BRUCE ANCHOR LIMITED

ANCHOR HOUSE, CRONKBOURNE, DOUGLAS, ISLE OF MAN, IM4 4QE, BRITISH ISLES.
TEL. No: +44 (0)1624 629 203 FAX. No: +44 (0)1624 622 227
EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.bruceanchor.co.uk

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR

HANDLING PROCEDURE

ISSUE UPDATED BY: DATE CHECKED BY: DATE APPROVED BY: DATE
9 KG 08/02/05 PC 08/02/05 AB 08/02/05

(N.B. This document is formatted for duplex printing on A4 (width 210mm, height 297mm) sized paper.)
 (This page is intentionally blank)

Page 2 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR

HANDLING PROCEDURE

COPYRIGHT BRUCE ANCHOR LTD

IMPORTANT

This document should be read and understood by all directing staff involved in
anchor deployment and recovery before operations commence. This will include
masters of the anchor handling vessels and winch operators.

The procedures herein refer to typical semi-submersible applications using BRUCE

Flat Fluke Twin Shank (FFTS) MK4 anchors and wire/chain mooring lines but the
general principles will remain the same for other applications.

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD would be grateful for any information, suggestions or

recommendations to improve the procedures described in this manual.

RELEASE APPROVAL STAMP

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 3 of 72

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................................................................................5

PART 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................................6

1.1 BRUCE FLAT FLUKE TWIN SHANK (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR .................................................................................................................6
1.2 BRUCE RING CHASER ....................................................................................................................................................................8
1.3 BRUCE ANCHOR SHACKLE .............................................................................................................................................................9
1.4 MOORING SYSTEM USING THE BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR .......................................................................................................10
PART 2 ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................11
2.1 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................................................11
2.2 BRUCE SHACKLE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................................................20
PART 3 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURES...............................................................................................22
3.1 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURE USING BRUCE RING CHASER..................................................22
3.1.1 Anchor Deployment...........................................................................................................................................................22
Stage 1 Drop Of The First Anchor ........................................................................................................................................23
Stage 2 Chaser Pendant Line Transfer ................................................................................................................................24
Stage 3 Hauling Out The Anchor..........................................................................................................................................25
Stage 4 Lowering The Anchor ..............................................................................................................................................26
Stage 5 Return Of Chaser To Rig And Setting The Anchor .................................................................................................28
3.1.2 Anchor Recovery...............................................................................................................................................................30
Stage 1 Chaser Transfer From Rig To The AHV..................................................................................................................31
Stage 2 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed. .............................................................................................................33
Stage 3 Return Of AHV And Anchor To The Rig..................................................................................................................36
Stage 4 Transfer Of Anchor To Rig ......................................................................................................................................37
3.1.3 Decking Procedure For BRUCE (FFTS) Mk4 Anchor.......................................................................................................40
Stage 1 Hauling In The Chaser ............................................................................................................................................41
Stage 2 Hauling In The Anchor.............................................................................................................................................42
3.1.4 Alternative Procedure For Decking A BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Onto The AHV ........................................................46
Stage 1 Hauling In The Chaser And Anchor.........................................................................................................................46
Stage 2 Hauling In The Anchor After Adjusting Its Attitude ..................................................................................................46
3.1.5 Redeploying A Decked BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor.......................................................................................................48
Stage 1 Orientation...............................................................................................................................................................48
Stage 2 Redeployment .........................................................................................................................................................50
3.1.6 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Fluke Angle Adjustment Onboard An Anchor Handling Vessel .........................................52
3.2 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURE FOR BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHORS WITHOUT A BRUCE RING CHASER .............56
3.2.1 Anchor Deployment Without The Crown Pendant Line.....................................................................................................56
Stage 1 Deployment .............................................................................................................................................................56
Stage 2 Laying On Seabed...................................................................................................................................................57
3.2.2 Anchor Deployment By The Crown Pendant Line.............................................................................................................58
Stage 1 Deployment From AHV ...........................................................................................................................................58
Stage 2 Laying On Seabed...................................................................................................................................................59
3.2.3 Recovery Of An Anchor By The Crown Pendant Line ......................................................................................................60
Stage 1 Break Out From The Seabed ..................................................................................................................................60
Stage 2 Decking Onboard AHV ............................................................................................................................................61
3.2.4 Recovery Of An Anchor Without The Crown Pendant Line Attached (Short Scope Method)...........................................62
Stage 1 Break Out From Seabed .........................................................................................................................................62
Stage 2 Decking On Board AHV...........................................................................................................................................63
PART 4. DOCUMENT REVISIONS......................................................................................................................................................66

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................................................................67
A. BRUCE FABRICATED ORIENTATION LINK ........................................................................................................................................67
B. BRUCE ORIENTATION LINK SHACKLE.............................................................................................................................................68
C. BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR - FORWARD PIN INSERTION & REMOVAL TOOL .................................................................................69
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................................................................................................................72

