W 0 and W 1 are the widths of the first two rings; wideband reflectarray antenna.
g 0 is the gap between the first and second rings; and g 1 is
the gap between the second and third rings. The effect of the angle of incidence on the reflection
phase is estimated at phi ∼ 20° and 35° and theta ∼ 20°
and 35° and plotted as a function of the geometrical
2.2 Design I
length of the element in Figure 1(c). The variation in
Four concentric square rings are printed on an RT the reflection phase of the element is within ±45° for
5880 dielectric substrate with 0.508 mm thickness, these cases. Hence, the proposed element could be used
backed by a foam-loaded reflector with a size of to construct a large offset-fed reflectarray antenna, where
10.71 × 10.71 mm2 , whose configuration and geometry the effect of the angle of incidence plays a vital role
are shown in Figure 1(a) and (b), respectively. Here, the in the element performance. The design and analysis
 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS 3

Figure 2: Fibonacci series-based concentric circular rings: (a) configuration, (b) geometry, and (c) reflection phase response at 15 GHz

of a similar element with circular rings is discussed The effect of the angle of incidence on the reflection
below. phase performance of the circular ring element is also
studied for the theta and phi angles mentioned in the
2.3 Design II previous section. The estimated reflection phase values
are then plotted as a function of the geometrical length
An element with four concentric circular rings is printed of the element in Figure 2(c). Extremely low variation is
on an RT 5880 dielectric substrate with 0.762 mm thick- observed between the phase curves plotted for the con-
ness, which is backed by a foam-loaded conductor with sidered angles of incidence. Therefore, this element could
a size of 10 × 10 mm2 . The configuration and geomet- also be used to construct a very large reflectarray and for
rical descriptions are shown in Figure 2(a) and (b), offset-fed configurations.
respectively.
The design and analysis of reflectarray antennas realized
The reflection magnitude and phase characteristics of the using the above elements are described as follows.
above element are estimated and then plotted as a func-
tion of the geometrical length of the element at 15 GHz
3. WIDEBAND REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA
in Figure 2(c). This figure shows that a linear reflec-
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
tion phase curve with a phase range of 382° is obtained,
and the reflection loss values are noted to be well below The compensation phase values are calculated by consid-
0.17 dB for all the geometrical sizes considered for the ering the feed location to be (0, 0, 140 mm) and the beam
element. Moreover, it is observed from Figures 2(c) and direction to be (θ b = 0°, φ b = 0°) [1]. The phase distri-
1(c) that, the lower slope i.e. better linear phase response bution of reflectarray design I is estimated at 14 GHz and
is noted for concentric circular-ring element than that of is shown in Figure 3(a). For design II, the phase distribu-
the one obtained for concentric square-ring element [10]. tion is obtained at 15 GHz, as depicted in Figure 3(b). By
4 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS

Figure 3: Estimated phase distributions of reflectarrays designed using Fibonacci series-based concentric (a) square rings (design I) and
(b) circular rings (design II)

Figure 4: Fabricated prototypes of wideband reflectarrays designed using elements based on (a) square rings and (b) circular rings.

