ECOTOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

The first serious effort to come up with a definition of ecotourism in the

Philippine context was on December 1994 when the Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD),
the DOT and the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) jointly sponsored a
tourism symposium workshop, solely for this purpose. It defined ecotourism as ‘an
environmentally sound tourism activity, sustainably implemented in a given
ecosystem yielding socio-economic benefits and enhancing natural and cultural
diversity conservation.’

This definition was enhanced by a government circular entitled “Guide Laws

for Ecotourism Development” in the Philippines and signed in June 1998. It changed
the 1994 definition to "a low-impact, environmentally-sound and
community-participatory tourism activity in a given natural environment that
enhances the conservation of biophysical understanding and education and yields
socio-economic benefits to the concerned community

To provide the legislative backbone, a Senate Bill was filed to provide for a
national ecotourism policy, establishing a framework for its institutionalization and
its implementation. However, in June 1997, to fast track the process of evolving a
national policy, President Estrada provided a significant boost to the country’s
ecotourism program with the issuance of Executive Order No. 111.

ECOTOURISM DEFINED

Ecotourism refers to a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and

cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management
of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental
education and ethics as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the
enrichment of host communities and satisfaction of visitors.

Ecotourism is a concept that provides a “win-win” situation especially in

protected areas and natural destinations that may be sensitive to human impacts.
Over the years there has been much confusion over the concept that several places are
being promoted for ecotourism despite that fact that they are not practicing or
demonstrating sustainable principles. Understanding these principles is part of the
responsibility of proponents who wish to engage in ecotourism related projects.

Principles of ecotourism

1. Conservation of natural ecosystems, biodiversity and culture;

2. Community participation in the growth of the local tourism industry;
3. Inclusive growth that involves, women, children, indigenous peoples, informal
sector;
4. Increased awareness on environmental conservation and responsible travel;
5. Balanced development by taking into consideration economic, environmental
and social goals.

TYPES OF ECOTOURISTS
According to the United Nations, there are three types: hard ecotourist, soft
ecotourist and the adventure ecotourist. They share a common interest but enjoy
slightly different flavors of green travel as well as levels of exertion. From those
looking to explore the rugged outdoors to others wanting to enjoy luxury done
green. They are experienced travelers and are shaping the market.

1. Hard ecotourist is motivated primarily by a scientific interest in nature and is

interested in bird watching, nature photography, and botanical trips. Sometimes
they will take on activities that require strenuous effort and non-hotel
accommodations. However, they are demanding more amenities at hotels and
resorts driving up the price.

2. Soft ecotourist is interested in observing wildlife and participating in local

culture. Hiking is a favorite activity and they are less intense than the hard
ecotourist.

3. Adventure ecotourist engages in moderate to high-risk activities such

as surfing, scuba diving, snorkeling, wind surfing, whitewater rafting, and sport
fishing. These types are the adrenaline all or nothing types looking for a
challenge.

Ecotourism promotes cultural awareness, tolerance and commitment to protecting the

environment. But ecotourism does not mean sacrificing luxury. Luxury with an
eco-experience is a fast- growing market. There is an increasing demand from
consumers for green luxury. It is a myth that in order to do things in an ecologically
friendly way means sacrifice. Being green does not mean a reduction in our quality of
life, it actually means an improvement in our quality of life.

ECOTOURISM CYCLE
 IMPORTANCE OF ECOTOURISM
Ecotourism plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable tourism practices
while preserving the country’s natural resources.

Preservation of biodiversity. The government has recognized the need to protect their
fragile ecosystems. Responsible ecotourism practices support conservation efforts and
help local communities benefit from natural resources. Ecotourists have the opportunity
to get up close and personal with some of the most extraordinary natural places on
earth. As well as immerse themselves in educational experiences about the local culture
and environment in some areas. By buying into responsible ecotourism packages which
comply with industry standards, people are able to support an industry.

Economic benefits. The economic benefits of ecotourism in the Philippines are

considerable. This type of tourism helps to contribute to the country’s GDP growth.

● Job creation: Ecotourism provides employment opportunities for local

communities, including tour guides, accommodation providers, and other
related businesses.
● Revenue generation: Ecotourism contributes to the country’s economy by
generating revenue from entrance fees, accommodation fees, and other
tourism-related expenses.
● Promotion of local products: Ecotourism provides an opportunity for local
businesses to showcase their products and services, including food, handicrafts,
and other souvenirs.
● Development of infrastructure: Ecotourism can encourage the development of
infrastructure such as roads, transportation, and communication systems, which
can also benefit local communities.
 ● Preservation of cultural heritage: Ecotourism can help preserve cultural heritage
sites and practices, which can attract tourists interested in learning about the
local culture.
● Investment opportunities: Ecotourism can attract foreign investors who are
interested in supporting sustainable tourism practices, which can provide
additional economic benefits to the country.

