Instruction Types

A.
Phonics Instruction
Teaching using phonics

instruction would help familiarize
the students to the relationship between the
words’ sounds and its spellings. The goal of
phonics instruction is to teach the students
common sound- spelling
relationships so that they would be able to decode, or sound out, words.
This decoding ability is a crucial element in reading success.
Reading skills that would be developed:
 Reading Comprehension. Systematic phonics instruction is designed
to increase accuracy in decoding and word recognition skills, which in turn
facilitate comprehension.
 Fluency. Phonics instruction helps the reader to map sounds onto spellings. This ability
enables readers to decode words. Decoding words aids in the development of and
improvement in word recognition. The more words one recognizes, the easier the reading
task. Therefore, phonics instruction aids in the development of word recognition or
fluency by providing children with an important and useful way to figure out unfamiliar
words while reading.
 Decoding. Phonics is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between
the sounds of spoken language, and the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in
written language. Successful decoding occurs when a student uses his or her knowledge
of letter-sound relationships to accurately read a word.
Using the cut-out plastic letters in the picture, I would give each student a letter and I will let
them share in front of the class what that letter they are holding is and how to pronounce it. This
will help engrave into the students’ minds what the letters they are holding and how they use it or
pronounce it. Of course, not just the ones they are holding but also the ones their classmates are
presenting. In that way, they would learn from each other and they would be able to master all
the letters in the alphabet. And then as time passes, they would be able to use those letters to
form words and even pronounce those words correctly.
B. Fluency Instruction
Being able to read fluently—meaning with speed, accuracy, and expression—is an important
literacy skill for students to develop.
 Reading Comprehension. When students are able to read without stumbling over words,
and with appropriate tone and expression, their comprehension will improve and they’ll
enjoy reading even more.
 Word Recognition. Since this reading genre wheel helps the students read a variety of
books or stories with different genre, they would also be able to encounter different
words. Then if they encounter unfamiliar words and continuously ask about it, that word
would be retained in their minds and their word recognition would improve.
Reading aloud to students is one of the most effective ways to improve fluency, and it’s also one
of the easiest. Using the first genre wheel, I can read aloud to students different stories that
would expose them to different genres and different words. I would make sure to se proper
expression and pronunciation so that my students would be able to pick up on those cues and
translate them to their own reading. I could also use the second genre wheel by printing it and
distributing it to students. This is to get the students out of their reading comfort zones and this
would help them track the different genres they are reading throughout the year. Students must
read each genre of book before getting a new wheel. This would also help students to respond to
different types of texts on a regular basis and challenge them to complete the wheel by reading a
variety of genres.
C. Vocabulary Instruction
The more words the kids are exposed to, the richer their vocabulary becomes. To build the
child’s vocabulary, it is necessary to have frequent conversations with them on a variety of topic.
We can try to include new words and ideas in the conversations. Reading can also help improve
the vocabulary of the students.

 Decoding. Most kids pick up the broad skill of phonological awareness naturally by
being exposed to books, songs, and rhymes. The best way to help kids with these skills is
through specific instruction and practice of their vocabulary.
 Fluency. Words recognition can be a big obstacle for struggling readers. Average readers
need to see a word 4 to 14 times before it becomes a sight word they automatically
recognize. Lots of kids struggle with reading fluency, kids need lots of specific
instruction and practice to improve word recognition. And one of the ways to help build
fluency is to first widen the vocabulary of the children.
Using the instructional materials which are a combination of different pictures, I will let the
students tell me what the picture is all about and what they think is the word associated with it. I
will challenge them one by one to understand the extent of their vocabulary and to let the other
students learn from what they know. Using this strategy will help the students familiarize
themselves with different words and what the words are all about.
 Reading Comprehension. To understand what you’re reading, you need to understand
most of the words in the text. Having a strong vocabulary is a key component of reading
comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they are reading without knowing what
most of the words mean. As children learn to read more advanced texts, they must learn
the meaning of new words that are not part of their oral vocabulary.
 Fluency. To read fluently, kids need to instantly recognize words, and widening the
vocabulary would be necessary to achieve fluency. This vocabulary word wall includes
cards presenting a target word and a corresponding visual image that would familiarize
the students with uncommon words which would expand their vocabulary and this would
help them be more fluent.
In using this Vocabulary Word Wall, I could instruct the students to select a word they know
from the wall and share its meaning in front of the class. Then I could ask the other students to
evaluate their explanations. This would challenge them because they have to think about their
own understanding of the meaning of the word and share it with their classmates. Aside from
that, this would also help the students learn new words that they are not familiar with through
their classmates. I would change the words that is attached to the Vocabulary Word Wall every
day and the words I would post would be deeper and deeper to widen and challenge their
vocabulary.
D. Comprehension Instruction
Teaching with comprehension instruction would help children to become independent because
the moment they could understand the text, they would not need their parents or any adults to
supervise them as they read. Aside from that, there are several reading skills that would be
developed with the help of comprehension instruction:
 Decoding. Teaching with comprehension instruction would help children be able to
decode what they are reading. This is a vital step in the reading process. The
students/children use decoding to sound out the words they have seen before but they
have not seen written out. The ability to do this is the foundation for other reading skills.
 Fluency. Another reading skill that the comprehension instruction could help develop
would be fluency or the ability to recognize words, even the words that the students can’t
sound out like words of and the. Fluency speeds up the pace at which the students can
read and understand text.
 Vocabulary. Teaching comprehension to students helps them develop their vocabulary.
Since teaching comprehension involves a lot of reading, the child’s vocabulary would
also widen as they encounter words and ask the meanings of those words to the teacher.
To teach the children using this instructional materials, I could summarize the storybook or the
reading text in order to help the children remember what they have read and for them to be able
to identify the important parts or the critical points in the text. Using graphic and semantic
organizers would also help improve their comprehension skills because they would be able to
better understand the concepts and even the relationship between the concepts. Finally, I could
ask them questions about the story or the reading text to check whether they really understood it
or not. This would help me identify the points that I need to clarify and help them remember the
important points more. I could also encourage them to ask questions about the story or text to
check their comprehension.

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A.

Teaching using phonics

Reading skills that would be developed:

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