Page 4 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1.1 BRUCE Flat Fluke Twin Shank (FFTS) MK4 Anchor ...........................................................................................................6
Figure 1.2.1 BRUCE Ring Chaser ............................................................................................................................................................8
Figure 1.3.1 BRUCE Anchor Shackle .......................................................................................................................................................9
Figure 1.4.1 Mooring System Using The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor..................................................................................................10
Figure 2.1.1 Location Of Identification Marks On The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor..............................................................................12
Figure 2.1.2 Offering The Shank Up To The Fluke.................................................................................................................................13
Figure 2.1.3 Assembly Aids 1 .................................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 2.1.4 Forward Pin Assembly Detail..............................................................................................................................................15
Figure 2.1.5 Fluke Angle Setting Before Pin Assembly ..........................................................................................................................16
Figure 2.1.6 Fitting Rear Pins .................................................................................................................................................................17
Figure 2.1.7 Fluke Angle Setting Before Rear Pin Assembly .................................................................................................................18
Figure 2.2.1 Locking Pin Assembly 1......................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 2.2.2 Locking Pin Removal 1 .......................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 3.1.1 Racked BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor.................................................................................................................................22
Figure 3.1.2 Deployment Of The First Anchor From Rig ........................................................................................................................23
Figure 3.1.3 Transfer Of Chaser Pendant Line From Rig To AHV .........................................................................................................24
Figure 3.1.4 Hauling Out The Anchor Using The AHV ...........................................................................................................................25
Figure 3.1.5 Lowering The Anchor To The Seabed................................................................................................................................26
Figure 3.1.6 Setting The Anchor On The Seabed In The Correct Attitude .............................................................................................27
Figure 3.1.7 Returning The Chaser To The Rig......................................................................................................................................28
Figure 3.1.8 Transferring The Chaser From The AHV To The Rig.........................................................................................................29
Figure 3.1.9a Anchor Recovery - Transfer Of The Chaser From The Rig To The AHV ...........................................................................31
Figure 3.1.9b Anchor Recovery - Running The Chaser From The Rig To The AHV................................................................................32
Figure 3.1.10a Anchor Recovery - Short Scooping The Anchor With The AHV.........................................................................................33
Figure 3.1.10b Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed..........................................................................................................................34
Figure 3.1.11 Returning The Anchor To The Rig......................................................................................................................................36
Figure 3.1.12 Initial Racking 1...................................................................................................................................................................37
Figure 3.1.13 Transfer Of Chaser Pendant From AHV To Rig .................................................................................................................38
Figure 3.1.14 Operation Of The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Orientation Fin .....................................................................................................39
Figure 3.1.15 Anchor Decking - Hauling Up From The Seabed ...............................................................................................................40
Figure 3.1.16 Anchor At The Stern Roller In The Correct Attitude............................................................................................................41
Figure 3.1.17a Decking Anchor In The Correct Attitude .............................................................................................................................42
Figure 3.1.17b Anchor Engaged On The Stern Roller ................................................................................................................................42
Figure 3.1.18 Stoppering Off The Mooring Line And Pulling A Bight Of Chain Through The Chaser ......................................................43
Figure 3.1.19 Tugger Winch Attachment Points .......................................................................................................................................44
Figure 3.1.20a Anchor Rotation By Way Of Co-ordination Tugger Winch Operator...................................................................................45
Figure 3.1.20b Alternative Method Of Anchor Rotation Using The No.2 AHV Winch.................................................................................47
Figure 3.1.21 Correct (FFTS) MK4 And Ring Chaser Configuration On The AHV Deck Prior To Release Of The Jaw Stopper.............48
Figure 3.1.22 Commencement Of Deployment.........................................................................................................................................49
Figure 3.1.23 Use Of Tugger Winches To Ensure The Correct Anchor Attitude ......................................................................................49
Figure 3.1.24 Anchor Negotiating The Stern Roller ..................................................................................................................................50
Figure 3.1.25 Final Deployment Stage 1...................................................................................................................................................51
Figure 3.1.26 Definition Of The Fluke Angle And Location Of The Forward And Rear Pins For Fluke Angle Adjustment.......................52
Figure 3.1.27 Correct Decking Attitude Prior To Fluke Angle Adjustment ................................................................................................54
Figure 3.1.28 Attachment Of Tugger Winches For Fluke Angle Adjustment ............................................................................................54
Figure 3.1.29 Removal Of Rear Pins ........................................................................................................................................................55
Figure 3.1.30 Co-ordination Of Tugger Winches For Fluke Angle Adjustment.........................................................................................55
Figure 3.2.1 Anchor Deployment Using The Mooring Line .....................................................................................................................56
Figure 3.2.2 Laying The Anchor On The Seabed Using The Mooring Line ............................................................................................57
Figure 3.2.3 Anchor Deployment Using The Crown Pendant Line .........................................................................................................58
Figure 3.2.4 Laying The Anchor On The Seabed Using The Crown Pendant Line ................................................................................59
Figure 3.2.5 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed Using The Crown Pendant Line.......................................................................60
Figure 3.2.6 Anchor Decking Using The Crown Pendant Line ...............................................................................................................61
Figure 3.2.7 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed Using The Mooring Line...................................................................................62
Figure 3.2.8 Anchor Decking Using The Mooring Line ...........................................................................................................................63
Figure 3.2.9 Anchor Attitude Adjustment At The Stern Roller Using Tugger Winches (Anchor Recovery – Transfer Of The Chaser From
The Rig To The AHV) .........................................................................................................................................................64
Figure A.1 BRUCE Orientation Link 1 ..................................................................................................................................................67
Figure B.1 BRUCE Orientation Link Shackle .......................................................................................................................................68
Figure C.1 Forward Pin Insertion..........................................................................................................................................................69
Figure C.2 Forward Pin Removal – First Stage....................................................................................................................................70
Figure C.3 Forward Pin Removal – Subsequent Stages......................................................................................................................71

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 5 of 72

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BRUCE Flat Fluke Twin Shank (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

Figure 1.1.1 BRUCE Flat Fluke Twin Shank (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

Page 6 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

The accompanying diagram (ref. fig 1.1.1) shows the general arrangement of the
BRUCE Flat Fluke Twin Shank (FFTS) MK4 Anchor.

The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor is a self-righting, general purpose, high holding
power anchor.

Should the anchor land upside down on the seabed with the shank under the fluke,
on being dragged, one of the fluke tips will tip into engagement with the seabed
causing the anchor to roll over until it is in a vertical burying attitude.

Clearly, deployment attitude is not important with this anchor, however, in order to
minimise the drag distance, every effort should be made to deposit the anchor on the
seabed in the correct fluke down position.

The shank/fluke angle is adjustable giving superior holding performance in a variety

of seabed conditions. The shank of the anchor is attached to the fluke by a pin
arrangement, which allows the fluke angle to be increased for very soft bottom
conditions. This also allows dismantling of the shank from the fluke for easier, lower
cost anchor transport. The fluke angle adjustment procedure is given in Section
3.1.6 and the general assembly and disassembly procedure is given in Section 2.1 of
this manual.

The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchor is type approved by Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
(L.R.S.), Det Norske Veritas (D.N.V.), Registro Italiano Navale (R.I.N.A.), Bureau
Veritas (B.V.) and the American Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) as a High Holding
Power, General Purpose Offshore Anchor.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 7 of 72

1.2 BRUCE Ring Chaser

Figure 1.2.1 BRUCE Ring Chaser

The BRUCE Ring Chaser shown in the accompanying diagram (ref. fig. 1.2.1) has
been specifically designed as a multiple application chaser suitable for use on chain
and/or wire mooring lines and for use with a wide variety of anchors.

The smoothly curved and hardened sliding surfaces with large radii result in low
resistance when riding along either chain or wire whilst at the same time minimising
wear to both the chaser and the mooring line.

The aperture of the chaser is large enough to negotiate connectors, sockets and
shackles but will engage with the forward portion of the anchor shank (or orientation
device if fitted - see appendix A of this manual) when breaking the anchor out of the
seabed.

Page 8 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

1.3 BRUCE Anchor Shackle

Figure 1.3.1 BRUCE Anchor Shackle

The BRUCE Anchor Shackle connects the anchor to the mooring chain/line.

It is available in a range of load ratings to suit different anchor sizes and incorporates
the patented streamlined BRUCE shackle bolt and nut locking system.

Downtime as a result of seizure of conventional shackle bolt locking mechanisms is

eliminated with this system.

Additionally, the streamlined profile of the nut and bolt heads makes for easier
chasing and anchor orientation, during both AHV decking and bolster bar racking
operations.

Assembly and disassembly procedures for these components are given in section 2.2
of this manual.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 9 of 72

1.4 Mooring System Using The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

Figure 1.4.1 Mooring System Using The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

The above diagram (ref. fig. 1.4.1) shows a typical mooring system assembly using
the BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchor.

If there is initially no ring chaser present in the system, the ring chaser may be
threaded into the system by decking the anchor on the Anchor Handling Vessel. The
anchor shackle is disconnected after securing the anchor chain on the deck of the
AHV winch and the chain is passed through the aperture in the chaser. The anchor
shackle is then reconnected through the open end link.

An orientation link is an option that may also be included in the system. See
Appendix A for the general arrangement of the mooring system with this component
included.

Page 10 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

PART 2 ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

2.1 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

These assembly instructions are a suggested method of satisfactory assembly of

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchors. They reflect the level of equipment and facilities
usually available when assembling at quayside locations.

Parts List Per Anchor

1 x Shank
1 x Fluke
2 x Forward (large, flanged) pin
2 x Rear (small, plain) pin
2 x Forward pin locking plate split pin
4 x Rear pin locking split pin

Equipment Required

1 x Crane capable of lifting the assembled anchor complete with necessary lifting
slings/chains.
1 x Hammer (e.g. 5 lb sledge)
1 x Crow bar
2 x Steel wedges (typically 10° included angle)
2 x Scrap steel bars (typically 25mm diameter, 150mm long)

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 11 of 72

Procedure

Figure 2.1.1 Location Of Identification Marks On The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

1. If more than one anchor is to be assembled, ensure that the shanks are
matched to the correct flukes. The correct shank and fluke combination can be
identified by matching the anchor identification markings on the shank and fluke
at, or around, the locations shown.

