Part Ma

QUESTION ANSWER a)
When reducing the angle of fuel injection Operating power of the engine to be more than 80%.
timing with purpose to equalize the
maximum pressure (Pz) in the engine
cylinders, what condition should be taken
into account?

A crack in the cylinder head of a marine Intake valves overheating

diesel engine may most likely result from:

A fuel start may be optimal for: Тhermal tension

A high pressure setting of an opening of Increasing of the fuel burned in the second phase of
the fuel oil injection valve causes ? burning.

After how many working hours, TC bearings

should be replaced, even if all of their 25,000.
working parameters are normal?

At the expense of which parameter are The use of modern hi-tech materials for the production
newer generations of Ship Internal of piston cylinder groups.
Combustion Engines less sensitive to wear
on their piston-cylinder groups?

By changing the cross section at the outlet Surge limit line

of the nozzle what position can be
changed?

By clarification mode we mean a mode in

None of the below
which basic we separate?
By periodic monitoring of the “breathing” Degree of misalignment of the crankshaft with the shaft
of the crankshafts of Ship Internal (electric generator).
Combustion Engines we can establish the:

Can fuel separation replace (fuel) filtration? Only for four stroke engines.
Can the four stroke engines be reversible? yes

Change over from distilled fuel to heavy In order not to thermally overload the engine.
fuel oil and vice versa is done at a lower
than the nominal loads of the engine in
order to:

Checking and static adjustment of the Main

engine fuel oil injection pump is done by Checking of the setting before repair.
data from?
Compression pressure is an indirect The equal distribution of mechanical load across
diagnostic indicator of: cylinders.
Proportional of the increase of the effectiveness of the
Condensate overcooling is?
turbine equipment.
Contamination of the working fluid in the Fluid losses from the mechanical seals
hydraulic system above the permissible
levels results in:

Data for the following operations carried Accidental discharge of oil, switching of the automatic
out in the engine room are also recorded in discharge system to automatic / manual mode,
the oil record book : ballasting of cargo hold

Due to inspection or repair, the boiler must Let the boiler cool down without doing anything. Then
be emptied. If we have enough time, how we pump out the boiler water.
will we conduct this operation?

During discharging bilge water from bilge

tank through bilge separator (oily water
Transfer a oil residue to the incinerator service tank
separator), when the level in а tank reaches
for burning.
the border between water and oil residue,
what will be your correct actions?

During a voyage, when painting with an air Revolutions of the turbocharger can increase
gun close to unprotected turbocharger
filters, it is possible to:

During boiler operation it is found that a over feed of the boiler

water levels not visible. When the boiler Is
blown down the water level is noticeable
and immediately increases. What is the
reason?

During the preparation for the operation of Time of the main operations.
the turbine system, the engineer of the
watch must record in the engine log book:

Erosive destruction of a tube in the heat High velocity of the cooling water.
exchanger can be a result of:

Faster fuel oil change-over from light fuel Seizure of the Fuel oil high pressure pump’s plungers
oil (MDO) to high fuel oil (HFO)can cause ? and fuel oil injection valve’s nozzle tip needle

Filters used in shipping are usually made: With two sections

From a thermodynamic point of view, Depends on the load of the engine.

engine cooling:
Fuel filters are: For low pressure, for high pressure
Fuel oil heating steam pressure should not
0.5 MPa.
exceed:

Fuel systems servicing the Main engine are: For light fuel oil.
How do the clearances in the lever system There are continuous fluctuations in the speed.
between the governor and the fuel rack
affect the operation of the engine?

How is the engine starter connected to the Constantly connected

crankshaft?
How many degrees ºС do we need to raise 10 - 15 ºС.
the temperature of the superheated steam
to increase the boiler efficiency by 1%?

How many times will the thermal load on It remains the same.
the stator coils increase if the current load
of an asynchronous generator is doubled?

How much can the limit pressure of the 1.3 times

counter-steam be increased when the
steam turbine is reversed?

How should the separator be operated in Separation at the required temperature and low
order to obtain the best separation results? speed.

How the roller bearings are calculated by? Static load workload.

How we recognize the leaking nozzle tip When we observe fast pressure drop during closed
during a stand test? needle valve.
How will we protect the boiler from Add 5% chlorine and fill the boiler up.
corrosion in case of prolonged inactivity?

How will you mount a ball bearing to the Will heat the ball bearing in oil bath and then will
centrifugal pump shaft? mount to the shaft.
If a hydraulic pump on a hydraulic winch Very high pump operating pressure
overheats the cause could be?
If a trunk Ship Internal Combustion Engine It depends on the condition of the oil, but not less than
has been in operation for 24 hours without 20 minutes.
separating its lub. oil, when switching on
the separator, what between-flushing time
period must be selected?

If maximum fuel oil supply pressure is used The engine RPM and the viscosity of the fuel at the time
in diagnostics, we need the values for: the measurements are taken.

If the alkalinity of the boiler water is P = 450 Increasing the dosage of added chemicals.
PPM calcium carbonate, what will be the
appropriate action?
If the boiler water level drops rapidly and Increase the flow rate of the feed pump until the water
cannot be kept within the permissible limits level reaches the normal level.
using standard procedures, we must:

If the boiler water salinity is 500 PPM, what Blowing and checking the condenser for leaks.
action should be taken?
If the color of the surface layer of the main Water in oil.
bearing white metal is black and of high
hardness and there are scratches on the
crankshaft journal, what is the probable
reason?

If the cooling water temperature at the Air bubbles in cooling water.

outlet of the auxiliary engine is lower than
normal, the most likely cause is

If the total acidity of the lubricating oil of Coagulation of the antifriction alloy of the bearings.
the ICE increases, this can lead to:
If there are no original gaskets for the Klinger
centrifugal pump, what material should be
used for making a new gasket?

If there is a pressure in the crankcase of the All listed

trunk piston engine, which is detected by
raising the oil level plug, the reason is:

In case of unstable operation of the Turning off the governor

turbocharger unit, which of the following
actions will not lead to an improvement in
the operation of the turbocharger?

In order to avoid fuel oil spill when filling Tanks should not be filled above the level of the
the tanks: overflow tank bottom.
In order to maintain а half-hour readiness The mode can also be achieved with an unheated
of a turboelectric steam generator, turbine In half an hour.

In what range should the current be found 8-16A

under normal acid battery charging 12V
160Ah?

In which of the aforementioned accidents The gap is increased below the main poles.
can the DC generator produce higher and
lower than normal voltage?