Cultural preservation. It is important to preserve and protect the country’s unique

cultural identity for future generations to appreciate. Ecotourism is one avenue through
which this goal can be achieved. It helps to bring in revenue that can be used to support
preservation initiatives.

By deepening knowledge of their environment, citizens ultimately gain a better sense of

well-being. This encourages travelers to visit the Philippines responsibly. With a focus
on sustainability and ethical practices. Ecotourism in the Philippines serves as an
effective means for conserving cultural heritage.

Boosting local communities. The Philippines is home to roughly 7,641 islands and
boasts incredible biodiversity. Ecotourism provides an excellent opportunity for the
country’s citizens to embrace their local environment. Through activities like bird
watching or fishing trips, ecotourists can interact with nature in a safe manner while
helping growing local economies.

Ecotourism helps give the country a distinct identity amongst travelers. It creates
additional streams of foreign currency that can benefit impoverished rural
communities. By exposing tourists to preserved environments they might foster the
importance conversations within the broader tourism industry.

Ecotourism as a tool for conservation. Ecotourism is a powerful tool that has allowed
Philippines to make progress in protecting its natural resources. It relies on responsible
travel by conscious tourists that want to actively help the environment. This type of
tourism encourages people to learn more about their surroundings. And also use
sustainable consumption habits by reducing their impact and consumption of natural
resources. Philippines is home to many incredible site visits filled with tropical forests
that threaten to be lost if not managed sustainably.

Environmental education. Ecotourism is becoming a popular tool for conservation

around the world. This type of tourism involves visiting natural areas in a sustainable
manner and allows people to learn more about the environment, thus instilling a sense
of stewardship in those who visit. It gives people insight into how human activity
impacts nature. This understanding can then be taken home with them, contributing to
wider environmental education. Local communities often benefit from ecotourism due
to the employment opportunities it creates.

Conservation funding. The Philippines is a nation that has abundant natural resources.
It’s teeming with wildlife and breathtaking coral reefs. The potential of ecotourism as a
tool for conservation funding is enormous in this area. Ecotourism relies on preserving
the delicate balance between humans and nature. This creates sustainable businesses in
which profits are used for conservation initiatives.

It provides an opportunity for local people to benefit from the economy created by
tourists. This type of tourism gives visitors a chance to experience the Philippines’
natural beauty firsthand and appreciate its value, while also introducing funding into
local efforts to conserve it.

Promoting sustainable practices. It provides an avenue for nature lovers to enjoy the
Philippines’ numerous natural attractions. It is also helping in preserving these
beautiful and fragile places. Ecotourism activities, such as guided tours and educational
seminars, introduce visitors to the Philippines’ unique flora and fauna. This allows
them to learn about conservation efforts and sustainable practices that are being
implemented in the area. Many ecotourists invest in local businesses or help with
clean-up initiatives. By encouraging ecotourism in the Philippines, we can continue to
bring awareness of our incredible landscape.

IMPACTS OF ECOTOURISM

Positive Impacts of Ecotourism

Interest, both regarding nature and interaction, is a component of ecotourism.
✔ Tourists are broadening the tourists’ choices and locations, rather than heading to
major tourist spots.
✔ Additional locations imply greater job prospects for native individuals in
low-income regions and nations. Local residents serve as tourist guides,
specialists, demonstrations, shopkeepers, and attendees to visitors.
✔ The impact of ecotourism in increasing tourism translates to more revenue
flowing straight back into the neighborhood, as well as a greater level of lifestyle.
✔ Social engagement and ecotourism enable individuals from all around the globe
to visit underprivileged communities and help them recover by offering
resources and support. In that case, a holiday may entail helping, constructing, or
assisting in a poor neighborhood.
✔ Ecotourism promotes ethnic awareness. Regions may increase their prosperity
and enlighten a larger audience by embracing native culture accommodation,
cuisine, heritage, and events. This is one of main positive impacts of ecotourism.
 ✔ Projects for repair and maintenance are funded with the money saved by easing
ecological restrictions.
✔ Ecotourism allows individuals to enjoy a fresh interaction with wilderness while
also learning something about ecological issues.
✔ Ecotourists may have a stronger appreciation for the environment after seeing it
up close and personally.