2. Check that the correct number of parts for each anchor as listed above has
been supplied.

3. Ensure all pins, holes, lugs and clevises are cleaned and then greased before
assembly, checking particularly the bottom of each forward fluke clevis is free
from debris as this may prevent the shank lugs fully entering the fluke slots.

Page 12 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 2.1.2 Offering The Shank Up To The Fluke

4. Place the fluke on firm ground in a flat, horizontal attitude and if necessary use
scrap timbers to prevent the fluke from rocking (ref. fig. 2.1.2)

5. Sling the shank so that it is picked up at an attitude of approximately 45°, either

by slings around the forward depressor plates or by slings around the shank
side plates, as shown.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 13 of 72

Figure 2.1.3 Assembly Aids 1

6. Lift the shank up, over the fluke and lower it so that the shank rear lugs engage
in the rear clevis slots in the fluke (ref. fig. 2.1.3). Continue lowering until the
first holes in the rear lugs roughly line up with the clevis holes and insert a scrap
steel bar into each to locate the shank.

Page 14 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 2.1.4 Forward Pin Assembly Detail

7. Lower the shank so that it rotates forwards about the scrap steel bars in the rear
holes, until the forward shank lugs engage in the forward fluke slots (ref. fig.
2.1.4). Carefully continue lowering the shank until the holes in the shank
forward lugs and fluke forward clevis plates are aligned, checking by feel until
this is achieved.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 15 of 72

Figure 2.1.5 Fluke Angle Setting Before Pin Assembly

8. Lower the forward pins into the fluke through the access slots in the fluke main
plate and slide them fully home until the flange bears against the clevis outer
face (ref. fig. 2.1.5). Lock in place using the forward pin locking plates and
secure these with split pins through the hole in the locking plate leg which
projects through the fluke underside.

Page 16 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 2.1.6 Fitting Rear Pins

9. With the forward pins installed, use the crane to take the shank weight off the
scrap steel bars in the rear holes and remove the bars (ref. fig. 2.1.6). Adjust
the shank until the rear lug holes line up with the rear clevis holes at the
required fluke angle, checking by feel for correct alignment. (For fluke angles
available on the (FFTS) MK4 anchor, see fig 2.1.7 and section 3.1.6).

To make small adjustments in shank position forwards or backwards relative to

the fluke, a crow bar or steel wedges may be driven between the shank forward
lug and the fluke clevis end walls.

To make small adjustments in height between the fluke and shank a crow bar or
steel wedges may be driven between the shank arch and the fluke top surface.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 17 of 72

Figure 2.1.7 Fluke Angle Setting Before Rear Pin Assembly

10. Insert the rear pins until fully home and lock in place with split pins. Note that it
should not be necessary to drive any of the pins home if the holes are correctly
aligned before inserting the pins.

Page 18 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Disassembly Procedure

1. If the anchor is to be disassembled after a prolonged period submerged, the

regions around the forward and rear pins should be cleaned as thoroughly as is
possible using power tools and high pressure steam if available.

2. Turn the anchor over on to its side or back and remove the forward pin locking
plate split pins using a suitably sized drift and then tap out the locking plates
themselves by applying a light blow to the ‘tangs’ protruding from the underside
of the fluke.

3. Lay the anchor on the fluke as shown in Fig 2.1.1 and support the weight of the
shank with lifting slings as described in the assembly procedure.

4. Removal of the rear pins is simply the reverse of the assembly procedure. Both
the locking pins and the rear pins themselves may be removed by use of
suitably sized drifts.

5. As with the rear pins, front pin removal is the reverse of the assembly
procedure. A crow bar is applied to the knob on the end of the pin. By levering
it against suitable sized pieces of timber, the pin can be removed.

6. The fluke may require to be tied securely down to facilitate shank removal
against any resistance caused by caking of soil and/or corrosion in the clevis
joints. The shank can then be lifted away from the fluke.

PIN INSERTION / REMOVAL TOOL - SEE APPENDIX C

BRUCE ANCHOR LTD can supply a purpose designed tool for inserting and
removing the (FFTS) MK4 forward pins. The procedure for its use is similar to that
described here when using a crow bar and pieces of timber. Appendix C describes
the insertion and removal operations using this tool.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 19 of 72

2.2 BRUCE Shackle Assembly and Disassembly Instructions

Assembly Procedure

This procedure can be applied to all BRUCE shackles incorporating the BRUCE
patented nut locking pin and nylon plug.

Parts Per Shackle No. Off

Shackle Body x1
Bolt x1
Conical Cap Nut x1
Waisted Locking Pin x1
Nylon Locking Plug x1

Procedure

Figure 2.2.1 Locking Pin Assembly 1

1. Prior to assembly of the shackle and after ensuring that all of the parts listed
above are present and clean, apply a liberal coat of a suitable proprietary
grease (e.g. ROCOL J166) to the shackle bolt, especially to the threaded
portion (ref. fig. 2.2.1).

2. Insert the nylon locking plug into the recess in the bolt end and rotate it so as to
align the hole through it with the holes through the bolt.

3. Assembly the shackle bolt through the shackle body eyes.

4. Screw on the conical cap nut until it is hard against the end of the bolt so that
the holes for the waisted locking pins are aligned.

5. Tap the waisted locking pin into place in the aligned holes and centralise it in
the conical nut as shown. Check that it is centralised correctly by observing the
presence of a few millimetres of axial free play of the locking pin when its

Page 20 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

 waisted portion is located in the constriction inside the nylon locking plug. This
constriction traps the locking pin centrally in place within the conical cap nut.

Disassembly Procedure

Figure 2.2.2 Locking Pin Removal 1

1. Using a suitable drift, knock the locking pin through and out of the nut. This is
simply the reverse of the assembly procedure (ref. fig. 2.2.2).

2. Rotate the shackle bolt until the recess in the bolt head lines up with the blind
hole in the shackle body.

3. Now use the locking pin to prevent the shackle bolt from rotating by inserting it
into the blind hole in the shackle body through the recess in the bolt head.

4. Unscrew the conical nut (a special spanner is available from BRUCE ANCHOR
LTD if required) and remove it from the bolt.

5. Remove the bolt from the shackle body.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 21 of 72

PART 3 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURES

3.1 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURE USING

BRUCE RING CHASER

3.1.1 Anchor Deployment

Figure 3.1.1 Racked BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

The initial conditions for anchor deployment are assumed to be as follows:

Each anchor is in a stowed position on the bolster bar with the chaser suspended
between the lower fairleader and anchor from its stowed pendant line (ref. fig. 3.1.1).

The rig can be either under its own power with no towing vessel or under its own
power with a towing vessel.

Page 22 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 1 Drop Of The First Anchor

Figure 3.1.2 Deployment Of The First Anchor From Rig

1. As the rig approaches the first anchor position, one stern anchor is lowered off
the bolster bar most of the depth to the seabed. The chaser for this anchor
should be held midway between fairleader and bolster bar so that the anchor
chain runs freely through it (ref. fig. 3.1.2).