In which of the following cases the DC The brushes are offset by the neutral line
generator can generate higher or lower
voltage than the normal?
Incomplete combustion in a steam boiler is Water vapor
indicated by the presence in the exhaust
of:

Inspection and setting up of static Engine instruction manual from the manufacturer.
adjustment of high pressure fuel pump of
ICE is performed according to data from:

It is important to follow the maintenance

It is a priority for the bowl cleaning
order for the purifiers . Why?

Low opening pressure of the fuel valve reducing the fuel burned during the second phase of
causes combustion

Marine engine operates with black smoke. Lack of tightness in the engine valves.

Maximum fuel injection pressure is a The condition of the fuel equipment (system).
diagnostic indicator of:
Mean indicated pressure is a direct
Uniform distribution of the engine power.
diagnostic method for?
Mechanical efficiency depends on: mechanical efficiency decreases as the holes of
injectors increase
Non-hermetic injection valve on the fuel reducing of the load index
pump causes:
Oil entering the ICE water cooling system Worsening of heat exchange in the cooling system
will cause:
Oxygen content in condensate mustn’t
0,05-0,1 mg/l
exceeds:
Prior to starting the boiler burner, which of Checking the operation of safety valves.
the above actions is most important?

Prolonged operation of a centrifugal pump activation of the electric motor overload protection
with a closed discharge (delivery) valve
results in:

Provided the technical condition of the

engine is sound, the compression pressure Lifting of the exhaust valve.
is regulated by:
Purification mode means a process of Water and mechanical impurities are separated from
operation in which the fuel.
Reduced fuel pressure after opening the Shorter active stroke of the plunger.
fuel valve can be caused by:
Reduction of the maximum fuel oil supply
Reduced plunger working stroke.
pressure can be caused by?
Removal of the scale from steam boilers in Magnetic resonance method.
operation is done by:
Resistance of unknown value can be The two instruments are parallel to the resistance.
checked / measured using the voltmeter-
ampermeter method. How should the two
devices be connected to the resistance?

Roller bearings are selected according to Running hours

their
Ship’s purifiers are mostly? Self- Ejecting
The API oil classification defines with Viscosity of the oils.
English letters:
The auxiliary boiler safety relief valve must: open when the boiler pressure exceeds the
permissible operating pressure.
The beginning of fuel injection can be Thermal load.
optimal for:
The boiler water gauge glass must be blown Remove adhesive from the glass.
down periodically in order to:
The crankshaft deflection gives information Misalignment of the main bearings
about:
The current reference value of compression Measurements during operation.
pressure is determined by:

The damping properties of the bearing The thickness of the plates

packages are due to:
The damping properties of the bearing The plates calibration and their arrangement within the
packages are due to: package.
The electric starter is: Transformer
The engine spins to starting rpm, but does The oil temperature is too low.
not start. Why?
The exhaust gas boiler operation during low Hydrochloric acid.
engine loads result in low-temperature
corrosion of the heating surfaces. This is
due to the presence of:

The function of the starter in the starting To provide sufficient power which can turn the
system is: crankshaft

The heat intensity during heavy fuel oil

operation with higher heating temperature Higher.
is?
The high opening pressure of the fuel valve Over-tightening of the spring.
(injector) can be caused by:
The Increase of crankcase pressure in trunk- overspeed of the engine
piston engine indicates:
The leakage of the exhaust valve can be the inlet temperature in scavenging ports
determined by the compression pressure
and:
The load at which the bearings can Dynamic load capacity.
withstand 1 million revolutions without
showing signs of pitting in the work bodies
or rings determines:

The low opening pressure of the fuel valve Insufficient tension of the valve spring.
can be caused by:
The maximum fuel oil supply pressure is a
The overall condition of the fuel oil supply equipment.
diagnostic measure for?
The number of measurement points in the the output of ME
cylinder liner of the main engine depends
on:

The oil pressure is normal when starting the Low viscosity index
engine. When the engine is loaded, as its
temperature increases, the pressure
decreases due to:

The oil record book also records the Bunkering fuel, discharging oily water, transferring oil
following information in the engine room: between tanks.

The overcooling of the condensate is: Requirement of the technical operation to reduce
internal losses in the turbine.
The oxygen content of the condensate 0.05 - 0,01 mg/l.
water must not exceed:
The periodic monitoring of the crankshaft The degree of misalignment of the main journal.
deflection reveals:
The permissible water content of marine Does not affect the quality of the combustion process
fuel
The plate of the three-phase asynchronous Star.
electric motor is marked 230/380 V. How
will we connect the phases of its stator coil
for its connection to a standard voltage of
380 V?

The pressure of the fuel heating steam shall 0,7 Mpa

not exceed:
The product of incomplete combustion in a Water vapor
steam boiler is the presence in the exhaust
of:

The purpose of the planned maintenance to reduce the number of engineers of the watch
system is:
The purpose of the starter in the starting depends on the engine design
system

The ship’s compartment where a batteries

are charged should be well ventilated
Highly toxic gases.
because during charging a gases which are
discharged are?
The ship’s settling tanks are part of? Fuel oil heating system.
The start of wear of a first piston ring can The temperature of the head near the exhaust valve.
be determined by the compression
pressure and:

The strongest effect on the change in the The quantity of fuel supplied
mean indicator pressure is due to:
The temperature of oil which flows in 55- 65 o C
turbocharger bearings should be
The temperature of the exhaust gas of the Water content in the fuel.
cylinder of the Ship Internal Combustion
Engines is high. Why?

The transition from diesel oil to heavy fuel not to thermally overload the engine.
and vice versa is made at a load lower than
the nominal in order:

The transition from heavy to diesel oil As soon as possible to reduce the consumption of heavy
should be done: fuel.

The water economizer increases the boiler 6 ºС.

efficiency by utilizing heat from the exhaust
gas after the boiler. In order to increase the
temperature of the feed water by 1ºC, it
reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas
by:

The water level in the boiler sight glass is

High chloride content and high alkalinity of the boiler
unstable and does not stay in the certain
water.
position. What is the probable reason?

To avoid fuel spills when filling tanks, you Close the inlet valve to reduce flow.
must:

To what extent can the back-steam

pressure be increased during steam turbine 1.5 times.
reversing?
Under the term "lapping" of valve to the fitting the valve to the valve seat to ensure the
valve seat we understand maximum contact between valve and valve seat
Under the term water seal of the separator Water level in the separator maintained by the gravity
we understand? discs
Under what conditions is an external Constant specific fuel oil consumption.
characteristic obtained?

