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Basic Literacy and Skills
Niño D. Estolas, M.Ed., LPT Home

Basic literacy refers to the capacity to read, write, and understand written Report Abuse
language. It encompasses proficiency in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and
punctuation, ensuring effective communication. (Smith, P. 2018).
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Basic literacy skills include reading, writing, and numeracy abilities. Individuals February 2024 (10)
in all communities come from diverse backgrounds and engage in various
occupations. Whether they are employed or responsible for managing household About Me
tasks ( Kapur, R. 2019). Niño D. Estolas

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What is literacy?

What is literacy? by College of Education at Illinois State University (2023).

Gaining literacy is an ongoing process that extends beyond traditional notions

of reading, writing, and basic arithmetic. In today's rapidly changing digital world,
literacy encompasses various abilities such as identification, comprehension,
interpretation, creation, and communication. It is not limited to mastering reading
and writing but also includes proficiency in using numbers and adapting to new
technologies and information sources. Literacy is a continuous journey of
learning and skill development, encompassing digital literacy, media literacy,
education for sustainable development, global citizenship, and job-specific skills.
As individuals increasingly interact with digital technology, literacy skills continue
to expand and evolve (UNESCO, 2024).

Classification of basic literacy typically includes the following

components:

1. Reading: The ability to recognize and comprehend written words and

sentences.
2. Writing: The skill of composing and expressing thoughts, ideas, and
 information through written language.
3. Numeracy: Basic mathematical skills such as counting, adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.

These components form the foundation of basic literacy skills and are
essential for effective communication and participation in various aspects of daily
life.

Effects of Literacy
Literacy is a tool of empowerment and liberation for individuals. In addition to
being a fundamental aspect of the right to education, literacy enhances lives by
broadening capabilities, ultimately leading to poverty reduction, increased
engagement in the workforce, and positive impacts on health and sustainable
development. Particularly, when women are empowered through literacy, it
creates a ripple effect across all facets of development. They gain greater
autonomy and opportunities, which in turn positively influence the well-being and
education of their families, including the education of girls.

The increasing demand for literacy skills in subject-specific classes highlights

the necessity of exploring innovative teaching methods to support students in
meeting these demands. While certain literacy skills, such as reading and
understanding written material, are essential across all subjects, more
specialized strategies are required as the complexity of content area learning
intensifies.

Shanahan and Shanahan (2008) introduced a helpful framework delineating

these literacy strategies into three components: basic literacy (e.g., reading and
writing), intermediate literacy facilitating learning across disciplines (e.g., using
graphic organizers, visualizing, predicting, asking questions), and disciplinary
literacy, which involves specialized literacy skills within academic subjects. While
basic literacy skills like reading proficiency are foundational for content area
learning, mastery of these skills alone does not guarantee comprehension of the
material.

Basic literacy skills primarily entail the utilization of automatic cognitive

processes such as word recognition and fluent reading. In contrast, intermediate
literacy skills entail the utilization of comprehension strategies that necessitate
deliberate cognitive effort. For instance, when students encounter a phrase like,
"the worker's expression darkened as she considered the potentially devastating
impact of the decision she was about to make," they may automatically read the
words.

However, comprehending the underlying meaning behind the worker's facial

expression darkening requires thoughtful consideration of the author's intent,
rather than solely focusing on the literal meaning of the words.

Several challenges can hinder the development of basic literacy skills:

1. Lack of Access to Education: Limited access to quality education,

especially in marginalized communities and rural areas, can prevent
individuals from acquiring basic literacy skills. Factors such as poverty,
inadequate infrastructure, and cultural barriers may contribute to unequal
access to educational opportunities.
2. Language Barriers: Language differences and linguistic diversity can pose
challenges for individuals learning to read and write. Limited availability of
materials in native languages or lack of support for bilingual education may
hinder literacy development among minority language speakers.
3. Socioeconomic Factors: Poverty, unemployment, and low socioeconomic
status can create barriers to literacy development. Economic hardship may
lead to limited access to educational resources, lack of parental support for
learning, and increased risk of dropping out of school.
4. Learning Disabilities: Individuals with learning disabilities, such as
 dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may face
difficulties in acquiring basic literacy skills. These challenges may require
specialized interventions and support from educators and healthcare
professionals.
5. Limited Literacy Skills of Parents: Children from homes where parents
have low literacy levels may experience disadvantages in developing their
own literacy skills. Lack of parental support for reading and limited
exposure to literacy-rich environments can impede children's progress in
acquiring basic literacy skills.
6. Technological Changes: Rapid advancements in technology and digital
media have reshaped the literacy landscape, creating new challenges for
individuals learning to read and write. Digital literacy skills, such as
navigating online content and critically evaluating information, have
become increasingly important but may pose challenges for those with
limited access to technology or digital literacy training.
7. Culturaland Gender Norms: Sociocultural factors and gender norms may
influence access to education and attitudes towards literacy. Discrimination
against certain groups, traditional gender roles, and cultural beliefs about
education may perpetuate inequalities in literacy attainment, particularly
among girls and women.

Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts from governments,

educators, community organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure equitable
access to quality education, provide targeted support for learners with diverse
needs, and promote a culture of lifelong learning and literacy.

School-to-Home Involvement for Basic Literacy Development

Basic Strategies for Developing Literacy

Basic Strategies for Developing Literacy by Bernard Salupan (2021).

School-to-home involvement plays a crucial role in developing basic literacy

skills in children.

Here are some ways in which schools can involve parents and caregivers in
supporting literacy development at home:

1. Communication: Schools can regularly communicate with parents about

their child's literacy progress, learning goals, and strategies for supporting
literacy development at home. This can include newsletters, emails, parent-
teacher conferences, and workshops on literacy-related topics.
2. Providing Resources: Schools can provide parents with resources and
materials to support literacy learning at home, such as books, educational
games, and online resources. They can also offer tips and suggestions for
incorporating literacy activities into daily routines, such as reading together,
storytelling, and practicing writing.
3. Family Literacy Events: Schools can organize family literacy events, such
as literacy nights, book fairs, and storytelling sessions, to engage parents
 and children in literacy-related activities. These events provide
opportunities for families to bond over reading and learning together.
4. Parent Workshops: Schools can offer workshops and training sessions for
parents on topics related to literacy development, such as phonics
instruction, reading comprehension strategies, and supporting struggling
readers. These workshops can empower parents with the knowledge and
skills to effectively support their child's literacy learning at home.
5. Encouraging Home Reading: Schools can encourage parents to prioritize
reading at home by setting aside dedicated time for reading, creating cozy
reading spaces, and establishing family reading routines. They can also
provide guidance on selecting age-appropriate books and fostering a love
of reading in children.
6. Parent Involvement in School Activities: Schools can involve parents in
literacy-related activities within the school community, such as volunteering
in the library, participating in reading buddy programs, and organizing
literacy-themed events. This promotes collaboration between home and
school in supporting literacy development.
7. Celebrating Literacy Achievements: Schools can celebrate and
recognize students' literacy achievements both at school and at home. This
can include awards ceremonies, student showcases, and praise for
progress in literacy skills. Recognizing and celebrating literacy
accomplishments motivates students and reinforces the importance of
literacy learning.

By fostering a strong partnership between home and school, educators can

maximize the support for children's literacy development and help ensure that all
students have the skills they need to succeed academically and in life.

References:

1. College of Education at Illinois State University. (2023). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlguMR1uU8I

2. Kapur, R. (2019). Significance of Basic Literacy Skills. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335927482_Significance_of_Basic_Literacy_Skills

3. Salupan, B. (2021). Basic Strategies for Developing Literacy. Retrieved from

https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/6322287332046467902/7527483683138427195

4. Smith, P. (2018). Basic Literacy. Retrieved from https://www.yorklibraries.org/shrewsbury-paul-smith/2018/03/06/basic-

literacy/

5. UNESCO. (2024). What you need to know about literacy. Retrieved from https://www.unesco.org/en/literacy/need-know
6. Basic and Intermediate Literacy. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-childrenslit/chapter/basic-
and-intermediate-literacy/

Basic Literacy by Niño D. Estolas, M.Ed., LPT is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

at February 18, 2024

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