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Lecture 5 - Multiple Antenna Systems

This document discusses multiple antenna systems and MIMO communications. It provides an overview of MIMO, including the benefits of single-user MIMO such as capacity gains. It describes the narrowband MIMO system model and different spatial cases including receive diversity, transmit diversity, and SISO. It also covers linear MIMO receivers like zero-forcing, and the singular value decomposition technique which can be used to factorize the MIMO channel matrix. SVD provides insights into translating the signal between the antenna and radio channel coordinate systems to achieve MIMO eigenmode transmission.

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Mohamed Mostafa elnahas
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54 views29 pages

Lecture 5 - Multiple Antenna Systems

This document discusses multiple antenna systems and MIMO communications. It provides an overview of MIMO, including the benefits of single-user MIMO such as capacity gains. It describes the narrowband MIMO system model and different spatial cases including receive diversity, transmit diversity, and SISO. It also covers linear MIMO receivers like zero-forcing, and the singular value decomposition technique which can be used to factorize the MIMO channel matrix. SVD provides insights into translating the signal between the antenna and radio channel coordinate systems to achieve MIMO eigenmode transmission.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Mostafa elnahas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE461 & ECE455- SELECTED TOPICS IN

SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATION


SYSTEMS

LECTURE
Multiple Antenna Systems

Dr. Fatma Newagy


Prof. of Communications Engineering
[email protected]
Today’s Lecture
• Overview of MIMO communications
• Linear MIMO Receivers
• Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
MIMO: Overview
MIMO: Overview
Single-user MIMO
Single-user MIMO benefits: Capacity gains
Narrowband MIMO System Model
Spatial Cases
• Nt: n=1  receive diversity SIMO

• Nr: m=1  transmit diversity MISO

• n=m=1  SISO
Receive Diversity
Implementing Receiver Diversity
Transmitter Diversity
Open-loop Transmit Diversity
(Alamouti code)
Open-loop Transmit Diversity
Closed-loop Transmit Diversity
Closed-loop Transmit Diversity
Closed-loop Transmit Diversity
Closed-loop Transmit Diversity
Linear MIMO Receivers
Zero-Forcing MIMO

Sender Receiver
Linear MIMO Receivers
Linear MIMO Receivers
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
• The insight lies in a special way of “factoring” matrix H

• Any matrix H has an SVD: H  UΛV*


• Λ is a diagonal matrix (contains zeroes off-diagonal)
• U and V are unitary (UU* = U*U = VV* = V*V = I)

nt nr nt
nt

nr H = nr U × Λ × V*
nr nt
Interpreting the SVD Steps
• Λ matrix with the 𝑚 = min 𝑛𝑡 , 𝑛𝑟 singular values 𝝀𝟏 , ⋯ , 𝝀𝒎
• One per significant radio channel path

• V* translates to the radio channel path coordinate system where


channels are decoupled

• U translates back, to antenna coordinate system (undoes the V*


translation)
nt nr nt
nt

nr H = nr U × Λ × V*
nr nt
SVD in a Practical System
• Alone, SVD does nothing (just analyzes what H does)

• Want to put data into the radio channel coordinate system

Insight: VV* = I (Unitary property)


SVD in a Practical System
• Sender precodes with V, receiver “post-codes” with U*
• V is unitary, so V*V = I (same for U)
• So data sees independent channels
• This is called MIMO eigenmode transmission (Spatial
Multiplexing)

No effect

Sender Receiver
A Model for Eigenmode Transmission
Spatial Multiplexing
• Performance model for the eigenmode transmitter/receiver
𝑃𝑖 𝜆2𝑖
• All channels decoupled, transmit power Pk  SNR on ith channel: 𝜎2

Sender Receiver
Performance: Uniform Power Division
• At high SNR (the common case in wireless LANs), with total
transmit power P evenly divided over spatial paths

𝑘 𝑃𝜆2𝑖
• Data rate = 𝑖=1 log 1+
𝑘𝑁0
≈ 𝑘 log(SNR)

***
• How can we do better?
• Idea: Allocate different transmit powers 𝑃𝑖 to different
radio channel paths i
28

Waterfilling for MIMO Power Allocation


Allocated transmit
power Pi

𝜎2
𝜆2𝑖

Physical Channel Path / Eigenmode i


MIMO Capacity
• MIMO Eigenmode transmission:

• Transmitter sends directionally, along spatial paths of the radio channel


• Receiver listens directionally, along same spatial paths
• Achieves the MIMO channel capacity

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