Usually, boiler water sample is taken? Before boiler blow down and adding of chemicals.

We should pay special attention to the

cleaning of the piston ring grooves while To allow the piston rings to fit in the grooves.
cleaning the piston. Why?
Wear down of the main engine crankshaft measuring the oil clearances
is measured by :
What action is needed if the boiler water reducing the dosage of water treatment chemicals and
pH is below 7? partial replacement of the water
What action will we take in case of vibration Stop immediately.
of the turbine when the ship is
accelerating?

What actions are necessary to be taken if Decreasing the dosage of a water treatment chemicals
the boiler water pH > 11? and performing a new analysis of the water.

What actions shall we take after we close We will ensure a duty watchman in the ECR to prevent
the main starting valve prior to entering anyone from entering the engine room
into the crankcase?

What actions should be taken during initial No special care is required during initial operation.
operation of the ICE with one or more main
bearings replaced?

What actions will you take if the pH of the No action is required.

boiler water is below 7?
What actions will you take if the pH of the No action is required.
boiler water is more than 11?
What can be caused during the rapid HP pumps plungers or nozzle needles to jam.
change over from distilled to heavy fuel:

What can be the percentage of the exhaust 0,03 %.

gas temperature deviation between the
cylinders?

What does the mechanical efficiency On the load and increases with its increase.
depend on and how?
What happens in case of a phase insulation A fuse will burn .
breakthrough to the body of an electrical
machine connected to a three-phase
network without a zero conductor and an
insolated star center?

What is the biggest drawback of the belt gea Large dimensions.

What is the daily fresh water consumption

we should guarantee when planning the 120-160 litres/person .
voyage?
What is the difference between the nozzle In the shape of the cross section
guide vanes of steam and gas turbines?

What is the main problem in the Marine

Boiler hydraulic tests, conducted without The tightness of the valves.
disassembling the piping?
What is the main problem with the The hermetic tightness of the valves.
hydraulic tests of the boiler conducted
without dismantling the valves?

What is the main purpose of lower To control the steam pressure at high burner load
blowdown of the boiler?
What is the main purpose of the Ship Steam To determine the composition and smoke of the boiler
Boiler's gas analysis? exhaust gases to measure combustion efficiency.

What is the main reason of improper steam The quality of boiler water.
boiler circulation?
What is the main type of corrosion in an High-temperature corrosion.
exhaust gas steam boiler?

What is the minimal Engine Room

temperature that allows the starting of the 15°C.
Marine Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)?

What is the most appropriate oil sampling From the oil pump suction line.
site for ICE analysis?
What is the organization of compressed air Consistent with the firing order
supply when starting ICE?

What is the percentage of start-up 30 - 40 %.

revolutions compared to the nominal ICE
revolutions?

What is the reason for an

asynchronous/induction (squirrel) cage
motor to be humming/buzzing but not
Blown /burnt fuse for one of the phases.
turning (when connected to the (power)
grid), provided that the electric motor and
the (power) grid are mechanically sound:

What is the reason for the crankcase oil to Water in the oil
become "milky"?
What is the reason for the damages caused General cavitation.
by cavitation on the cylinder liners of a
internal combustion engines?

What is the recommended permissible 180 °С.

metal temperature for the Ship Internal
Combustion Engines fuel valve sprayers?

What is the rule for performing turbine Inspection should be performed at the internal seals
noise inspection? area.
What is the value of mechanical efficiency Infinitely large.
when idling the engine?
What kind of countermeasures will you take
Increase the dosage of a water treatment chemicals
if the pH factor of the boiler water is under
and perform a new analysis of the water.
7?
What kind of instrument can measure the Voltmeter and ammeter
insulation resistance of marine electrical
components?

What preventive action should we take as a Turn on the turning gear and check the oil level and oil
matter of priority before preheating the system performance.
turbine?

What should be the density of the The electrolyte density of the alkaline batteries is
electrolyte in order to stop the charging of constant and does not depend on the degree of
the alkaline batteries? charge.

What should be the structure of the Nest like.

graphite in the cast iron, from which some
crankshafts are made?

What should we do if the plate type cooler We stop, disassemble, check and, if necessary, replace
is leaking after maintenance, if we the rubber gaskets.
tightened the inspection cover to minimum
distance of A?

What type of roulette should not be used Vinyl.

when measuring the cargo level in light
cargo tanks or dehydrated crude oil during
the loading process?

What will be the effect of the continued Increase in the operational time between overhauls due
work at low load on the overhaul interval of to lower engine load.
the main engines?

When air compressor maintenance is Make sure that all consumers are closed for the
complete and we are ready for trial run, it is duration of the test.
important to

When can steam from auxiliary turbine be It can not be used.

used in the main turbine unit?
When can steam from auxiliary In low load modes.
turbomachines be used in the main turbo
gear unit?

When checking the fuel supply phases, Variable start and fixed end of feed.
which of the methods for regulating the
cycle portion of the high pressure fuel
pumps requires to fix the control body in a
specific position ?

When cleaning a four-stroke engine, is it They can be changed if they are the same size.
important not to change the intake with the
exhaust valves and vice versa?
When cleaning the piston, the grooves for so that the piston rings can move freely in the grooves
the piston rings should also be cleaned .
Why?

When cooling sea water centrifugal pump

delivery pressure is increased, probably Dirty cooler.
cause can be ?
When discharging with the oily bilge water We pump the oil to the incinerator tank to burn it.
separator, we reach the oil level in the bilge
tank. What actions do we take?

When is cavitation possible in the steam When the head pressure in the down-comer tubes is
boiler down-comer (water) tubes? equal that of the steamwater drum.

When is cavitation possible in the drainage When the down pipe pressure is greater than the
pipes of watertube boilers? pressure of the steam collector.
When is it dangerous for the fuel supply There is no such danger.
pressure to be higher than normal after
opening the fuel valve?

When is it possible for cavitation to occur in When the pressure in downcomer pipes is lower than
the downcomer pipes of the water tube the pressure of the steam drum.
boilers?

When operating on heavy fuel with a higher Lower

heating temperature, the heat intensity is:

When reducing the angle of fuel injection

timing in order to equalize the maximum
Operating power of the engine to be more than 80%.
pressure (Pz) in the engine cylinders, what
condition should be taken into account?