2. As the rig passes over the first anchor position the anchor is laid on the seabed.

3. While the rig moves across the mooring pattern towards the centre, pay out the
stern anchor line.

4. With the rig at centre of the mooring pattern, stop paying out on the stern
anchor line and set the anchor into the seabed by using the rig engines (and tug
if towing). Then stop the rig engines. Stow the chaser either under tension
against the lower fairleader (on custom-built mountings if provided) or hung-off
on the anchor line about 30 feet below the water level so as to be clear of the
wave action zone.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 23 of 72

Stage 2 Chaser Pendant Line Transfer

(Second and subsequent Anchor Deployments)

Figure 3.1.3 Transfer Of Chaser Pendant Line From Rig To AHV

5. On the anchor opposite the one already set, connect the crane line to the
chaser pendant line. Unclamp the pendant line at the rig deck and lower the
chaser until it engages the anchor shank tip (ref. fig. 3.1.3).

6. Pass the pendant line from the rig crane to the anchor handling vessel (AHV).
This is done by making the pendant line fast on deck, connecting it to the AHV
winch wire and disconnecting the crane line.

7. Pay out approximately six links of anchor chain from the rig winch until the side
wings of the fluke are clear of the bolster bar but with the forward portion of the
anchor shank still in contact with the bolster bar.

Page 24 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 3 Hauling Out The Anchor.

Figure 3.1.4 Hauling Out The Anchor Using The AHV

8. Pull on the pendant line with the AHV using engine thrust so that the chaser
engages firmly on the forward portion of the shank and continue pulling to swing
the anchor clear of the bolster bar. The anchor will be hanging with its fluke
pointing towards the rig (ref. fig. 3.1.4).

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 25 of 72

Figure 3.1.5 Lowering The Anchor To The Seabed

9. Continue pulling with the AHV engine thrust and allow the rig winch to “walk
back” against the brake to maintain not less that 35 tonnes tension in the
anchor chain. This will ensure the chaser remains seated on the anchor shank
tip while the AHV hauls the pendant line inboard. Stop the AHV winch when the
anchor still hangs clear of the AHV propeller wash (ref. fig. 3.1.5).

10. Increase the AHV engine power to haul out the rig chain while the rig winch
operator maintains the required back tension on the rig winch brake. The back
tension from the rig winch ensures the chaser remains seated on the forward
portion of the anchor shank as the chain is hauled out. The pendulum effect of
the anchor hanging clear of the propeller wash will prevent turns being inserted
in the chain.

Proceed to the anchor setting location.

When the catenary of the hauled-out chain sags into contact with the sea
bottom, drag forces on the chain will occur and may be progressively
substituted for the applied back-tension from the rig winch brake so that all of
the AHV engine thrust is available for pulling out chain.

Stage 4 Lowering The Anchor

11. When the anchor chain is fully hauled out the anchor is lowered towards the
seabed. Pay out the AHV winch at between 100 and 200 ft/minute while the
AHV engines are kept running sufficiently to keep the anchor chain stretched
out and the chaser engaged on the anchor shank tip.

Page 26 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.6 Setting The Anchor On The Seabed In The Correct Attitude

12. When the length of towing wire and pendant line outboard of the stern roller of
the AHV is equal to water depth plus twenty percent, the winch is stopped. The
AHV engines are now slowed so that the weight of the anchor and chaser pulls
the AHV astern until the anchor makes contact with the seabed. This will be
indicated by a sudden sagging of the otherwise taut towing wire stretched
between the winch and stern roller of the AHV.

13. Immediately the anchor contacts the seabed, the rig winch operator hauls in 30
to 50 feet of anchor line to tip the anchor towards the rig and set the anchor
fluke into the seabed.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 27 of 72

Stage 5 Return Of Chaser To Rig And Setting The Anchor

Figure 3.1.7 Returning The Chaser To The Rig

14. Once the anchor has been tipped towards the rig and the fluke partially set in
the seabed (ref. fig. 3.1.7), the AHV steams astern over the anchor to pull the
chaser towards the rig clear of the anchor shank.

“Twitching” of the towing wire, indicates the chaser is clear of the anchor shank
and riding freely link by link under the anchor chain.

15. When the chaser is clear of the anchor shank and approximately 500’ along the
anchor chain, the rig winch can commence setting the anchor fully into the
seabed. Meanwhile the chaser will continue to be returned to the rig by the
AHV running astern. Alternatively, if desired, the AHV can turn 180° and steam
ahead back to the rig.

16. The rig winch continues to haul in until the required anchor setting tension is
achieved. The rig winch is stopped and the tension is monitored for 10 minutes.

Alternatively, anchor setting may be carried out when all of the anchors have
been deployed and partially set in the seabed.

If 90% of the setting tension remains after the elapse of 10 minutes the anchor
is considered to be holding whereupon the rig winch pays out to decrease
tension to the level required for drilling.

If 90% of the setting tension does not persist after 10 minutes re-running of the
anchor may be necessary.

Page 28 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.8 Transferring The Chaser From The AHV To The Rig

17. The AHV meanwhile, returns to the rig and takes up a position with its stern
roller within reach of the rig crane off the anchor bolster bar (ref. fig. 3.1.8). The
chaser towing line is then hauled up by the AHV winch until the pendant line
connection comes on deck. The pendant line is made fast onboard the AHV
and the towing wire is disconnected. The pendant line is attached to the rig
crane via a light safety wire or a shear pin shackle to protect the rig crane from
dangerous overloads that may occur if the chaser picked up a bight of anchor
chain in the event of the anchor chain losing tension at this time. The pendant
line is transferred to the rig from the AHV and stowed in a suitable clamp.

18. The chaser may be stowed under tension against the lower fairleader (on
custom-built mountings if provided) or hung-off on the anchor line about 30 feet
below the water level so as to be well clear of the wave action zone.

This completes deployment of the first two anchors. Further anchors are
deployed in a similar manner to the second anchor described above.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 29 of 72

3.1.2 Anchor Recovery

The initial conditions are assumed to be as follows:

All anchors have been deployed and are set in the seabed.

All anchor lines are at drilling tensions.

Each chaser has a sliding shoe providing support over at least three links of chain.

The chasers are stowed at the rig as described in section 3.1.1, step 18.

This procedure should be applied to the most heavily loaded anchors first so that the
reaction tension can be spread amongst the least loaded anchors. The lesser loaded
anchors can be broken out of the seabed using this technique on each anchor in
order of decreasing applied load due to storms. Ultimately the last anchor may be
broken out by the rig hauling vertically on the anchor line.

Preliminary Step

Maintain the anchor line at drilling tension prior to commencing chasing to prevent
the chaser catching a bight in the chain.

Page 30 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 1 Chaser Transfer From Rig To The AHV

Figure 3.1.9a Anchor Recovery - Transfer Of The Chaser From The Rig To The AHV

1. The stowed chaser pendant line is attached to the rig crane and the line is
unclamped. (ref. fig. 3.1.9a).

2. The pendant line is passed from the rig crane to the AHV, which is standing by
within crane reach of the rig.

The pendant line is made fast on the AHV deck, disconnected from the rig
crane line and attached to the AHV winch towing wire.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 31 of 72

Figure 3.1.9b Anchor Recovery - Running The Chaser From The Rig To The AHV

3. Pendant line equal to water depth is paid out by the AHV winch and the AHV
steams away from the rig to the location of the buried anchor (ref. fig. 3.1.9b).

Twitching of the towing line between AHV stern roller and winch as the chaser
is being towed to the anchor site indicates the chaser is running correctly link by
link under the anchor chain, disturbing the soil around the buried chain, and
raising it to the mud-line. This reduces the grip of the soil on the buried chain
section.

