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Unit 4 Lesson A External Environments and Accountability of Schools

This document discusses the external environments and accountability of schools. It identifies several types of external environments that can influence schools, including the mega-environment (technological, economic, legal/political, socio-cultural, international elements) and task environment (customers, competitors, suppliers, employees, government agencies). It also discusses theories of how external environments like resource dependence theory and institutional theory affect schools. The document defines accountability as accepting responsibility for one's actions and outlines key principles of accountability for schools like client focus, performance orientation, and transparency. It concludes by listing the duties and responsibilities of teachers.

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519 views3 pages

Unit 4 Lesson A External Environments and Accountability of Schools

This document discusses the external environments and accountability of schools. It identifies several types of external environments that can influence schools, including the mega-environment (technological, economic, legal/political, socio-cultural, international elements) and task environment (customers, competitors, suppliers, employees, government agencies). It also discusses theories of how external environments like resource dependence theory and institutional theory affect schools. The document defines accountability as accepting responsibility for one's actions and outlines key principles of accountability for schools like client focus, performance orientation, and transparency. It concludes by listing the duties and responsibilities of teachers.

Uploaded by

reymondpandeling
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University


Tagbina, Surigao del Sur
www.nemsu-tagbina.edu.ph

Unit 4: The Teacher and the Community


Lesson A: External Environments and Accountability of Schools

Intended Learning Outcome:


At the end of the lesson, PSTs should be able to:
1. Identify the stakeholders as integral environmental resource of the wider school
community

Content:

A. External Environments and Accountability of Schools


Environment
It consists of the set of external conditions and forces that have the potential to
influence the organization
External Environments
These are the major forces outside the organization (schools) with the potentials
to influence the operation of the services of the business.

Types of External Environments


a. Mega-environment. Are broad conditions and trends in societies in which an
organization operates.
Mega-Environment are composed of:
1. Technological element. Are current knowledge production of products and
services;
2. Economic element. System of producing, distributing and consuming
resources;
3. Legal-political element. Are legal and governmental system within which an
organizations must function;
4. Socio-cultural element. Are attitudes, values, norms, beliefs, behaviors and
associated demographic trends of a given geographical area;
5. International element. Are developments in countries outside an
organization’s with the potentials to influence the organizations.

b. Task environment. These are specifics outside elements with which an


organizations
interfaces in the course of conducting business.
Task environment are;
1. Customers and clients. Are individuals and organization purchasing an
organizations products or services;
2. Competitors. These are others persons in organizations or with a high
potential of offering rival products or services;
3. Suppliers. Are organizations and individuals supplying resources to the
needs of the organizations to conduct its operations;
4. Employees. These are individuals working for an organization;
5. Government agencies. Are agencies providing services and monitoring
compliance
Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tagbina, Surigao del Sur
www.nemsu-tagbina.edu.ph

Theory of External Environment of the Organization (Schools)


a. Resources Dependence Theory
Resource dependence theory (RDT) is the study of how the external
resources of organizations affect the behavior of the organization. According to
w.w.w.hrzone.com, RDT is underpinned by the idea that resources are key to
organizational success and that access and control over resources is a basis of power.
According to coursehero.com, RDT this is based on the principle that an organization
must engage in transactions with other actors and organizations in its environment in
order to acquire resources… [these] may create dependencies that are not.”

b. Institutional theory
Institutional theory is often used to explain the adoption and spread of formal
organizational structures, including written policies, standard practices, and new forms
of organization. Institutional theory attends to the deeper and more resilient aspects of
social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemas,
rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social
behavior.

Two perspective of Environment


1. Availability of Resources Dependence
a. Types of Resources
i. Fiscal
ii. Personnel
iii. Information
iv. Products and services
2. Institutional Perspective
It argues that environmental factors cause organization with appropriate characteristics
to survive and other to fail.

Administering Resource Environment


This is managing the environmental impacts e.g. coping strategies and other
approaches
Buffering. This strategy is to stockpile either inputs into or outputs from a production
or service process to cope with environmental fluctuations. Moreover, this is defined as
maintaining enough supplies to keep operations running smoothly.
Smoothing. It refers to the tools and techniques used to predict developments in
business, such as sales, expenditures, and profits. This is taking actions aimed at
reducing ther impact of fluctuations. This is the act of using accounting methods to
level out fluctuations in net income from different reporting period.
Forecasting. It is predicting changing conditions and future events;
Recruiting. “recruitment” is the process of finding and hiring the best and most
qualified candidate for a job opening, in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Partnership. A partnership is the relationship of two or more 'partners' carrying out a
business with a view to making a profit.

What is Accountability
Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Tagbina, Surigao del Sur
www.nemsu-tagbina.edu.ph
Accountability is the obligation or willingness to accept responsibility for one’s actions.
It’s about holding employees and executives responsible for accomplishing these
goals,
completing assignments, and making decisions that deliver on these expectations.

Key Principles of Accountability


The following principles serve as guide in performance accountability:
1. Client Focus. School focus on meeting the needs of their primary clients, students
and their parents.
2. Performance Orientation. Results are the main criteria for assessing success in the
continuous effort to improve school performance.
3. Ownership and Transparency. Stakeholders take action deliberately to fulfill
mandates and plans, with clear expectation of results.
4. Integration. The main accountability mechanisms are integrated into the normal
planning, policy and operational activities of the school and of the Department of
Education as a whole.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (Allan Ferros, Duties and responsibilities of


teachers)
1. Teaches or more grades/levels using appropriate and innovative teaching strategies
2. Facilitates learning in the elementary/secondary schools through functional lesson
plans of activities and appropriate, adequate and updated instructional materials
3. Monitors and evaluates pupils/students’ progress
4. Undertakes activities to improve performance indicators
5. Maintains updated pupils/ students’ progress regularly
6. Supervises curricular and co-curricular projects and activities
7. Maintains updated pupil/student school records
8. Counsels and guides pupils/students
9. Supports activities of governmental and non- governmental organizations
10. Conducts Action Plan
11. Maintains Daily Routine (classroom cleanliness, classroom management, overall
physical classroom atmosphere
12. Maintains harmonious relationship with fellow teachers and other school personnel
as well as with parents and other stakeholders
13. Does related work

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