When should you open the air ventilation After the complete warming up of the boiler.
valve of steam boiler?
When the engine is in good working order, Raising the exhaust valve.
the compression pressure is adjusted by
changing:

When the maximum fuel pressure is used in The rpm and the viscosity of the fuel at which the
the diagnostic process it is necessary to measurements were taken.
have equality between:

When the temperature of the nozzles is Impairment of the fuel spraying quality.
higher than 180 °C there is a possibility of:

When the temperature of the sprayers is Bad dispersion quality.

hgher than 180 ºC, there is a likelihood of:
Where can we find information about From the technical departments of shipping companies
standard environmental conditions for a or agencies.
particular marine engine?

Where do we get information about

standard ambient conditions for a particular From the technical department of the ship’s agency
ship’s Main engine?
Which change in the listed operating Increasing the amount of water in the superheater due
parameters will cause the temperature of to the high bubbling in the boiler.
the superheated steam to increase?

Which condition must be met for the rotor The torque of the centrifugal forces must be as less as
to be dynamically balanced? possible.

The aggregate flywheel moment of gyration towards

Which condition should be satisfied for the
the longitudinal and the transverse axis to be equal to
rotor to be statically balanced?
zero.
Which indicator parameters should be Indicated power and Indicated work
measured in order to obtain the indicator
efficiency?

Which injection angle (beginning of At which mechanical loads are the lowest
injection), measured on the crankshaft, do
we define as nominal?

Which insulation resistance of an electric Over 2 MΩ

machine is considered normal during
operation?

Which is the main way for starting high

speed Marine Internal Combustion Starting with compressed air.
Engines?
Which is the most common reason for high oil temperature
overheating of the main bearings:

Which of the principles below is applied

All of the below.
during Marine Boiler heat transfer?

Which of the answers is correct, if the increase the portion of chemicals

chlorids in seawater reach 50 PPM

Which of the below actions are not part of

Rotor axis deformation prevention during cool down.
the procedure for turbine standstill mode?

Which of the below actions is of greatest

importance when starting the boiler Proper furnace ventilation before starting the burner.
burner?

Which of the below evaporators are used as

elements of the marine fresh water Vacuum evaporator).
generator plants?
Which of the following can cause the All of the above.
overheated steam temperature to rise in
the boiler?
Which of the following causes „Burnout”
Gas corrosion of the material.
of the Main engine pistons material?

Which of the following causes soot deposit Jamming of the nozzle needle.
and clogging of the nozzle holes of the fuel
injector?

Which of the following does not fit into the Ejectors

distillation process?
Which of the following dynamic type pumps Аxial pumps
can achieve a speed ratio of up to 1,000?

Which of the following failures causes an None of the above.

increase in the deposit and closure of the
nozzle openings of the fuel valves:

Which of the following has the strongest The start fuel supply
effect on the variation of the maximum
pressure:

Which of the following indicators can be Indicated efficiency.

obtained by direct measurement?
Which of the following indicators Compression pressure.
characterized the air supply of the engine?

Which of the following malfunctions can Low compression pressure Pc

cause engine smoke?
Which of the following methods of Freezing.
converting seawater to freshwater is most
productive?

Which of the following operations does not Preventing from overheating of the bearings during the
form part of the procedure to bring the cooling down process of the turbine.
turbine to a standby?

Which of the following parameters can be Indicated work.

obtained by direct measurement?
Which of the following parameters changes Opening pressure of the fuel valve
significantly during the transition from
distilled to heavy fuel oil and vice versa:

Which of the following parts of the Roller bearings on the shaft, wear rings of the housing
centrifugal pump are mostly subject to or impeller.
wear and as a rule are changed at every
scheduled maintenance?

Which of the following principles applies to Convection.

the transfer of heat into Ship Steam
Boilers?
Which of the following pumps can be Vortex pump
damaged if the discharge valve is closed
before the motor is stopped?

Which of the following reasons causes a Insufficient lubrication during operation.

decrease in the elasticity of the piston
rings?

Which of the following statements is not When accepting liquid cargo - topping up of the tank
true regarding to the free-surface effects reduces the impact of the free surface.
of liquid cargo on the stability of the ship?

Which of the following statements is not High gear ratios

true regarding the advantages of worm
gears?

Which of the following steam boilers has Water-tube boilers.

the highest boiler water quality
requirements?

Which of the listed below is the most

probable cause for starting fire in the air Leakage in the air heater.
heater?
Which of the oil system types has the Lubrication using a self-contained gravity oil system.
lowest reliability in terms of bearing unit
performance?

Which of the turbine preheat methods is With a standard steam turbine heating system for
prioritized for ship steam turbines? rotation and with the help of a turning device.

Combined method: initially with low pressure working

Which of these is the main method for
steam and turning the flywheel, then with working
marine turbine pre-heating?
steam only.

Which oil temperature it is called "critical" the temperature at which the oil loses its additives.

Which parameter is critical when finalizing Differences in body temperatures between control
the turbine heating? points.

Which parameter taken from the fuel The change in fuel supply pressure from lifting the
diagram indicates the state of the openings needle to maximum pressure.
of the nozzles while the engine is running?

Which statement about the procedure for The pipeline is well purged, the vessels are rinsed with
the boiler water analysis is incorrect? the same water.

Which statement is true regarding the oil oil pressure and viscosity do not determine the stability
wedge? of the oil wedge

Which waterproof compartment ìs not Deep tanks

equipped with a measuring pipeline?
Why do many engine manufacturers In order to compensate for the thermal expansion
recommend that the sealing surfaces of the
valve and the seat have a half degree
difference in the exhaust and intake valves?

Why is it necessary to turn the engine To provide fresh air to the cylinders for safe starting of
before starting (turning the engine by the engine.
compressed air)?

Why it is necessary to ensure during to prevent leaks

assembling of the plate type heat
exchanger that the connections are
tightened to position "A"

Why must the purge valve be open during To check that the compressor does not have back
starting of the air compressor? pressure due to a suction valve leak.
Will the rotation speed of a running The rotation speed will increase.
asynchronous motor with a wound rotor
change if its impedance in the rotor circuit
is increased?

Witch an advantage of the steam air heater

makes them applicable in ship’s steam Their high heating efficiency.
plant?
With a constant brake-specific fuel The mean effective pressure.
consumption, which of the following
indicators increases most when increasing
the rpm?

With O-rings on the cylinder liner of a In the high pressure suction filter for cylinders.
water-cooled air compressor, where is
water most likely to appear when the
compressor is started?

With which device the insulation resistance

of the ship's electrical equipment can be Megaohmmeter.
measured?

