INSTITUT KEMAHIRAN MARA JOHOR BAHRU

PROGRAMME :
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY ( DOMESTIC AND
INDUSTRY)

SUBJECT :
DED 41093 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 2

TITLE :
DIRECT CURRENT GNERATOR

NAME :
MUHAMMAD NAJMI SYAUQI BIN NORAZULIZAM (030720-05-0071)

SESSION / SEMESTER :
JAN-JUN 2023 / SEMESTER 4

LECTURER’S NAME :
PUAN SYARIFAH BINTI ABDUL RAHIM
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGE
1. TABLE OF CONTENT 2

2. INTRODUCTION 3

3. PROJECT OBEJECTIVE 4

4. TOOLS / EQUIPMENT / MATERIALS 5-7

5. DRAWING AND DATA 8

6. PROCEDURE 9

7. RESULT 10

8. PICTURE OF THE RESULT 11-12

9. QUESTION 13

10. DISCUSSION 14

11. CONCLUSSION 14

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INTRODUCTION

DC motor means direct-current motor. DC motors consists of rotor-mounted windings (armature). In

all DC motors, except permanent magnet motors, current must be conducted to the armature windings
by passing current through carbon brushes that slide over a set of copper surfaces called a
commutator, which is mounted on the rotor. The commutator bars are soldered to armature coils. The
brush/commutator combination makes a sliding switch that energizes particular portions of the
armature, based on the position of the rotor. This process creates north and south magnetic poles on
the rotor that are attracted to or repelled by north and south poles on the stator, which are formed by
passing direct current through the field windings. It’s this magnetic attraction and repulsion that
causes the rotor to rotate. DC motors are fairly simple to understand. They are also simple to make
and only require a battery or dc supply to make them run.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVE :

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to :

1. Identify about the dc generator
2. Explain the characteristics of dc generator
3. Identify about the dc generator
4. Explain the characteristics of dc generator
5. To understand the operation of the dc motor and dc generator

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TOOLS / EQUIPMENT / MATERIALS

1. Three Phase FCCB

2. DC Motor Control Unit

3. Tacho Meter

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4. DC Measurement Unit

5. Load Bulb

6. DC Separately Excited Motor

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7. DC Compound Motor

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DRAWING AND DATA :

There are various types of motor that can be made using the armature and field winding, depending
upon how they are connected. They can be divided into two categories:

i. Separately excited –where the field and armature windings have separate power
supplies.

ii. Self-excited –where the field and armature winding are powered from the same supply.
Self-excited motor can be further divided into the following two categories:

 Shunt motors
Where the field and armature windings are connected in parallel.

 Series motors
Where the field and armature windings are connected in series.

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 PROCEDURE :

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1-1.

2. Switch ON the DC Motor Control Unit and DC measurement unit. (Note:

Check the Module and the connections before switching on the MCB).

3. Adjust the DC voltage from DC motor control unit until the Rotate Speed
Meter shows the rpm reading as per table 1-1.

4. Record the voltage reading & the observations for each rpm reading in the Table
1-1.

5. Switch OFF the DC Motor Control Unit and DC measurement unit.

6. After completing the experiment, turn OFF the three phase FCCB.

Figure 1.1 : Measure the output voltage of the DC Generator

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 RESULT :

1. Record the meter reading inside the Table 1.1 below.

No. Speed reading Voltage reading Bulb Status

1 650 rpm 90.3 v Very Dim

2 700 rpm 97.3 v Dim

3 800 rpm 111.2 v Dim To Bright

4 950 rpm 131.4 v Bright

5 At max rpm 151.6 v Very Bright

2. Please be aware the safety precautions.

Graph 1: Volatge Reading (Volt) Versus Speed Reading (RPM)

Y-Values
1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

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 PICTURE OF THE RESULT :

1. 650 RPM

2. 700 RPM

3. 800 RPM

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4. 950 RPM

5. 1100 RPM

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 QUESTION :

1. Refer to the experiments, what the different between dc generator and dc motor?

Based on the experiment, The difference between a DC Motor and a DC Generator is that a DC Motor
is a type of electric-powered machine that transforms electrically-powered energy into mechanically-
powered energy and a DC Generator also is a kind of electrically-powered machine that transforms
mechanically-powered energy into electrically-powered energy. In a DC Motor, the energy that is
input in a DC Motor is electrically-powered energy which is the direct current which is swapped into
the mechanically-powered rotation. Any motor that is electrically-powered which operates by utilizing
the direct current (DC) would be called a DC motor.

2. In electric locomotive which of the following motor are used?

DC series motor is popularly known as the high-speed dc running motor, hence the torque of the
motor is very high so it can bear heavy load. Compared to AC motors, DC motors can provide
industry applications with a fine balance of strong starting torque and controllable speed for seamless
yet precise performance.

3. A 5kW, 110V, 4 pole lap wound shunt generator runs at a speed of 1000 rpm for delivering full
load. The armature has 250 conductors and the full load copper loss is 100 W. Determine the flux
per pole. Neglect the shunt current and consider total brush drop is 0.5v.

𝑃∅𝑍𝑁
Eg = 60 (𝐴)

4 ∅ (250 ×1000)
110 = 60 (4)

∅1000000
110 = 240

= 0.0264wb

Per each pole = 0.0264

4

∅ = 6.6mili wb

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DISCUSSION :

- A direct current (DC) generator works on the principle that a voltage is induced in a
conductor coil when it is rotated in a magnetic field. The rate at which the coil rotates in the
magnetic field determines the amount of voltage induced in the coil.. When the conductor
slashes magnetic flux, an emf will be generated based on the electromagnetic induction
principle of Faraday’s Laws. This electromotive force can cause a flow of current when the
conductor circuit is closed.
- If the speed reading 800 rpm, the voltage reading will be 111.2.
- If the speed reading 950 rpm, the voltage reading will be 131.4.

CONCLUSION :

- We know how does a dc generator work.

- Know how to explain the characteristics of dc generator.
- We understand the operation of the dc motor and dc generator

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
Student Signature Lecturer Signature
Name: Name : Syarifah binti Abdul Rahim

Date : Date :

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