Page 32 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 2 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed.

Figure 3.1.10a Anchor Recovery - Short Scooping The Anchor With The AHV

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 33 of 72

4. When the chaser engages the portion of chain, which leads below the mud-line
to a deeply buried anchor, the load in the chaser pendant will increase rapidly
due to soil resistance and chain forces acting on the chaser. The AHV now
reduces speed almost completely to stop the chaser sliding further on the chain
(but retains enough power to maintain heading) and the rig winch commences
to heave in anchor line to increase tension to maximum (ref. fig. 3.1.10a).

If the anchor does not start to drag due to the chain having been pulled from the
grip of the soil by the passage of the chaser, the AHV commences heaving in
the chaser pendant to pull up on the chain until the rig winch operator reports
that anchor line is coming onboard and the anchor is being dragged towards the
rig. The AHV then stops heaving in the pendant to hold the chaser in a now
elevated position and so impose a high uplift angle in the anchor chain at the
anchor.

The rig winch continues to heave in anchor line to drag the anchor at this high
uplift towards the rig. Due to the high uplift (effectively, short scope) caused by
the chain sliding through the elevated chaser, the initial dragging load of the
anchor can be considerably less than the original setting load if the chaser is
sufficiently elevated and so be well within the capacity of the rig winch.

Figure 3.1.10b Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed

Page 34 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

The load on the rig winch will progressively decrease due to the anchor rising to the
mud line as it is dragged at short scope. When the rig winch tension reaches about
25 per cent of the original setting load, stop the winch. The AHV now pays out
pendant slightly in excess of water depth and pulls the chaser along the chain to seat
it firmly onto the forward portion of the anchor shank close to the mud-line. The
anchor will now break out easily from the seabed soil (ref. fig. 3.1.10b).

5. It may be possible to break the anchor out directly using the chaser if it is not
deeply buried or is in a sand seabed. In this case the rig should maintain a
steady back tension of about 30 tonnes to prevent the chaser picking up a bight
of chain while the AHV winch hauls in the chaser pendant and breaks out the
anchor.

If the anchor has been set to a line tension exceeding rig winch pulling power by
a storm, it may be necessary to pull in with two winches on the far side of the rig
to cause the anchor to drag.

6. A noticeable drop in tension at the rig winch and/or at the AHV winch indicates
the anchor has broken out of the seabed. Stop the rig and AHV winches at this
point.

7. The pendant line is hauled in by the AHV winch until the tow wire/chaser
pendant connection appears at the stern roller. The AHV winch is then stopped
and the AHV employs engine thrust to maintain a back tension in the anchor
chain of at least 30 tonnes.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 35 of 72

Stage 3 Return Of AHV And Anchor To The Rig

Figure 3.1.11 Returning The Anchor To The Rig

8. The rig winch now hauls in the anchor chain. The AHV, anchor and chaser are
hauled back to the rig winch against the back tension of the AHV thrust (ref. fig.
3.1.11).

The back tension of the AHV thrust ensures the chaser remains seated on the
forward portion of the anchor shank as the anchor chain is hauled in. The
pendulum effect of the anchor hanging clear of the propeller wash will prevent
turns being inserted in the chain.

9. The rig winch hauls in the anchor chain until the AHV comes within rig crane
reach off the bolster bar. The AHV then holds this position.

Page 36 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 4 Transfer Of Anchor To Rig

Figure 3.1.12 Initial Racking 1

10 The anchor and chaser are hauled towards the bolster bar by the rig winch
while the AHV winch adjusts the paid out length of pendant line accordingly (ref.
fig. 3.1.12).

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 37 of 72

Figure 3.1.13 Transfer Of Chaser Pendant From AHV To Rig

11. When the forward portion of the anchor shank has cleared the bolster bar,
observe the orientation of the anchor as it approaches the bolster bar (ref. fig.
3.1.13).

12. If the anchor is hanging with the fluke toward the rig it can be hauled up by the
rig winch until it meets with and stows correctly on the bolster bar. The chaser
pendant line can now be made fast on the AHV deck, disconnected from the
AHV winch, connected to the rig crane and transferred to the rig.

Page 38 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.14 Operation Of The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Orientation Fin

13. If, however, the anchor is not in the correct orientation to stow on the bolster bar
process as follows (ref. fig. 3.1.14):-
(a) Make fast the pendant line on the AHV deck, disconnect the pendant line
from the AHV winch towing wire, connect it to the rig crane and transfer
the pendant line to the rig. Hold the chaser in a position midway between
the lower fairleader and the bolster bar.
(b) Lower the anchor until it is below the bolster bar then rehaul the anchor
over the bolster bar slowly. The orientation feature on the anchor shackle
lug will turn the anchor over onto its side as it traverses the bolster bar
and, from this position, the anchor will automatically roll fluke-down into
the correct attitude for stowing.
(c) Haul in the anchor until it is firmly stowed on the bolster bar.

14. When the anchor is stowed the chaser can be stowed bearing against the
fairleader (or on custom-built mountings if provided) and the pendant line
clamped.

This completes the recovery procedure for one anchor.

To recover all the anchors on the rig, repeat this procedure for the remaining anchors
except the last one. The last anchor can be recovered by chaser as already
described or, alternatively, the rig can move to a position above it and the anchor be
broken out of the seabed directly by the rig winch and hauled straight up into the
stowed position on the bolster bar, correct orientation being ensured by the
orientation feature on the anchor shackle lug.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 39 of 72

3.1.3 Decking Procedure For BRUCE (FFTS) Mk4 Anchor

Figure 3.1.15 Anchor Decking - Hauling Up From The Seabed

The initial conditions are assumed to be as follows (ref. fig. 3.1.15):-

The anchor is suspended from the AHV on the pendant wire and chaser, (e.g. after
breaking the anchor out of the seabed).

Page 40 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 1 Hauling In The Chaser

Figure 3.1.16 Anchor At The Stern Roller In The Correct Attitude

1. The AHV winch hauls in the pendant line lifting the chaser and anchor up to the
stern roller of the AHV (ref. fig. 3.1.16).

2. As the chaser comes on deck turn the AHV so that the anchor chain is pulled to
one side of the stern roller away from the suspended anchor.

3. Ensure the anchor chain does not foul the anchor in its suspended position off
the stern roller of the AHV. If fouling does occur, lower the anchor and then
rehaul it clear of the chain.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 41 of 72

Stage 2 Hauling In The Anchor

Figure 3.1.17a Decking Anchor In The Correct Attitude

4. The anchor is hauled slowly over the AHV stern roller by the AHV winch. If the
anchor contacts the roller on its back with the fluke away from the roller, it can
be hauled up on deck and made fast as shown in fig 3.1.17a.

Figure 3.1.17b Anchor Engaged On The Stern Roller

If for any reason the anchor does not contact the stern roller in this manner and/or engages on the
stern roller as shown in fig. 3.1.17b, the following steps should be followed.

Page 42 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.18 Stoppering Off The Mooring Line And Pulling A Bight Of Chain Through The Chaser

5. (a) Slack back on the pendant line until the anchor falls just clear of the roller.
Heave in again on the pendant until the fluke engages firmly with the stern
roller as shown in fig 3.1.17b and 3.1.18. Carry on heaving in so that the
chaser rides up the mooring line and pulls a bight of chain up onto the
deck of the AHV. When the length of the bight of chain is about 15 feet
stop the winch.

(b) Make fast the mooring line that leads back to the rig in the shark’s jaw
stopper. (ref fig 3.1.18).