Мost of the engine manufacturers

recommend replacing the seals between
To improve of the cylinder liner cooling.
cylinder liner and cylinder head every time
during piston overhaul. Why?
 Part Maintenance and Repair
ANSWER b) ANSWER c)
Maximum compression pressure (Pc) deviation to be a & b
in the permissible value.

Blocked cooling ducts and / or spaces Heat transmitted to the head from the exhaust gases

Specific fuel consumption Has no effect

Increasing of the fuel burned in the third and fourth
a&b
phases of burning.

12,000. 30,000.

The application of new generations of combustion Higher stock of excess air ratio α.
apparatus /Common rail ; EFI/.

The curve of the working mode The compressor efficiency curves.

Separate water and mechanical impurity from the fuel

Separate mechanical impurity from the fuel oil only.
oil.
Degree of wear of the main shaft journals and Degree of wear of the main shaft journals
bearings.

Yes. Only for two stroke engines.

only high-speed four stroke engines no

In order not to overload the engine mechanically. "A" and "B".

Test reports from the last repair. Engine stand test reports.

Even distribution of temperature load across cylinders. Even distribution of operation on cylinders.

Theoretically, has no effect on the operation of the Requirement of the technical operation for reducing
turbine equipment. the turbine internal losses.
Fluid losses from the gaskets Changing the slope of the pump characteristic.

Discharge of dirty ballast from fuel tanks, incineration Bunkering of fuel, discharge of bilge water, transfer of
of liquid waste, discharge of dirty ballast from ballast lubricating oil between tanks.
tanks.

We unload the boiler by forcing the safety valves to We empty the boiler by performing a lower and upper
open and perform the operation. blow down.

Continue discharging- Bilge separator discharge oil Transfer the oil residue to Boiler service tank for
residue only to incinerator service tank. burning.

The temperature of the exhaust gases can increase. Revolutions of the turbocharger can decrease

very high steam consumption air balloon in the boiler

The results of the checks and measurements carried All orders from the bridge and orders from the chief
out. engineer.

High cooling water temperature. Fouling on the wall of the pipe from the water side.

None of the above. Overload of the engine

With one section The number of sections does not matter

Has a positive effect on the parameters of the working Has a negative effect on the parameters of the
cycle. working cycle.
Differential "a" and "b"

0.8 MPa. 0.6 MPa.

For light fuel oil and heavy fuel oil. For heavy fuel oil.
They have no effect The system becomes sluggish(slower).

Only during startup. It depends on the starting system configuration.

15 - 20 ºС. 25 - 30 ºС.

Four times. Eight times.

1.2 times 1.4 times

At high speed and low temperature. At high speed and high temperature.

Pitting endurance. Dynamic load workload.

When the needle valve is opened before reach a When the needle valve is not opened when reach a
prescribe opening pressure. prescribe opening pressure.
We dose the batch of chemicals to the boiler water We completely empty the boiler.
and fill the boiler up.

Will grind the bearing box with sandpaper. Will use a plastic hummer.

Insufficient engine speed Rotor deflection angle too small

Automatic work. 15 minutes.

Values for the previous fuel oil supply parameters. a) and b).

Reduce the dosage of added chemicals. No action is needed - alkalinity is good.

Close the boiler main steam valve and then stop the Blow up the level glass to find the true water level.
burner.

All of boiler water is replaced by continuous lower Blowdown and adding quaternary sodium phosphate
blowdown.
Oil not suitable or recommended by the manufacturer. The oil filtration was poor.

one of the heat exchangers is blocked leakage of gases from cracked exhaust manifold

Corrosion of the anti-friction alloy of the bearings. Cavitation of the antifriction alloy of the bearings.

thick paper / cardboard rubber

Worn one or more cylinder-piston groups. The engine is overloaded

Exhausting air from the air receiver Changing the engine operating mode

Pump station should be warned to reduce to flow due

The tanks ventilation pipes should be closed.
to tank filling.
The turbines should be continuously heated. It must run on idle.

20-32A 1-6A

The brushes are out of the neutral line. The coil in series of the generator is connected against
the parallel one.

The gap is increased below the main poles The alternating coil of the generator is connected
against the parallel.
Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide

Engine test stand reports. Check the setting before repairs are carried out.

To increase the efficiency of the purification To prevent major failure of the main components

increasing the fuel burned during the third and fourth answers A and B
combustion phases
Issues with the high pressure fuel oil supply and the
All of the listed answers.
engine fuel injectors.
The condition of the fuel nozzle holes The hydraulic tightness of the fuel injection equipment.

Uniform distribution of thermal load between the

Evaluation of the engine technical condition.
engine cylinders.
Mechanical efficiency increases as RPMs increase mechanical efficiency increases if the timing of fuel
feed increases
increasing of the cycle portion of fuel increasing of load index

An increase in the circulation pump efficiency Trouble to the normal operation of the circulation
pumps

0,001-0,005 mg/l 0,05-0,01 mg/l

Good ventilation of the furnace before starting the Checking for the presence of water in the boiler by
burner. performing a lower blow down.

opening the relief valve pump overheating

Cleaning of the scavenging valves. Adjusting the working stroke of the exhaust valve.

The water is separated from the fuel. Mechanical impurities are separated from the fuel.

Expansion of the holes of the atomizer. "a" and "b"

Increase of the nozzle holes. a) and b).

Chemical digestion. Ultrasonic destruction.

The ampermeter in parallel and the voltmeter in series The ampermeter in series and the voltmeter in parallel
with the resistance. with the resistance.

Dynamic load capacity. Static load capacity.

Non self-ejecting Depends on the type of the vessel.

The fractional composition of the oil base. Their flash point.

be adjusted after each braking down of the boiler. be adjusted before each boiler is started.

Specific fuel consumption. Has no effect.

Maintain the required water level in the steam drum. Sample boiler water for analysis.

Timing clearance Incorrect alignment of the cylindrical piston groups.

The current value of the pressure in the scavenging Changing the measured value to standard conditions.
manifold and data from the engine bench test report

Elastic properties of the plates The oil layer between the plates

The thickness of the plates Elastic properties of plates

None of the above. Electric motor

Due to the low temperature of the Ship Internal Turbocharger does not rotate at sufficient speed.
Combustion Engines
Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid.

Device which distributes the air into the cylinders. An energy source

Depends on the engine design. The same.

Sticking of the nozzle needle. "A" and "B".

overload of the engine increased oil pump pressure

the inlet temperature in exhaust gas ports The temperature of the head near the exhaust valve.
The quality of the bearing. The brinelling of the rolling bearings.