Negative Impacts of Ecotourism

⮚ As ecotourism grows, so does the demand to improve regions and make
them increasingly accessible and luxurious. Expanding housing, companies, and
facilities inside these towns and attractions harm and damage the environment.
⮚ Visitors put more strain on native organisms by harming the natural
ecosystem.Very many individuals may enter a certain area, disturbing the species
that reside there and destroying their homes. Ecotourists may collect objects for
mementos in an unsustainable fashion, disturb animals and other species, step
on plants, and compress the ground while traveling, which can occasionally
result in the environment being “loved to death.”. These are some examples of
the negative impacts of ecotourism.
⮚ Increasing resource pressure among encroaching tourism activities and
indigenous communities is also a negative impact of ecotourism. In their
absence, such societies and settings adopt the qualities and attributes of past
prominent destinations. Indigenous traditions are altered in order to maintain
visitors visiting, which contributes to asset and animal plunder, which is
presently ruining attractions. Expansionism and urbanization are more prone to
happen in regions next to frequented sites.
⮚ Sound, light degradation, roadway construction, and a variety of other
operations can all cause environmental and animal disruptions. If the locals are
not included onboard and operations are not controlled regionally, ecotourism
will be troublesome for the societies.
⮚ Human-wildlife confrontations between visitors and the travel sector have risen.
Human-animal conflict could rise when individuals intrude further on
the environment (particularly if the motives are good). The wildlife enters nearby
urban facilities in search of food, which harms the ecosystem. In urbanized
locations, wildlife could also be more prone to be harmed by vehicles and
humans.
⮚ For certain animals, the simple existence of humans can have a detrimental
influence on breeding, migration, as well as other ecological activities.

ECOTOURISM DESTINATIONS

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

The Tubbataha Reefs in the Philippines are renowned as one of the world’s finest
diving spots. The reefs are home to hundreds of rare and exotic sea marines and birds,
hawksbills, and green sea turtles.

In 1993, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Due to its remote
location, the journey takes 10-12 hours to get there, and the site is only available from
mid-March to mid-June. Despite the complication of traveling, the experience will
definitely be worthwhile!

Cuatro Islas Protected Areas

Cuatro Islas, located in the western part of Leyte, is a collection of islands and a
conservation area with stunning white-sand beaches and vibrant coral gardens. These
islands, which are aptly named ‘Four Islands’, are Apid, Digyo, Himokilan, and
Mahaba, each with its own unique characteristics.

The marine ecosystem surrounding the islands is diverse and flourishing, making
Cuatro Islas a prime destination for recreational diving. The responsible maintenance of
the environment contributes to the development of Cuatro Islas as a top diving location,
providing tourists with the opportunity to observe and interact with the diverse marine
sanctuary.

Biri-Larosa
The Biri-Larosa Protected Landscape/Seascape is a stunning natural wonder situated
in Northern Samar, renowned for its magnificent rock formations and picturesque
vistas. The region boasts seven enormous rock formations: Magasang, Magsapad,
Macadlaw, Puhunan, Bel-at, Caranas, and Pinanahawan.

Cultural and Historical Heritage Sites

Batad
Batad is a small village located in Ifugao province’s Banaue region in the Philippines.
UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in ’95. Batad is where ancient rice terraces
can be found that were carved by hand by farmers over 2000 years ago as part of their
agricultural practice.

Visitors to Batad can stay in one of the village’s homestays and learn about Batad’s
culture and history. They also have the option of hiring a local guide to explore and trek
through the rice terraces. In addition to the rice terraces, popular tourist destinations in
Batad include the Tappiya Falls and the Awa View Deck located up in the mountains.

Lake Sebu
Lake Sebu spans an area of 354 hectares and has 11 small islands. It is a very popular
eco-cultural destination in the Philippines, having been nominated for the Top 100
Sustainable Destinations award in 2016, along with Lake Holon in North Cotabato.

While Lake Sebu is undoubtedly picturesque and serene, it also boasts several
protected wildlife species and natural wonders, including three lakes, seven waterfalls,
and a rainforest. Additionally, guests can immerse themselves in the local culture by
engaging with the indigenous tribes in the area, such as the T’Boli, Ubo, Tiruray, and
Manobo. A must-try activity is learning their traditional arts and crafts, such as the
making of t’nalak weaves and brassware.