considering these phase distributions and the elements’ analysed, and the optimum performance is obtained for
reflection phase values shown in Figures 1(c) and 2(c), a focal distance of 138.5 mm and an inter-element spac-
the geometrical sizes of the elements are obtained appro- ing of 10.71 mm. Subsequently, the reflectarray is fabri-
priately for constructing two reflectarray antennas. Then, cated and then experimentally evaluated for the radiation
the realized reflectarrays along with a centre-fed pyra- patterns and gain performance. The simulated and mea-
midal horn are analysed with the help of the simulation sured Co- and X-pol radiation patterns in the H- and
tool. E-planes at 15 and 10.4 GHz are plotted in Figure 5(a)
and (b), respectively.
Once the optimum performance was achieved, the reflec-
tarrays were fabricated and tested at an anechoic chamber The above figures show that the main lobes and first side-
facility at the Satellite Application Center, ISRO, Ahmed- lobe levels of the simulated and measured patterns are
abad, for their radiation pattern characteristics. The gains in good agreement. Slight deviations are noted in other
of the reflectarray antennas were estimated using a modi- side-lobe levels, which could be due to the alignment of
fied two-antenna method [12]. The fabricated prototypes the feed horn, diffractions by the mounting structure,
of the two reflectarrays along with their mounting struc- and fabrication tolerance [10]. Figure 5(a) and (b) show
tures are shown in Figure 4(a) and (b). The realization that a side-lobe level of −15 dB and 3-dB beam-widths
and analysis of these reflectarray antennas are discussed of approximately 7.5° and 8° are obtained in the H- and
as follows. E- planes, respectively. The cross-polarization values are
well below −35 dB in the H-plane and −25 dB in the
E-plane.
3.1 Wideband Reflectarray Design I
A reflectarray with a size of 20 × 20 cm2 is constructed The simulated and experimental gain values of the reflec-
with 18 × 18 concentric square ring elements. It is then tarray designed with concentric square ring elements
 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS 5

Figure 6: Simulated and measured gain values of the reflectarray

antenna realized with concentric square ring elements

Figure 5: Simulated and measured Co-and X-pol radiation pat-

terns of the reflectarray with concentric square ring-based ele-
ments in the (a) H-plane at 15 GHz and (b) E-plane at 10.4 GHz

are displayed as a function of frequency in Figure 6.

A significant discrepancy is noted between both gains.
To understand the reason behind this discrepancy, the
characteristics of the substrate used for fabrication were
measured, as the dielectric constant and loss tangent
assumed in simulation were 2.2 and 0.0009, respectively
(library data). The dielectric measurements were carried
out using the NRW method [13]. Four samples were cho-
sen from different parts of the same RT5880 laminate.
The copper coating was etched by dipping the laminate
in nitric acid for approximately 10 min. The objective of
this study was to check the variation in the dielectric Figure 7: Measured characteristics of four RT5880 substrate sam-
constant and loss tangent values and thus the homogene- ples as a function of frequency: (a) dielectric constant and (b) loss
ity of the above substrate. The dielectric measurements tangent
were carried out in the X band, and the results are pre-
sented in the frequency range of interest of 10–12 GHz.
The estimated dielectric constant and loss tangent values
of the above-mentioned samples are plotted as a func- It could also be attributed to a tolerance associated with
tion of frequency in Figure 7(a) and (b), respectively, the etching process, since the residual conductive coat-
where substantial variation is noted when compared to ing might be there even after the above etching pro-
the assumed values. This could possibly be caused by cess. These factors could considerably alter the dielectric
cutting a portion of the PCB board as it affects the parameters of the substrate, thereby the antenna perfor-
homogeneity. mance. Based on these studies, the gains of reflectarray
6 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS

are estimated again using a simulation tool by incor-

porating the measured dielectric constant and loss tan-
gent values of 2.7 and 0.08 (maximum values), respec-
tively. The resultant gains are plotted as a function of
frequency in Figure 6 (dashed line). These simulated
gains exhibit a better match with the measured gains
than those obtained earlier, but some deviations are still
noted. This could be due to the fabrication tolerance,
diffractions caused by the mounting structure, and align-
ment and position of the feed horn during measurement
[10,14].