The nozzle needle has jammed in the body. Leakage of the nozzle.

The hydraulic tightness of the fuel oil injection

The hydraulic tightness of the fuel oil supply piping.
equipment.
the height of the cylinder liner the thickness of the cylinder liner

Fuel oil leak in lubricating oil Increased oil clearance in the bearings

Accidental fuel oil ejection, switching the automatic Disposal of dirty ballast from fuel tanks, incineration of
ejection system to automatic / manual mode, cargo liquid waste, disposal of dirty ballast from ballast tanks.
hold ballasting.

Overcooling is pure heat loss. It does not theoretically affect the operation of the
system.
0.5 - 1.0 mg/l. 0,001 - 0,005 mg/l.

The degree of wear of the main journal. Degree of misalignment of the crankshaft with the
shaft (generator)
It is determines by the manufacturer shall not exceed 0,003

Delta In series.

0,8 Mpa 0,6 Mpa

Oxygen Carbon monoxide

to achieve good maintenance level to increase the level of reparability

is to create an external moment to rotate the to be a source of energy

crankshaft of the engine

Highly explosive gases. Gases causing corrosion.

Fuel oil system. Starting system
The temperature of the cylinder liner. The temperature of the head near the combustion
valve.

The quality of fuel supplied Revolutions per minute(speed)

45- 55 o C 35- 45 o C

Dirty air filter of the turbocharger Worn or broken piston rings .

not to mechanically overload the engine. “a” and “b”.

As soon as possible to reduce steam consumption. Slowly, for gradual cooling of the high pressure fuel
pumps.

5 ºС. 4 ºС.

Overloading of the boiler. Cracked pipe or coil.

Close the vents of the tanks. Do not fill tanks more than the level at the bottom of
the overflow tank.

1.4 times. 1.2 times.

repair by welding machining the valve on lathe

The maximum allowable amount of water to be None of the above.

cleaned by the separator in its housing.
Constant engine load. Constant position of the injection pump control
mechanism

After boiler blow down. From the highest point of the feed water system.

To allow the gases sufficient access above and behind Piston rings should be allowed to “breathe” to ensure
the piston rings. sufficient tightness of the cylinder – piston mechanism .

measuring with special tool and gauge plate measuring the alignment of piston to the cylinder liner
no action is required increasing the dosage of water treatment chemicals
and re-analysis of water
We need to reduce the load to a minimum and to We reduce until the vibration disappears and after 5 to
check the bearings. 10 minutes we can accelerate again, but slowly.

Boiler blow down and partial change of water until

Increasing the dosage of a water treatment chemicals.
pH became in normal range.

We will clutch the turning gear We will close all valves in the starting air system to the
engine.

After one hour of operation at favorable temperatures, Stop the ICE after half an hour of operation to check
we should check the bearing (bearings). the condition of the bearing by disassembling the
latter.

Increasing the dose of water treatment chemicals and Reducing the dose of water treatment chemicals and
performing a new water analysis. partial replacement of water.
Blowing the boiler and replacing the water until the pH Increasing the dose of water treatment chemicals.
reaches the limit.
Cracks or leakages from the sealing surfaces of the Overload of the engine.
fuel injection pumps

0,05 %. 0,07 %.

On the angle of pre-submission and increases with its It decreases as the diameter of the openings of the
increase. spreaders increases.
The electric motor will not be able to start. The electric motor runs normally but becomes
dangerous to the crew.

The necessity for belt tightening and increased shaft

Limited durability/endurance.
pressure.

200-240 litres/person. 250-300 litres/person.

In the configuration of the channels between the In the shape of the longitudinal profile.
blades.

The testing pressure inside the boiler is greater than

The piping resistance.
the pressure of the piping.
The boiler test pressure is greater than that of the Gland packings.
valve.

To remove the accumulated insoluble sludge from the To control the presence of water in the lower manifold
lower manifold when operating the boiler
To determine the amount of carbon monoxide in the To determine the composition of the boiler exhaust
exhaust gas composition. gases in order to measure the combustion efficiency.

Low boiler load modes. Design flaws.

All listed. Low temperature.

8°C. 5°C.

From the filter drainage tap From the system's discharge line.

It doesn't matter, it's aimed to quickly increase the It depends on the engine design
cylinder pressure.

5 - 25 %. 0 - 5 %.

Motor overload protection (is) tripped . Casing insulation failure.

Fuel oil leak in lubricating oil Low oil temperature

Localized cavitation. Vibrational cavitation.

220 °С. 550 °С.

There is no such rule. Inspection should be performed at the bearings area.

Equal to the indicator efficiency. Equal to the effective efficiency.

No action is offered. Boiler blow down and partial change of water.

Ohmmeter Megaohmmeter

Check preliminary measurements and compare them Check the correctness of the measuring instruments
with those of the manufacturer. and the automation of the turbine, basically to check
the alarms.

1,28. 1,58.

Cotton structure. Spheroidal.

We will tighten more. We will reduce the fluid pressure.

Steel. The tanks are not measured during loading.

Increase in the operational time between overhauls Reduced time period between overhauls
due to carbonization of the cylinder head, piston and
turbocharger.

Make sure we open the discharge valve and all valves Check the direction of rotation of the compressor.
next to the air cylinders.

When the unit is heated. During low load modes.

When the "ahead" mode is set. When the unit is heated.

Fixed start and variable end of feed. Variable start and end of feed.

It is important because of the different material and Can be changed if valve seats are replaced.
different working conditions.
to allow the gases to have sufficient access from to obtain good fitting between piston rings and piston
above and behind the piston rings grooves

Higher flow rate of the pump. Clogged seachest.

We pump the petroleum product to the boiler fuel We continue the operation - the bilge separator only
tank to burn it. discharges the oil to the incinerator tank.

When the head pressure in the down-comer tubes is When the head pressure in the down-comer tubes is
higher than steamwater drum. less than steamwater drum.

When the down pipe pressure is equal to that of the Cavitation is not possible in the down pipes
steam collector.
When the engine load is higher than 85-90% of the Never
rated one(nominal mode).

When the pressure in downcomer pipes is higher than When the pressure in downcomer pipes is equal to the
the pressure of the steam drum. pressure of the steam drum.

Higher The same

Maximum compression pressure (Pc) deviation to be

a&b
in the permissible value.

During the initial boiler pressure increase. During the filling of the boiler with water.

Cleaning of blow valves. The height of the dead space.

The previously measured parameters of the fuel "A" and "B".

supply system.