(c) Maintain a tension in the chaser pendant line and attach tugger winch lines
by shackles to the shank of the anchor as follows.

IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL LIMIT NOTE

During anchor decking, should the anchor become engaged or snagged on the stern
roller by one of its outer flukes DO NOT try to haul it onboard by simply pulling
harder. This will likely damage the vessel roller and may cause some damage to the
anchor. In the event that the anchor does become snagged, lower it back into the
water and wash it round with the vessel propellers until it is in the correct attitude for
decking, then pull it up again. Alternatively, use the decking procedures described
here in sections 3.1.3 & 3.1.4.

The MAXIMUM “NEVER EXCEED” LOAD which may be applied to BRUCE (FFTS)
MK4 anchors in the range 9000kg to 18000kg when hooked by one outer fluke or
single fluke tip is 85 TONNES.

(d) The lines from the tugger winches at each side of the stern roller are paid
out.

(e) Assuming the anchor is on the stern roller with the anchor chain clear of it
to starboard, the starboard tugger line is passed over the anchor line and
over the shank of the anchor and is shackled to the hole at the upper edge
of the port oblique side plate of the anchor shank.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 43 of 72

Figure 3.1.19 Tugger Winch Attachment Points

(f) The port side tugger line is passed under the shank and is shackled to the
hole on the starboard oblique plate of the anchor shank. (ref rig 3.1.19).

(g) Slack off the pendant line and the two tugger lines simultaneously and
allow the anchor to fall just clear of the stern roller.

(h) Adjust the tensions in the tugger winch lines so as to rotate the hanging
anchor until the fluke tips point away from the AHV. (Ref fig 3.1.20a).

Page 44 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.20a Anchor Rotation By Way Of Co-ordination Tugger Winch Operator

6. Pull in the anchor again on the chaser pendant wire so that it decks properly on
its back onto the AHV as shown in fig 3.1.17a. The tugger winch lines may
have to be used at the same time to prevent the anchor turning again and also
to keep the anchor central over the stern roller.

7. Remove the tugger winch lines from the anchor.

SAFETY NOTE.

When the anchor has been decked successfully, the AHV winch operator must
ensure that the chaser is engaged on the anchor shank before the shark’s jaw
stopper is released from the anchor chain in order to prevent the anchor from being
pulled up the deck at a dangerous speed by the weight of chain outboard of the AHV
stern roller.

This is achieved by heaving in the pendant line to move the anchor slowly up the
deck until the anchor shank engages in the chaser as shown in fig. 3.1.21. The
shark’s jaw stopper may now be released and the weight of the chain taken safely by
the chaser pendant line.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 45 of 72

3.1.4 Alternative Procedure For Decking A BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor
Onto The AHV

This procedure forms an alternative to that described in 3.1.3, from the same initial
conditions, and is as follows:-

Stage 1 Hauling In The Chaser And Anchor

1. When the anchor has been broken out of the seabed, haul the chaser in, so
lifting the anchor to the surface. When the chaser appears on the stern roller
veer the AHV so that the suspended anchor line does not foul the anchor.

2. As the anchor appears at the stern roller, observe its attitude. If it is lying with
the flukes pointing away from the AHV, haul in the chaser further so pulling the
anchor up on deck on its back.

Stage 2 Hauling In The Anchor After Adjusting Its Attitude

3. If the anchor has its fluke pointing towards the vessel, haul the chaser in slowly
so that the fluke engages on the stern roller.

4. Continue to pull in the chaser so that a bight of the anchor cable is brought up
on deck. Stopper off the anchor cable in the sharks jaw (ref. fig 3.1.18 in
section 3.1.3.).

Page 46 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.20b Alternative Method Of Anchor Rotation Using The No.2 AHV Winch

5. Pay out the second AHV winch wire down the deck to the anchor shank. Attach
the second wire to one side plate of the anchor shank using a shackle located in
one of the holes provided near the upper edges of the oblique side plates of the
shank (ref. fig. 3.1.20b).

6. With the second wire placed well to one side of the anchor cable, pay out on
both winch drums to lower the anchor back into the water,

7. When the anchor is just below the stern roller, stop paying out. Slowly haul in
on the second winch drum. The forward portion of the shank now contacts the
roller and turns the anchor until the fluke points away from the AHV.

8. Heave the anchor over the roller onto the deck using the second winch drum.

9. During decking by the second winch drum, the first drum can be used to control
the actual decking once the anchor has been rotated, and also to keep the slack
anchor chain clear of the anchor shank.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 47 of 72

3.1.5 Redeploying A Decked BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor

The following initial conditions are assumed:-

The anchor, and chaser both lie on the AHV deck. The anchor chain is held fast at
the stern of the AHV in the shark’s jaw stopper.

Stage 1 Orientation

Figure 3.1.21 Correct (FFTS) MK4 And Ring Chaser Configuration On The AHV Deck Prior To Release Of The
Jaw Stopper

1. The AHV winch hauls the chaser forward on the AHV deck so pulling the anchor
up to the chaser until the anchor shank tip firmly engages in the chaser (ref. fig.
3.1.21).

2. The AHV winch takes up the tension in the anchor chain via the pendant line so
that the chain can be released from its stopper.

Page 48 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.22 Commencement Of Deployment

3. The AHV is brought into the position such that the anchor chain lies directly
down the centre of the deck. The anchor is positioned using tugger winches so
that its shank lies parallel to and alongside the chain (ref. fig. 3.1.22).

Figure 3.1.23 Use Of Tugger Winches To Ensure The Correct Anchor Attitude

4. Again using tugger winches, tip the anchor over onto one side so that the
anchor shank and fluke effectively straddle the chain on the deck (ref. fig.
3.1.23).

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 49 of 72

Stage 2 Redeployment

Figure 3.1.24 Anchor Negotiating The Stern Roller

6. The weight of anchor chain is used to pull the anchor and chaser along the deck
towards the stern roller against the AHV winch brake, which controls the
movement. The back tension in the pendant line from the AHV winch should be
maintained in excess of 30 tonnes so as to keep the chaser in the desired
attitude (ref. fig. 3.1.24).

Any tendency for the anchor to slew too far sidewards will be prevented by the
anchor fluke engaging on the chain.

7. As the anchor goes over the stern roller of the vessel, the AHV is turned so that
the anchor chain does not foul the anchor in its suspended position.

8. The anchor and chaser are lowered away until the chaser pendant line
connection reaches the stern roller of the AHV whereupon the AHV winch is
stopped but taking care to maintain a minimum of 30 tonnes tension in the
pendant line by use of AHV engine thrust.

Page 50 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.25 Final Deployment Stage 1

9. The AHV is turned back stern-on towards the rig.

The anchor is now suspended about 45 feet below the AHV (ref. fig. 3.1.25).

This completes the redeployment of an anchor from the AHV deck.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 51 of 72

3.1.6 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Fluke Angle Adjustment Onboard An
Anchor Handling Vessel

Introduction

Fluke angle “A” is defined as the angle between the central plane of the fluke and a
straight line through the anchor shackle eye and the rear upper edge of the fluke (ref.
fig. 3.1.26).

Figure 3.1.26 Definition Of The Fluke Angle And Location Of The Forward And Rear Pins For Fluke Angle
Adjustment

Page 52 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

The fluke angle of the BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor is set by the position of the shank
relative to the fluke, as is the case for all normal anchors.