While it is generally assumed that foam has unity dielec-

tric constant and zero loss, it is possible that commercial
foams, such as the one used in this study, can exhibit
higher values, with different foams sourced from differ-
ent vendors exhibiting variations. This factor can pos-
sibly account for the higher reflection loss observed in
this work. In order to approximately examine this, a
simulation-based study was carried out to obtain the
reflection magnitude and phase results for various dielec-
tric constant and loss tangent values of foam dielectric
substrate. The results are plotted for the worst-case sce-
narios in Figure 8(a) and (b) for square and circular
rings, respectively. It is noted from these figures that, Figure 8: Reflection magnitude and phase values as a function
the maximum reflection phase variation and loss that are of element dimension for various dielectric constant and loss tan-
exhibited by the foam dielectric could be up to 50 Degrees gent values of the foam substrate (a) square rings and (b) circular
and −6 dB, respectively. It is possible to believe that the rings
significant variation observed in measured gain values in
Figures 6 and 11 could also have been caused by the foam
used in this study. is noted for the element dimension of 8 mm. There-
fore, it can be concluded that the element bandwidth is
In this work, the wideband performance is achieved by enhanced by both the element geometry and the thick
the combined effect of both the thick foam substrate and foam loaded substrate [9,11] resulting in a wider gain-
the element structures as noted from [1–11]. To substan- bandwidth performance of a reflectarray.
tiate this statement, a simulation-based study was carried
out to see how the reflection phase performance of multi- Figure 6 shows that a 2.5 dB gain bandwidth of approx-
square and circular rings changes by considering various imately 46.2% is achieved for the reflectarray realized
foam thicknesses 0.2, 0.9, 1.6, 2.3, and 3 mm. The esti- using concentric square ring elements, with an operat-
mated values of reflection magnitude and phase are plot- ing frequency range of 10–16 GHz. The peak gain and
ted as a function of element dimension in Figure 9(a) and aperture efficiency values are noted to be 25 dB and 44%,
(b), respectively. It is interesting to note that, for a given respectively.
element geometry, better reflection loss performance is
noted for the foam thickness of 3 mm, which is found to Next, the design and analysis of the reflectarray realized
be an optimal one as reported in a previous work [11]. with concentric circular ring elements are discussed.
The simulation-based study also shows that an appropri-
ate element geometry could compensate for the dielectric
3.2 Wideband Reflectarray Design II
losses, which is consistent with the findings reported
in [9]. A 21 × 21 cm2 reflectarray is constructed with 20 × 20
circular ring structure-based elements. Then, this
It is observed from the above figures that, a smooth antenna is analysed for its radiation pattern and gain
reflection phase performance is achieved for all the cho- characteristics. Here, the focal distance and inter-element
sen foam thicknesses except for 1.6 mm, where a spike spacing are varied to attain an optimum gain-bandwidth
 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS 7

Figure 9: Reflection magnitude and phase values as a function of

element size for different foam thicknesses (a) square rings and (b)
circular rings Figure 10: Simulated and measured Co-and X-pol radiation pat-
terns of the reflectarray with concentric circular ring-based ele-
ments in the (a) H-plane at 15 GHz and (b) E-plane at 13.8 GHz

performance, and they are found to be 115 and 10.1 mm,

respectively. The simulated and measured Co- and X-pol
patterns in the H- and E-planes at 15 and 13.8 GHz are
plotted in Figure 10(a) and (b), respectively. A reasonable
match is noted, and the side-lobe level is approximately
−12 dB in both planes. The 3-dB beam-widths of approx-
imately 6.25° and 6.6° are attained in the H- and E-planes,
respectively. Additionally, the cross-polarization values
are well below −35 dB with respect to the peak value of
the main lobe in both planes.

The simulated and measured gains of the reflectarray

designed with circular ring elements are plotted as a func-
tion of frequency in Figure 11, where a large deviation Figure 11: Simulated and measured gain values as a function of
is noted between them. A simulation-based study was frequency
carried out, and it was noted that the deviation could
be due to the non-optimization of the feed position [14]
during the time-bound measurement. To demonstrate distances of 115 and 140 mm and the measured gains are
this, the radiation patterns and gains are obtained at a plotted in Figure 11. A good match is noted between the
focal distance of 140 mm. The calculated co-pol radia- simulated gains obtained at a focal distance of 140 mm
tion patterns are plotted along with one estimated at a and the measured gains compared to that of the gains
focal distance of 115 mm in Figure 10(a) and (b) at the estimated at 115 mm, as evidenced in Figure 11 [14].
respective frequencies. A good correlation is observed This shows that the optimal gains are obtained at a focal
between both patterns. The simulated gains at the focal distance of 115 mm, where a 2.5-dB gain bandwidth of
8 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS

Table 1: Radiation performances of two reflectarray antenna designs

Peak aperture
Gain bandwidth Peak gain, dB efficiency, % X-Pol, dB Operating
Element Design Array size, No. of frequency
Design geometry frequency, GHz cm2 elements Reference % Sim. Meas. Sim. Meas. Sim. Meas. range, GHz
I 14 20 × 20 18 × 18 2.5-dB 46.2 25 20.15 44 13 −40 −35 10–16

II 15 21 × 21 20 × 20 1-dB 11 27.6 27.8 53 53.4 −38 −35 13.8–15.4

2.5-dB 14.5 13.4–15.6

Table 2: Performance comparison two proposed reflectarrays with other reported works
Gain-Bandwidth, %
Element Phase range, Aperture size, Peak gain, Maximum Dual-
Reference Freq., GHz size (λ0 ) Degrees (λ0 ) 1-dB 3-dB dB Peak eff., % X-Pol, dB polarization
[15] 10 0.53 430 4.8 × 4.8 23 29 21.6 40 −24.9 Yes
[16] 10 0.47 600 8.9 × 8.9 31.5 – 25.8 50 −26 No
[17] 10 0.33 423 10 × 10 16.3 – 26.4 44.27 −31.6 Yes
[18] 15 0.52 500 10.9 × 10.9 24 (1.5 dB) 32.7 25.2 22 −25 Yes
Design #1 14 0.5 477 9.3 × 9.3 37.5 47.3 25 44 −40 Yes
Design #2 15 0.5 382 10.5 × 10.5 11 15 27.6 53 −38 Yes

approximately 14.5% with an operating frequency range and measurement. The peak aperture efficiency of about
of 13.8–15.4 GHz and also a 1-dB gain-bandwidth of 53% is obtained. The cross-polarization value of both
11% operating in 13.4–15.6 GHz are achieved. The max- reflectarrays is found to be about −35 dB. It is noted
imum gain and aperture efficiency values are found to be from the above studies that a wider gain bandwidth for
approximately 27.8 dB and 53.4%, respectively. Here, a the former reflectarray and a better gain performance
moderate bandwidth is observed, which is largely due to for the latter reflectarray are achieved. This study shows
the moderate phase range provided by the element (typ- that the choice of element structure and the geometri-
ically 382°) and the very high gain performance for a cal parameters of a reflectarray system should be selected
given aperture, as the gain-bandwidth product is constant in accordance with the desired bandwidth and gain
[9–11]. Therefore, the gain and bandwidth performance values.
could be decided based on a compromise between them
for a given reflectarray aperture [1,11]. The performance of above reflectarrays is compared with
the one reported with similar elements in Table 2. It
is noted that the concentric-square ring element based
4. DISCUSSION reflectarray (Design #1) exhibits a wider bandwidth than
the reported structures. The concentric-circular ring ele-
The simulated and measured gain, aperture efficiency,
ment based reflectarray (Design #2) offers a peak gain
and operating bandwidth performances obtained for the
and aperture efficiency of about 27 dB and 53%, which
two reflectarray designs are listed in Table 1. The reflec-
are higher than the one noted for other reported reflec-
tarray designed with square ring elements exhibited a
tarrays. The X-pol performance of both proposed reflec-
very wide gain bandwidth of 46.2% (2.5 dB reference)
tarrays is better than others. Having noted the better
with moderate gain of 25 dB by simulation. But the
gain and wider bandwidth, the proposed reflectarrays
measured gain is obtained to be 20.15 dB, the devia-
could be used in various space, automotive, and radar
tion between simulation and experiment could be largely
applications.
due to the non-homogeneity of the substrate used for
fabrication as discussed in Section 3.1. The peak aper-
ture efficiency of 44% and 13% is obtained by simula-
5. CONCLUSION
tion and experiment, respectively and the deviation is
due to the one explained before. Next, to demonstrate Simulation and experimental analyses of two wideband
that the above moderate gain performance is due to the reflectarray antennas realized with the concentric square
wide gain bandwidth, the reflectarray antenna using con- and circular rings were presented, where the elements are
centric circular ring-based elements was analysed. This designed by employing Fibonacci series. A 2.5-dB gain-
reflectarray exhibited a very high gain of about 27.8 dB bandwidth of the reflectarray designed with the former is
with a moderate bandwidth of 14.5% by both simulation achieved as 46.2% and with the latter as approximately
 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS 9