Improvement of the fuel spraying quality. Accumulation of deposits and clogging of the nozzle
holes.

Has no effect. Improvement of dispersion quality.

From World Weather Forecasts bulletin. The technical documentation of the engine.

From the Fleet Technical Use Regulations. From World weather forecasts newsletter.

Increased alkalinity of drinking water. Low coefficient of excess air.

The sloping moments of the longitudinal and The first critical velocity must be zero.
transverse axes to sum up to zero.

The centrifugal force moment should be as low as

The rotor should be in equilibrium .
possible.

Indicated torque and effective torque Indicator diagram and fuel consumption

The lowest thermal and mechanical stress and at Lowest thermal and mechanical stress and at 100%
100% load the engine runs for an unlimited time with load the ICE operates for an unlimited time at
different values for each type of engine. maximum efficiency.

Over 0,1 MΩ Over 10 MΩ

Starting with another engine. Combined starting method.

high sea water temperature overload of the engine

Convection . Conduction.

reduce the portion of chemicals blow down the boiler and water treatment with
Na3PO4

Turning of the flywheel for 5 to 10 minutes with

Full turbine drying down.
auxiliary lubricating pump on, 24 hours after stopping.

Bottom blowdown to check for the presence of water

Check of the safety valves operation.
in the boiler.

Atmospheric pressure evaporators. High pressure evaporators.

Increase the furnace load. Lowering the supplied fresh water temperature.
 Content of vanadium, water and sulphur in the heavy
Content of vanadium, calcium and others in the heavy fuel oil (HFO).
fuel oil (HFO).
Wear of the nozzle needle and body of the guide Damages to the sealing cone in the nozzle.
surface.

Blende Membranes

High-speed centrifugal pumps Diagonal pumps

Holding the needles during opening. Wear of the needle and body of the element on the
cylindrical guide zone.

The revolutions per minute(speed) The quality of the fuel supplied

Indicated work. Mean indicator pressure.

Maximum temperature in the combustion chamber. Exhaust gas temperature.

injection delayed by 1 degree High compression pressure Pc

Electrolysis. Reverse osmosis method.

Slow turning of the turbine 24 hours after stopping Prevention from deformation of the axis of the turbine
for 5-10 minutes with a spare oil pump on. shaft during cooling down.

Mean indicated pressure. Indicated efficiency.

Fuel injection timing Maximum fuel supply pressure

Spacers. Pump shaft.

Conduction. Radiation.
Centrifugal pump Turbine pump

High specific operational pressure. Soot deposition in the grooves of the piston rings.

The reduction of the transverse resistance due to the Ships with larger displacement are less affected by the
presence of liquid cargoes with a free surface depends presence of liquid cargoes with free surfaces.
mainly on the dimensions of that surface.

Smooth and quiet operation. High efficiency.

Double-circuit boilers. Fire-tube boilers..

Continuous operation of the boiler at low working

High air pressure inside the air heater.
load.

Lubrication by a pressure oil system common to the Lubrication by means of oil pumps driven by the
engine. turbocharger shaft.

Preheating the turbine when rotating the rotors with Combined - first with low pressure steam and turn with
working steam at anchoring. turning gear, then only with steam.

Any method can be main method for marine turbines Pre-heating by turning the rotors with working steam
pre-heating . while at standstill mode.

the temperature at which the oil loses its lubricating the temperature at which the oil decreases its viscosity
properties by more than 30%
The temperature of the rotors. Housing temperature.

The rate of increase of pressure before the nozzle. Nozzle opening pressure.

It is made after cooling the water, but not later than 4 It is performed up to twice a day.
hours.

the grooves in the lower bearing shell increase the the load capacity of the oil wedge is inversely
resistance of the wedge against tear in mechanical proportional to its thickness
overload

Void spaces ECR.

To minimize heat transfer between the saddle and the To improve the tightness between the valve and the
valve seat when the engine is running (to compensate for
the valve disc distortion due to combustion pressure).

To make sure there is no water in the cylinders. To make sure there are no loose parts and that the
engine has not stuck.

it is not necessary it should be tightenеd even slightly more after each

new disassembly

To ensure that all the valves of the high pressure To confirm that there is no water in the cylinders
pipeline to the starting air bottles are open. when starting the compressor.
If the load increases it will increase. The rotation speed will decrease.

Their fire safety. High coefficient of efficiency of the ship’s steam plant.

The effective power. Indicated power.

In the pipeline high pressure, in which the water is In the crankcase, where the water is mixed with the
mixed with the air from the compressor. lubricating oil.

Combined volt-ampere-ohmmeter. Ohmmeter.

Тo increase the sale of spare parts. To avoid the heat transfer to cylinder liner.
ANSWER D)
Engine power to be nominal.

Damaged piston rings

"a" or "b"

None of above.

4,000.

More precise adjustment of the load parameters.

The compressor efficiency curves and those of the

revolutions.

Separate water from the fuel oil only.

The degree of misalignment of its main journals.

No.
only high-output FS engines

In order not to cause problems with fuel equipment.

Engine instruction manuals.

The technical condition of the engine

Condensate overcooling is a heat loss.

Working pressure throttling

Discharge of dirty ballast from fuel tanks, discharge of

dirty ballast from ballast tanks.

Bypass the level regulator, fill in with boiler water up,

and then empty it.

We stop the bilge separator feed pump.

The pressure in the air receiver can decrease.

cavitation in the downpipes

All listed

Poor heat exchange.

Cracks or damage of sealing of the fuel oil high

pressure pump can occur

Multi-section

Does not affect.

None of the above

0.7 MPa.

None of the above.

The system gets faster.

It depends on the engine design.

35 - 40 ºС.

Twice.

1.5 times

Speed and temperature do not affect the process.

Service life / overhaul period.

When the needle valve is opened quickly before reach

a prescribe opening pressure.
We do not change the working level.

Will grind pump’s shaft with sandpaper in the area

where a ball bearing is mounted.
Very high hydromotor speed

5 minutes.

None of the above.

I blowdown off the boiler and reduce the boiler water

treatment.
Stop the burner and then close the boiler main steam
valve.

Nothing is being done

The engine was running without lub. oil.

Incorrect operation of the thermostatic valve.

Erosion of the anti-friction alloy of the bearings.

cork

The oil level is higher than the rated oil level

Changing the load on individual cylinders

The inlet valve should be partly shut to reduce the

flow.
The preheating should be turned on every half hour.

50-100A

The resistance of the field coil is low due to a fault in it.

