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TI Chapter 1 Word

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the "brain" of the computer and responsible for executing instructions. Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores active data for quick access. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is used for long-term storage of data. The motherboard connects all other components together and expansion slots allow adding extra components. A power supply converts AC to DC power needed to run computer components. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to input information and output devices like monitors are used to output information.

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25 views22 pages

TI Chapter 1 Word

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the "brain" of the computer and responsible for executing instructions. Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores active data for quick access. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is used for long-term storage of data. The motherboard connects all other components together and expansion slots allow adding extra components. A power supply converts AC to DC power needed to run computer components. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to input information and output devices like monitors are used to output information.

Uploaded by

Raymond Vasquez Saballo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

By Lider de equipo
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Introduction to Personal Computer Hardware
Personal computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system.
Components of a Personal Computer

Central Processing Unit Random Access Hard Disk Drive (HDD)


(CPU) Memory (RAM)
The HDD is a non-volatile
The CPU is the "brain" of the RAM temporarily stores data storage device used to store
computer, responsible for that the CPU is actively and retrieve digital data
executing instructions and using, allowing for quick using rapidly rotating disks
performing calculations. access and retrieval. coated with magnetic
material.
Electrical Safety
Some printer parts, such as power supplies, contain high voltage. Some components retain a high voltage even after the
printer is turned off.

 Follow electrical safety guidelines to avoid fires, injuries, and accidents.


 Generally, computer products are grounded through the power plug. Large equipment, such as server racks
that house network devices, should also be grounded.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

 AESD is caused by an imbalance of electric charges between two objects. This imbalance creates an electric field.
 When the two objects make contact or approach very close together, electrons transfer rapidly to balance the
charges.
 The transfer of electrons in a short burst creates the ESD event.
 ESD can happen through direct contact or via induced electric fields.
 ESD typically occurs at voltages below 15,000 volts.
Computer cabinets
The case of a desktop computer contains the internal components such as the power supply, motherboard, CPU, memory, hard drive and
various adapter cards.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Core Component
The CPU is essential for running
programs, managing tasks, and
performing calculations in a
computer system. Speed and Performance
Different CPUs have varying clock
Overclocking Capabilities speeds and core counts that impact.
Enthusiasts can push the CPU beyond its factory-set specifications to achieve overall performance.
higher performance levels.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is short-term storage memory. The operating system of computers or other devices uses RAM memory to temporarily store all
programs and their execution processes.1 All instructions executed by the central processing unit (CPU) and other units of the computer are loaded into RAM.
computer, in addition to containing the data manipulated by the different programs.
memory rom
Memory (ROM) is a type of computer memory that can only be read from, not written to. It's a type of storage that
contains data that can't be changed or modified. ROM retains its contents even after the power to the device it's
installed in has been turned off.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Cost-Effectiveness
Compared to solid-state
drives, HDDs generally
offer higher storage
Long-Term Data capacities at a more
Storage Capacity
Storage affordable price.
HDDs offer high-capacity
storage options suitable As non-volatile storage,
for storing large amounts data stored in HDDs
of data such as multimedia remains intact even when
files and applications. the computer is turned off.
Motherboard
Integration Hub
The motherboard serves as the central circuit board connecting all other components of a computer system.

Expansion Slots
Allows for the addition of extra components, offering flexibility for customization.

BIOS/UEFI
Contains firmware that initializes the hardware components when the computer is powered
on.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Electric Power
The PSU converts AC power from the wall outlet to the DC power needed by
the computer's components.

Efficiency Rating
Modern PSUs often come with 80 PLUS ratings for energy efficiency, reducing wasted power
and heat generation.
Cable Management
Good PSUs also provide neat and efficient cabling, ensuring proper airflow and aesthetics inside
the computer case.
Selecting a power supply
Power supplies convert AC input voltage to DC output voltage. Power supplies typically provide voltages of
3.3 V; 5V and 12V and are measured in wattage.
If you choose a power supply that only powers current components, you may need to replace it when other
components are upgraded.
CPUs and Cooling Systems

CPUs) are the heart of any computer, managing all tasks and calculations. An efficient cooling system is essential to
prevent overheating, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
Ports, Cables, and Adaptors: A User's Guide

ports, cables, and adaptors of your computer is essential for efficient connectivity and compatibility. From USB to HDMI, each
component plays a crucial role in facilitating seamless data transfer and device interaction.
Types of Cables

 HDMI cable.
 VGA cable.
 DVI cable.
 Ethernet
Cable.
 PS/2 Cable.
 5mm Audio
Cable.
 USB cables.
Graphic card

The GPU is specialized for rendering


images and videos quickly and efficiently.

GPUs are crucial for running high-


definition games and ensuring smooth
frame rates.
Input and Output Devices

Peripheral Devices Multimedia Devices


Includes keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, Facilitate audio input and output, catering to
monitors, and more. entertainment and communication needs.
conclusion
This chapter presented the components that make up a personal computing system and how the updating of the
components should be evaluated. Information technology encompasses the use of PCs, network hardware and software to
process, store, transmit and retrieve information. A personal computing system consists of hardware components and
software applications. The computer case and power supply must be carefully chosen to support the hardware within the
case and allow for the addition of components. The internal components of a PC are selected for specific functions and
features. All internal components must be compatible with the motherboard. When connecting devices, use the
appropriate type of ports and cables. Typical input devices include keyboards, mice, touch screens, and digital cameras.
Typical output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. Cases, power supplies, CPU and cooling system, RAM, hard
drives, and adapter cards must be upgraded when these devices fail or no longer meet customer needs. Specialized
computers require specific hardware to operate. The type of hardware used in specialized PCs depends on how the
customer works and what they want to achieve.

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