14.5% (1-dB gain-bandwidth of 11%) with better gain 8. M. Fazaelifar, S. Jam, and R. Basiri, “Design and fabrication
performance. of a wideband reflectarray antenna in Ku and K bands,”
AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communi-
cations, Vol. 95, pp. 304–12, 2018.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The substrate measurements reported in Figure 7 were car- 9. J. Ethier, M. R. Chaharmir, and J. Shaker, “Loss reduc-
ried out by M. Anjali, Research Scholar, at the Microwave Lab, tion in reflectarray designs using sub-wavelength coupled-
Department of Physics, IIT Madras. The authors extend their resonant elements,” IEEE Trans. Ant. and Prop., Vol. 60, no.
sincere thanks to her and Prof. V. Subramanian, Department of 11, pp. 5456–9, 2012.
Physics, IIT Madras for the insightful comments.
10. P. Nayeri, F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni. Reflectarray anten-
nas – theory, designs, and applications. New York: IEEE
FUNDING Press, John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
This work was supported by the Indian Space Research Orga-
11. V. Lingasamy, M. G. N. Alsath, K. T. Selvan, and R. Jyoti, “A
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10 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS

AUTHORS include electromagnetics and antenna theory, design and mea-

surements. He is also keen about electromagnetic education, in
particular, and higher education, in general. In these areas, he
V. Lingasamy is currently working as has authored or coauthored a number of journal papers and
Technical Lead at HCL Technologies on conference papers and talks. He is an editor for the online jour-
Keysight LTE-CV2X RF conformance test- nal FERMAT, and was earlier on the editorial boards of the
ing project. He has worked as a Senior International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided
Research Fellow and as Junior Research Engineering and the International Journal of Antennas and
Fellow in the ISRO-RESPOND project at Propagation. He founded the Madras Chapter of IEEE Anten-
SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam. nas and Propagation Society in 2013. He has been involved in
He has authored and co-authored six jour- several major conferences and workshops, both as a speaker
nal papers and presented several papers in national and inter- and as an organizer. Selvan was a member of the Education
national conferences. He is an active member of IEEE, and Committee of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
positioned as an executive member and treasurer of IEEE AP-S from 2006 to 2018. He took major lead in proposing, formulat-
Madras Chapter. He is a reviewer of IEEE Antennas and Prop- ing and administering the IEEE AP-S Region 10 Distinguished
agation Letters, IET Microwave Antennas and Propagation, Speaker programme for promoting EM education. He was also
and ACES Journal. His research interests include reflectarray a Distinguished Speaker for 2015–16 under this programme.
antennas, lens antennas, antenna measurements, horn anten- On an invitation from IEEE AP-S Taiwan Chapter, he visited
nas, printed antennas, and RF testing. National Taiwan University in July 2016 and gave a talk on his
Corresponding author. Email: lingasamyap@ gmail.com; EM education -related initiatives in South India.
lingasamy.v@ hcl.com Email: selvankt@ ssn.edu.in