The resistance of the excitation circuit is low due to a

fault in it.
Oxygen

Test reports for the last engine repair.

It is not that important

None of the above

Some of the engine cylinders are overloaded.

The hydraulic tightness of the fuel pipelines.

Uniform distribution of mechanical load between the

engine cylinders.
mechanical efficiency increases as the load increases

reducing of the cycle portion of fuel

Acceleration of the cavitation-corrosion processes.

0,5-1,0 mg/l

Opening the main steam valve.

overheating of the engine

Adjusting the height of the dead clearance .

None of the above

Longer active stroke of the plunger.

Increased plunger working stroke.

Hydropress method.
The two instruments in series of the resistance.

Resistance to pitting process.

Depends on the output of the Main Engine.

The additives in the oils.

Block spring and valve so as to prevent steam leakages

in case of bad valve spring action.
"a" and "b"

Check the operation of stop cocks on the water gauge

glass.
Crankshaft wear

Calculations during operation.

Calibrating and arranging them in a package.

The lubricating oil film between the plates

Battery device
Air in the high pressure fuel system.

Ascorbic acid.

It depends on the engine design.

Lower.

Leakages in the nozzle element.

increased wear rate of cylinder liner, piston, piston

rings, etc.
The temperature of the cylinder liner.
The resource of the bearing.

None of the above.

The condition of the nozzle holes.

the diameter of the cylinder liner

All listed

Disposal of dirty ballast from fuel tanks, disposal of

dirty ballast from ballast tanks.

In proportion to the increase in efficiency of the

turbine system.
0.05 - 0.1 mg/l.

Degree of wear of the main journal and camshafts

bearings.
shall not exceed 0,01

In parallel.

0,5 Mpa

Carbon dioxide

to reduce the cost of spare parts

an air distribution device in cylinders

Flammable gases.
Fuel oil heating system.
Scavenging spaces inlet temperature.

Start fuel supply

25- 35 o C

Insufficient fuel supply in the High Pressure Fuel Pump.

not to have problems with the combustion apparatus.

As soon as possible to obtain a rapid decrease in the

temperature of the High Pressure Fuel Pumps.

3 ºС.

Intensive boiling of water due to boiler boundary

pressure.

Warn the pumping station to reduce the flow rate due

to the filling of the tanks.

1.3 times.

repair by powder surface welding

The interface in the bowl between the water and the

oil.
Constant fuel injection timing (beginning of injection).

From the lowest point of the steam collector.

To allow the piston rings to move freely in the piston

grooves.

measuring the deflection

blow down the boiler and partial replacement of water

We need to accelerate faster to get over those rpm.

No action is needed.

We will turn off the air compressors.

Running up the bearing at low load, with continuous

control of its temperature.

Blowing the boiler and partially replacing the water.

Reducing the dose of water treatment chemicals.

None of the above.

0,1 %.

On rpm - increases with their increase.

The coil of the electric motor will burn .

Inconsistent gear ratio.

100-120 litres/person.

In the connection.

The gland packings.

Resistance in the valve.

To check that there is no smoke or gas leakage from

the combustion chamber
To determine and maintain an optimal coefficient of
excess air(α).

Boiler overload modes.

Electrochemical.

There is no such condition.

From the drainage of the oil cooler

Аt the same time in all cylinders

40 - 50 %.

Insufficient magnetic flux.

Oil overheating

Such а damage to the cylinder liner does not exists

120 ºС.

Inspection should be performed at the external seals

area.
Zero.
Decrease the dosage of a water treatment chemicals
and partial change of water.

Combined volt-ampere-ohmmeter

Record the operation in the engine log book.

2,28.

Plate like.

We will close the taps to get to the operating

temperature faster - then the leak is expected to stop.

Polypropylene.

Do not affect the period between overhauls

Test the compressor and the system up to 100% load.

During stable ahead mode

Cannot be used.

All listed.

It is important because of the different size of valve

guides.
to obtain good sealing between piston and cylinder
liner

Better quality of the system.

We stop the bilge separator pump.

Cavitation in the down-comer tubes is imposible.

When the down pipe pressure is less than the

pressure of the steam collector.
Always

Cavitation process is impossible in the downcomer

pipes

It depends on the engine design

Engine power to be nominal.

After the initial ignition of the burner.

Exhaust valve stroke.

None of the above.

Does not affect.

Sediment accumulation and clogging of the sprayer

openings.
From the fleet technical regulations.

From the engine technical documentation.

Reduced feeding water temperature.

The moment of the centrifugal forces should be as

large as possible.

All the masses should be symmetrically arranged

relative to the rotor longitudinal axis.

Indicated power and effective power

At which the heat loads are the lowest

Over 0,7 MΩ

Starting with electrical starter.

high temperature of cooling water

Radiation.

nothing is done

Prevention of bearings lubricating oil high pressure

during cool down.

Opening of the main steam valve.

a) and b)

Contamination of the water pipes before the

superheater.
Gas-abrasive corrosion.

Excessive wear of the nozzle holes

Condensers

There are no pumps with such a speed factor

Breaking the tightness of the conical sealing surface.

The quantity of fuel supplied

none of the above

The velocity of pressure increase in the combustion

chamber.

1 degree earlier injection

Distillation

Complete drainage of the turbine.

None of the above.

None of the above

The impeller with the impeller nut.

All listed.
Gear pump

Significant heating during operation.

Transverse bulkheads in tanks with large width (may

be more than one) reduce the effect of free surface.

High compactness (small dimensions) .

Exhaust gas boilers

Excessive exhaust gas temperature .

Oil spreading discs.

Each one can be implemented as a basic one.

By means of dedicated steam conducting pre-heating

system while turning the turbine rotor and with the
assistance of the flywheel mechanism.

the temperature at which the oil wedge breaks

The heating time according to the technical

documentation and requirements of the manufacturer.

Fuel valve opening angle.

The sample is always taken from the same place - the

lower purge piping.

the stability of the oil wedge is determined by the

content of surfactants in the oils

There is no such compartment.

To avoid sticking of the valve and the seat under full
load

To make sure that all indicator cocks are closed and

that they will not gas leak from the combustion
chamber.

to avoid serious damage to the plates

To guarantee that the motor does not have a small

starting torque.
It will not change.

Small dimensions and weight of the heater.

The mechanical efficiency.

In the pipeline low pressure, in which water is mixed

with the air from the compressor.

Voltmeter and amperemeter.

To achieve the required sealing and required high

injection in the combustion chamber.