Eco-Friendly And Ecotourism Activities

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, recognized as one of the New
7 Wonders of Nature in 2012, has become a hugely popular tourist destination in
Palawan. To get to the park from the city center, visitors need to travel approximately 80
kilometers north to the town of Sabang. Once there, they can access the Underground
River by boat or hiking.

Tourists can take a trip along the 8- kilometer river, one of the longest navigable river
caves in the world. The tour is guided by a small paddle boat and explores a cave
boasting amazing stalactite and stalagmite formations.

Apo Reef Snorkel

It is the second largest contiguous reef in the world, with a length of over 600
kilometers, falling short of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. The park is a sprawling
17 square miles of untouched waters, boasting three islands as part of its geography.

Paddle Through Hundred Islands National Park

The park consists of 123 islands, some of which are just large rocks and others have
unique mushroom-shaped tops due to years of erosion. Kayaking is the ideal way to
explore these impressive formations, but visitors should bring their own food and water
since only a few of the islands are populated.

Explore Through the Mangroves

Bakhawan Eco Park is a large forest area spanning 543 acres that were created
through a mangrove reforestation initiative in the late 1980s. It was initially only 123
acres but has since expanded.

The park, whose name means “mangrove” in the local language (Aklanon), is home
to more than 20 different types of mangroves, as well as a wide variety of birds and
marine life. Guests can stroll along a short bamboo boardwalk that winds through the
forest to reach a lagoon where the Kailbo River meets the Sibuyan Sea.

Active Volcanoes
The Philippines boasts a large number of volcanoes – with around 300 being dormant
and 25 active. Despite this, the volcanoes are regularly monitored to ensure safety.

Mount Pinatubo is situated just a few hours from Manila and is a popular day-trip
destination for hikers. Despite causing widespread damage during its last eruption in
1991, it now offers stunning views of its crater lake (swimming is prohibited due to high
sulfur levels) and the moon-like lahar canyon, formed from volcanic debris flow.

Iloilo City Carbon Offset Tour

The Iloilo City Carbon Offset Tour offers an adventure that showcases the top
attractions in Iloilo, such as the renowned heritage street, Calle Real, while
simultaneously counterbalancing the carbon emissions generated during the journey.

Iloilo City, celebrated for its abundant cultural history and scenic landscapes, serves
as a perfect location for carbon offset tours. These excursions enable tourists to discover
the region while reducing their environmental footprint.

Sustainable Accommodations

Green Resorts

Daluyon Beach and Mountain Resort, Palawan

The resort’s sustainable design includes preserving the natural terrain and vegetation
during construction. Being off-grid necessitated a sustainable electricity source, leading
the resort to become a founding member of the Zero Carbon Resorts project, which
started in 2010 and was funded by the EU.

The project’s 3R approach – Reduce, Replace, and Redesign – was implemented to

decrease the resort’s carbon footprint as close to zero as possible. The resort utilized
eco-friendly practices, such as solar and heat exchange technology, redesigned villas for
better natural ventilation, and installed energy-efficient air-conditioners and lights.

Amarela Resort, Bohol

Amarela Resort employs solar panel systems on their rooftops to keep the air
carbon-free, although it may take some time for the showers to heat up. The resort aims
to minimize energy usage, and pollution, and maximize resource reuse and recycling to
maintain a low environmental impact.
 To reduce food waste, the restaurant collects leftovers and donates them to farmers in
exchange for a roast pig to be served at the staff Christmas party. The resort also uses
ceramic soap dispensers made by local artisans, eliminating the need for disposable
shampoo sachets and soap bottles.

Green Hostels

The Circle Hostel

The Circle Hostel is a place to stay in San Juan, La Union that is environmentally
friendly. This coastal province is situated in the northern area of the Luzon region and is
known as the “Surfing Capital of the North” because it has consistent waves all year
round. Additionally, it is a well-liked destination for weekend getaways since it is 270
kilometers away from Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.

Bohol Coco Farm

The Bohol Coco Farm Hostel is managed by a family from the local community, who
employ other locals to work on their 2.5-hectare property. The atmosphere at the hostel
is laid-back and amiable, allowing guests to socialize in the common area, which also
doubles as the reception and dining area.

Guests can take some time out in the hammocks and get a complimentary organic
breakfast with coconut dishes. Furthermore, the hostel offers guided tours to some of
the island’s top eco-adventures.

Lub d Makati As A Base For Island Hopping Experience

Lub d Makati is a great base for an island hopping experience due to its convenient
location in the heart of the Philippine capital. It is just a short drive from the city center
to the nearby coastal areas and islands, making it easy to explore the many attractions
the region has to offer.