The shank of the BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 is connected to the fluke by four plain pins,
two forward ones which are fixed for adjustment purposes and are within the body of
the fluke, and two rear ones which are located in lugs on top of the fluke surface (see
the assembly/disassembly procedure of Section 2.1). Only the rear pins need to be
removed to alter the fluke angle.

Adjustment of the anchor’s fluke angle is facilitated by a series of holes in the shank
rear lugs, which allow settings of 30°, 36° or 50°. The 30° setting is typically for a
firm seabed e.g. sands, firm clays, and gravel. The 36° setting is for use in loose
sand seabeds, stratified soils or as a compromise fluke angle capable to providing
reasonable holding capacity in all seabeds. The 50° setting is for a soft seabed e.g.
deep soft mud.

On the deck on an AHV the fluke angle can be altered without the need for any
special tooling, provided tugger winches are available on the vessel.

This procedure does not necessarily need to be followed if the anchor is situated at
the dockside or in a workshop where the facilities may allow alternative methods to
be used.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 53 of 72

Procedure

Figure 3.1.27 Correct Decking Attitude Prior To Fluke Angle Adjustment

1. The anchor is decked onto the AHV on its back (ref. fig. 3.1.27).

For the procedure for correct recovery of the (FFTS) MK4 onto the deck of the
AHV, see section 3.1.3.

Figure 3.1.28 Attachment Of Tugger Winches For Fluke Angle Adjustment

2. Tugger winch lines are attached to the anchor fluke as shown (ref. fig. 3.1.28).

A load is then applied to take the weight of the fluke off the rear pins. This will
help in the removal of the rear pins (see the next step).

Page 54 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Figure 3.1.29 Removal Of Rear Pins

3. Remove each rear pin retaining split pin (1 off each side of the shank) and
knock out the rear pins (from inside the shank outwards) using a hammer and
suitable drift (e.g. a smaller piece of bar) (ref. fig. 3.1.29).

Figure 3.1.30 Co-ordination Of Tugger Winches For Fluke Angle Adjustment

4. Use the tugger winches to rotate the fluke relative to the shank until the desired
fluke angle pinhole alignment is achieved. Insert the rear pins at the new
position and lock in place with the retaining split pins (ref. fig. 3.1.30).

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 55 of 72

3.2 ANCHOR HANDLING PROCEDURE FOR BRUCE (FFTS) MK4
ANCHORS WITHOUT A BRUCE RING CHASER

3.2.1 Anchor Deployment Without The Crown Pendant Line

In the event of a BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchor being deployed from the deck of an
AHV without a crown pendant line as would be the case for the deployment, typically,
of the first anchor in a group, (for example, a group securing a buoy or prelaid
moorings for semi-submersibles) the procedure is as follows:-

Stage 1 Deployment

Figure 3.2.1 Anchor Deployment Using The Mooring Line

1. Tugger winches attached to the anchor are passed around blocks and used to
pull the anchor down the deck to the stern roller as the anchor line is paid out
from the main winch of the AHV (ref. fig. 3.2.1).

When the centre of gravity of the anchor is outboard of the stern roller, the
tugger winches are disconnected and the anchor passes over due to its own
weight.

The descent of the anchor is controlled by the AHV winch slowly paying out the
mooring line.

Page 56 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 2 Laying On Seabed

Figure 3.2.2 Laying The Anchor On The Seabed Using The Mooring Line

2. The AHV pays out the mooring line to lower the anchor to the seabed. On set-
down of the anchor, the AHV pays out more of the mooring line and
simultaneously starts heading slowly in the required line of lay for the anchor
line to avoid fouling the anchor with a bight of the line (ref. fig. 3.2.2).

If the first anchor in a group were initially transported to site whilst held at the
stern roller, then deployment from the AHV would consist of paying out the
mooring line and allowing the anchor to pass into the water under its own
weight.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 57 of 72

3.2.2 Anchor Deployment By The Crown Pendant Line

Figure 3.2.3 Anchor Deployment Using The Crown Pendant Line

The BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchor incorporates a pendant line connection lug located
centrally at the rear of the anchor fluke and/or holes in the rear of the shank main
plates for connection of a pendant bridle (ref. fig. 3.2.3).

In the event of a BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 anchor being deployed from the deck of an
AHV using a conventional pendant line attached to the anchor fluke pendant line lug
or shank holes, as would be the case for the deployment of the second subsequent
anchors in a group, (again, as in section 3.2.1, securing a buoy for example) the
procedure is as follows:-

Stage 1 Deployment From AHV

1. With the pendant line attached to the AHV winch, the anchor is pulled aft down
the deck by the weight of the suspended anchor line and over the stern roller
against the brake of the winch, which controls the deployment.

2. The anchor pendant is paid out to lower the anchor to the seabed.

Page 58 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 2 Laying On Seabed

Figure 3.2.4 Laying The Anchor On The Seabed Using The Crown Pendant Line

3. The AHV lowers the anchor by paying out the pendant wire while using engine
thrust to keep some tension in the laid out anchor cable. Back tension on the
anchor cable keeps it stretched out and prevents any bights from occurring on
the seabed during anchor set-down. The anchor automatically hangs in the
fluke-down attitude ready for penetrating the seabed soil (ref. fig. 3.2.4).

4. On the set-down the anchor pendant can be buoyed off at the surface or laid on
the seabed for recovery by a grapple or J chaser.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 59 of 72

3.2.3 Recovery Of An Anchor By The Crown Pendant Line

This procedure covers typically the first up to and including the penultimate anchors
in a group to be recovered.

With the anchor buried firmly in the seabed, the procedure is as follows:-

Stage 1 Break Out From The Seabed

Figure 3.2.5 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed Using The Crown Pendant Line

1. The AHV retrieves the anchor pendant line and connects it to the AHV work
wire (ref. fig. 3.2.5).

2. With the anchor line slack, the pendant wire is heaved in the break the anchor
backwards out of the seabed.

3. The pendant line is heaved in further until the anchor is hanging under the stern
roller below the propeller wash zone.

Page 60 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 2 Decking Onboard AHV

Figure 3.2.6 Anchor Decking Using The Crown Pendant Line

4. The pendant line is hauled in to bring the anchor up to the stern roller (ref. fig.
3.2.6).

If the anchor is in the correct attitude for decking, as shown with its fluke away
from the AHV propellers, it may be heaved on board.

In this attitude, the anchor will traverse the stern roller in a stable manner and
arrive on deck on its back.

5. If the anchor is not in the correct attitude for decking, suspend the anchor in the
propeller wash zone and use the propellers to turn the anchor into the correct
attitude for decking with its fluke away from the AHV.

6. Heave the anchor onboard.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 61 of 72

3.2.4 Recovery Of An Anchor Without The Crown Pendant Line Attached
(Short Scope Method)

This procedure typically concerns the final anchor in a group to be recovered (i.e. the
first to be deployed).
This method may apply to semi-submersible mooring systems.
Again, with the anchor buried firmly in the seabed, the procedure is as follows:

Stage 1 Break Out From Seabed

Figure 3.2.7 Breaking The Anchor Out Of The Seabed Using The Mooring Line

1. The AHV retrieves the anchor line and steams aft to come over the anchor (ref.
fig. 3.2.7).

2. Slowly heaving in the anchor line vertically breaks the anchor out of the seabed
as shown.

3. AHV heaves in the anchor line further until the anchor is hanging below the
stern roller below the propeller wash zone.

Page 62 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

Stage 2 Decking On Board AHV

Figure 3.2.8 Anchor Decking Using The Mooring Line

4. To deck correctly and easily, the anchor must be in the attitude shown, with its
fluke away from the AHV, when it is heaved up into contact with the stern roller
(ref. fig. 3.2.8).