Krishnasamy T. Selvan received his B.E. Rajeev Jyoti, has outstanding experience
(Honours) degree from A.C. College of of more than 30 years in the design,
Engineering & Technology, Karaikudi, in analysis and development of antennas of
1987, M.S. degree from Birla Institute of microwave payloads required for ISRO
Technolgy & Science, Pilani, in 1996, and Space borne Communication &Remote
Ph.D. degree from Jadavpur University, sensing and Navigational Satellites. He has
Kolkata, in 2002. He received a Post Grad- been at ESTEC, European Space Agency
uate Certificate in Higher Education from (ESA), The Netherland for 14 months as
the University of Nottingham, UK, in 2007. Selvan has been UN fellow on Antenna & propagation. As Deputy Director
a Professor in the Department of Electronics & Communi- of Microwave Remote Sensing Area of Space Applications
cation Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, India, since Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, he has designed, developed and
June 2012. From early 2005 to mid-2012, he was with the delivered complex microwave payloads related to Scatterom-
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University eter, Radar Imaging Satellite-2B, Dual frequency SAR and
of Nottingham Malaysia Campus. He also held the positions Ka-band radar Altimeter for Chandrayaan-II missions and is
of Assistant Director of Teaching and Learning and Deputy leading technology development and advanced Research and
Director of Studies. During August-September 2009, he was a Development programme in sub-millimeter wave/THz pay-
Visiting Scholar at the University of Nottingham, UK. From loads, High resolution multi-frequency Scatterometers, multi-
early 1988 to early 2005, he was with SAMEER – Centre for frequency wide swath and high resolution Synthetic Aperture
Electromagnetics, a government of India’s microwave research Radars etc. He has published more than 100 technical papers
institution, in Chennai, India. During 1994–1997, he was the in various conferences and referred Journals. He is the inven-
Principal Investigator of a collaborative research programme tors of seven new technologies having international patents. He
that SAMEER had with the National Institute of Standards has received ISRO merit and performance excellence award for
and Technology, USA. Later he was the Project Manager of his notable contribution of satellite payload technology and has
some successfully completed antenna development projects. also received ISRO team excellence award as team leader sev-
From early 1988 to mid-1990, on deputation from SAMEER, he eral times.
worked at IIT Kanpur on a radar clutter measurement project.
During February to April 1994, he held an UNDP Fellow- Email: rajeevjyoti@ sac.isro.gov.in
ship at RFI Industries, Australia. Selvan’s professional interests
 L. VELUCHAMY ET AL.: CONCENTRIC RING-BASED ELEMENTS FOR KU-BAND APPLICATIONS 11

Sravan Kumar Sagi is the Head of Satel- Aperture Helical Circular Array Antenna at L5 & S-bands
lite Communications Antenna Division, for IRNSS, Dual Gridded Reflector Antenna at C band for
SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad with additional GSAT-16, 18 (24% Bandwidth), Helix Array with Square coax.
responsibilities as the Deputy Director Feed NW for improved EOC Gain, XPI (GSAT-15), Phased
for GSAT-16 antennas and project man- Array Antenna at Ku-band for GISAT, Common aperture L1,
ager for IRNSS, GISAT, HSP antenna pro- L5, S-band antenna for future IRNSS systems, Single DGR
grams. He received B.E. in Electronics antenna RF design for future payloads over Normal C-Tx,
and Communication Engineering from Rx (3.7–4.2 GHz, 5.9–6.4 GHz) and upper extended C-Tx, Rx
Andhra University (1997) and M. E. in Microwave & Radar bands (4.5–4.8 GHz, 6.7–7 GHz), 8×4 Dual polarized multi-
from University of Roorkee, India (1999). He joined ISRO layer C-Tx, C-Rx patch array antennas for Antarctica beam
in 1999. He is working in the field of communication, Nav- (GSAT-17), Problem diagnosis & RF design verification of
igation satellite antennas, & ground terminal antennas. His GSAT-17, GSAT-18, RISAT-2A antennas, Design of Frequency
research interests include wide band, multi frequency printed selective sub-reflector antennas at various bands.
antennas, microstrip reflectarray antennas, High power helical
Email: sravan@ sac.isro.gov.in
array antennas, Shared aperture antennas, Frequency Selec-
tive Surfaces and Array synthesis techniques. His major con-
tributions in the field of satellite antennas include: Shared

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