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    Week 6-CHEM4015-CIVE4140-2023-2024

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    Nitin Raut
    This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

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    Week 6-CHEM4015-CIVE4140-2023-2024

    Uploaded by

    Nitin Raut
    12 views24 pages
    This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

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    This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views24 pages

    Week 6-CHEM4015-CIVE4140-2023-2024

    Uploaded by

    Nitin Raut
    This document provides an overview of microbial kinetics and activated sludge process (ASP) design for wastewater treatment. It discusses the growth and consumption kinetics of bacteria involved in wastewater treatment. Key aspects covered include microbial yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, bacterial growth rate, endogenous decay, and the relationship between these via specific growth rate equations. The document also presents the mass balance equations for microorganisms and substrate in a simple completely mixed flow reactor (CSTR) system and derives design equations to predict microbial biomass and substrate concentration as a function of system parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Waste Treatment Processes

    (CHEM4015/CIVE4140)
    Week 6
    Design of Treatment Systems
    Microbial Kinetics and ASP Design

    Lecturer Name: Dr Nitin Raut


    Dr Amal Al Saadi
    Prof Rajamohan Natarajan
    Academic Year: 2023-2024
    Kinetics of Microbial Growth
     Purpose--primarily to stabilize organic content, usually by removal
    via CO2 and conversion to biomass; also coagulates colloidal solids,
    can target nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus for removal
     Bacteria--a wide variety are primary microorganisms responsible for
    treatment--empirical formula C5H7O2N; P0.08 if relevant

    2
    3
    Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal and reuse.4th edition, McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NY
    Yield Coefficient, Y

     Part of substrate goes to cell material production. Part


    goes to energy production.
     Substrate consumption often measured as BOD
     Can be computed from stoichiometrics or energetics for
    single compounds
     Measured in laboratory for complex mixtures
     Aerobic Y typically 0.3 to 0.5.
     “Synthesis” or “true” vs. “Observed” yield
    4
    Substrate Consumption

     Object of biological
    wastewater treatment
     Rate of consumption,
    dS/dt = rsu
    rsu : Rate of substrate concentration change
     Michaelis-Menten expression due to utilization gm/m3.d
     Consequence of enzyme- k : Maximum specific substrate utilization
    rate, g substrate/g microorganism.d
    substrate reaction kinetics X : Biomass (microorganism) concentration,
    E + S  ES E +P gm/m3
    S : Growth limiting substrate concentration in
    solution, gm/m3
    Ks = Substrate concentration at one half the
    maximum specific substrate utilization rate,
    gm/m3
    5
    6
    Bacterial Growth
    Consequence of biological wastewater treatment
    Rate of growth, dX/dt = rg
    Max specific growth rate = μm (=rgm/X)
    Related to substrate consumption by Y

     Substitute 7-14 into 7-12:

    7
    Microbial Growth
     rg also related to rsu by Y
    rg = -Y rsu
     Endogenous decay
    Cell material consumed for maintenance energy
     Cell death and predation
    rd = kd X
     Therefore:

    8
    Microbial Growth

    9
    Specific Growth Rate, μ

    10
    PART-B
    Application of Kinetics to
    Bioreactor Design

    11
    Key Biokinetic Equations

    12
    General Approach

    Develop mass balances for microorganisms and


    substrate
    Derive equations to predict X and S in terms of
    system parameters (design equations)

    13
    A Simple Case – Single Pass CSTR

    14
    Assumptions

     System operating at steady state


    – Q, So, Xo, S, X, and V all constant
     Reactor is completely mixed
    – Reactor concentrations = effluent concentrations
     Xo = 0
    note: Active (substrate-removing) microbial concentration, X, is approximated by MLVSS

    15
    Microorganism Mass (Rate)
    Balance – Single Pass CSTR

    16
    Single Pass CSTR 1/6

    17
    Single Pass CSTR2/6

    18
    Single Pass CSTR3/6

    19
    Single Pass CSTR4/6

    20
    Single Pass CSTR5/6

    21
    Single Pass CSTR6/6

    22
    So controlling performance ain’t that easy!
     Efficiency is a function of X and t
     X is a function of S
     S is a function of t
     So S, X, and efficiency are all interrelated and fixed by t in
    a single pass CSTR system. Cannot change any of them
    without changing t (i.e., tank volume).
     But if could change X independent of t , then could,
    theoretically, obtain any removal efficiency (and X and S)
    desired with any size tank.
     Requires a different system than single pass CSTR
    23
    References

    1. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003). Wastewater engineering:


    treatment, disposal and reuse.4th edition, McGraw Hill, Inc.,
    New York, NY
    2. https://studylib.net/doc/5496826/wastewater-characterization

    24

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