In this attitude the anchor will traverse the stern roller smoothly and come on
deck in a stable manner.

If the anchor is not in the correct attitude, use the propellers when the anchor is
hanging off the stern roller of the AHV in the wash zone to turn the anchor so
that its fluke is away from the AHV propellers. As the anchor is heaved up over
the stern roller, propeller wash may continue to be used to maintain the anchor
in the correct decking attitude.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 63 of 72

Figure 3.2.9 Anchor Attitude Adjustment At The Stern Roller Using Tugger Winches (Anchor Recovery –
Transfer Of The Chaser From The Rig To The AHV)

5. If the anchor should come up to the stern roller in an attitude unsuitable for
decking and engage on the stern roller, tugger winches may be used to facilitate
decking. The procedure is as follows:

a) When the anchor engages on the stern roller as shown, hold the anchor
on the roller and attach tugger lines as in section 3.1.3.5 and in the inset
diagram of fig. 3.2.9.

Page 64 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

 b) The port tugger is taken under the shank to the starboard oblique plate
shackle hole and the starboard tugger is taken over the shank to attach to
the port oblique plate shackle hole.

c) Lower the anchor back into water and turn it into the correct attitude using
the tuggers.

d) Haul the anchor in as shown previously.

Alternatively, the method outlined in section 3.1.4 may be employed.

If the anchor in question is the last one to be recovered it may be appropriate to stow
the anchor with its fluke engaged under the stern roller as shown for transportation to
the next location.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 65 of 72

PART 4. DOCUMENT REVISIONS

ISSUE DATE AUTHOR COMMENTS & SIGNATURE

0 SEP 92 IF NEW DOCUMENT ISSUED FOR APPROVAL

1 OCT 92 PEF BREAKOUT PROCEDURE UPDATED AND FIG. 3.1.10 ALTERED.

ISSUED FOR GENERAL RELEASE (CONTROLLED COPIES
ONLY).

2 NOV 92 IF COMMENTS BY CAPT. ALEC JOHNSON. SECTIONS 3.1.1, 2, 3, 4

& 6 AND 3.2.2 & 4 ALTERED. FLUKE ANGLE OF 36 DEG.
INCLUDED.

3 OCT 93 PB FIGURES INTEGRATED INTO TEXT.

BREAKOUT PROCEDURE UPDATED -SECTION 3.1.2.

4 FEB 92 PEF REVISION TO SECTION 3.1.2, PARAGRAPHS 4 & 5

5 JAN 95 JSN TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS CORRECTED.

6 APR 96 PB REVISION TO SECTIONS 2.1 & 3.1.2. CHASER RIB ADDED

THROUGHOUT.

7 JUL 96 IMJ TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS CORRECTED.

8 APR 97 PEF SECTION 3.1.3 STAGE 2 - MAXIMUM “NEVER EXCEED” LOAD OF

85 TONNES ADDED.

9 Feb 05 KG ALL DRAWINGS OF FFTS MK4s UPDATED TO REFLECT

STANDARD ANCHOR. CORRECT FIGURE 3.2.9 INSERTED.

Page 66 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

APPENDICES

A. BRUCE Fabricated Orientation Link

Figure A.1 BRUCE Orientation Link 1

The BRUCE orientation link is an option available with the (FFTS) MK4 anchor and
has been designed to fit in the main anchor line (ref. fig. A.1).

To avoid shackle damage due to kinking, the BRUCE Anchor short shackle is made
captive in the rear shackle hole of the orientation link by a stud welded in the shackle
slot of the orientation link after the shackle has been threaded through. A special
BRUCE orientation link shackle is located in the front shackle hole of the orientation
link.

When fitted between the anchor and the main anchor line, the device will make the
anchor turn onto its back when negotiating the stern roller of the anchor handling
vessel. This allows easy decking of the anchor.

When racking the anchor against the bolster bar of the rig, the interaction of the
vertical fin on the orientation link with the bolster bar makes the anchor turn on its
side and subsequently roll over to achieve a fluke downwards attitude to engage the
bolster bar correctly.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 67 of 72

B. BRUCE Orientation Link Shackle

Figure B.1 BRUCE Orientation Link Shackle

The BRUCE Orientation Link Shackle is a special short bodied derivative of the
BRUCE anchor shackle (described in section 1.3) which connects the orientation link
to the anchor chain (ref. fig. B.1).

It has a breaking load exceeding 1,000 tonnes and incorporates the BRUCE shackle
bolt and nut locking system. The bolt head and nut are domed to assist both the
orientation process and passage of the associated BRUCE Ring Chaser.

The BRUCE Orientation Link Shackle is similar in principle to the BRUCE Anchor
Shackle - described in section 1.3, with the assembly and disassembly procedures
given in section 2.1.

Page 68 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

C. BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor - Forward Pin Insertion & Removal Tool

This procedure should be used in conjunction with the (FFTS) MK4 assembly and
disassembly procedure described in section 2.1.

Inserting The Forward Pin

Figure C.1 Forward Pin Insertion

1. Position the shank lugs into the fluke clevis slot and line the holes up (ref. fig.
C.1).

2. Place the pins on the guide rails inside the fluke and enter them into the fluke
clevis lug bore as far as possible by hand.

3. Place a spacer in the fluke access hole at its outer end.

4. Fit the tool slotted block onto the pin knob as shown.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 69 of 72

5. Using a crow bar (pry bar), lever the tool against the spacer by pulling the crow
bar away from the anchor shank so that the pin is forced into the aligned shank
lug and fluke clevis holes.

6. Continue levering until the tool cannot move any further.

7. If necessary use further spacer pieces to lever against until the pin is forced all
the way into the hole, so that the pin flange abuts against the outer surface of
the fluke clevis plate. Repeat for the second pin.

Extracting The Forward Pin

Figure C.2 Forward Pin Removal – First Stage

1. Remove the cover/locking plate from the fluke to reveal the pin end (ref. fig.
C.2).

2. Place the tool slotted block onto the pin knob making sure the slotted block
seats right down onto the pin knob.

3. Using the crow bar, lever the tool against the fluke clevis plate. Pivoting take
place at the roller on the tool, which bears against the outer face of one clevis
plate.

4. The pin is drawn out of the fluke by the levering and rolling action of the tool as
the crow bar is moved towards the shank.

Page 70 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure

5. Continue levering until the crow bar will not travel any further. The pin should
now have been drawn out about 60mm from the hole.

Figure C.3 Forward Pin Removal – Subsequent Stages

6. Move the crow bar down towards the fluke surface as far as it will travel (ref. fig.
C.3).

7. Place a suitable spacer between the tool roller and the outer face of the clevis
plate.

8. Use the crow bar again to lever the tool against the spacer to continue
extracting the pin by moving the crowbar towards the shank.

9. Continue levering until the pin is removed from hole.

10. Remove the spacer.

11. Remove the tool.

12. Remove the pin by hand. Repeat for the second pin.

BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure Page 71 of 72

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank Captain Ross Watson of Ross Maritime Ltd and Captain
Alex Johnson for suggestion and information used in the preparation of this manual.

Also, thanks go to Mr Andy Le Gault of Sonat Offshore (UK) Inc. for suggesting the
procedure 3.1.4 using the second work-wire on the AHV.

Page 72 of 72 BRUCE (FFTS) MK4 Anchor Handling Procedure