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Relation 2023

The document contains 30 problems related to relations and their properties like reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity and equivalence relations. The problems involve determining whether given relations satisfy certain properties, finding domains, ranges and equivalence classes of relations, and other relation concepts.

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55 views4 pages

Relation 2023

The document contains 30 problems related to relations and their properties like reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity and equivalence relations. The problems involve determining whether given relations satisfy certain properties, finding domains, ranges and equivalence classes of relations, and other relation concepts.

Uploaded by

workbeast24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By Anamika tyagi

HMC and
Ovin Tyagi
And
Assignment

1. Prove that a relation R on a set A is symmetric 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑅 = 𝑅−1

2. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by


R={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.

3. Let A= {1, 2, 3}. Then, show that the number of relation containing (1, 2) and (2, 3)
which are reflexive and transitive but not symmetric is three.

4. Check whether the relation R on R defined by R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,


symmetric or transitive.

5. Let S be the set of all points in a plane and R be a relation on S defined as R =


{(𝑃, 𝑄 ): 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠}.
Show that R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.

6. Show that the relation R on R defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏}, is reflexive and transitive
but not symmetric.

7. Let R be a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as


𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41}
Find the domain and range of R. Also, verify whether R is (i) reflexive, (ii) symmetric
(iii) transitive.

8. Each of the following defines a relation on N:


(i) 𝑥 > 𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 (ii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁

(iii) 𝑥𝑦 is square of an integer, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 (iv) 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁

Determine which of the above relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

9. Let A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 } and the relation R be defined on A as follows: R=


{(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑐 ), (𝑎, 𝑏)}. Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R
to make it reflexive and transitive.
10. Show that the relation is congruent to on the set of all triangles in a plane is an
equivalence relation.

11. Prove that the relation R on the set 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by


(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁
is an equivalence relation.
Also, find the equivalence classes [(2, 3)] and [(1, 3)].

12. Show that the relation R on the set A = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by R=


{(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4}is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all
elements related to 1 i.e. equivalence class [1].

13. Show that the relation R on the set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}, is an equivalence relation.
show that all the elements of {1,3,5} are related to each other and all the elements of
{2,4} are related to each other. But, no element of {1,3,5} is related to any element of
{2,4}.

14. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers numbers
defined by (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑥 − 𝑦 is divisible by n, is an equivalence relation on Z.

15. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ ad (b + c) = bc (a + d). check whether R is an equivalence relation on
𝑁 × 𝑁.

16. Let A = {1, 2, 3, … , 9} and R be the relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴 defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d


= b +c for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also
obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)].

17. Prove that the relation congruence modulo m on the set Z of all integers is an
equivalence relation.

18. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R =


{(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑠 (𝑎, 𝑏)}. Write the equivalence class [0].

19. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then 𝑅−1 is also an equivalence relation on A.


OR
The inverse of an equivalence relation is an equivalence relation.
20. Prove that the relation R on Z defined by
(a, b) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑎 − 𝑏 is divisible by 5
is an equivalence relation on Z.

21. Show that the relation R defined by R= {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 3; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍} is


an equivalence relation.

22. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R= {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 +
𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛} is an equivalence relation on Z.

23. State the reason for the relation R on the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} not to
be transitive.

24. Let R= {𝑎, 𝑎3 ): 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.

25. Let R be the equivalence relation on the set Z of integers given by R=


{(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏}. Write the equivalence class [0].

26. Write the domain of the relation R defined on the set Z of integers as follows:
(a, b) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 25

27. Write the identity relation on set A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }.

28. If R= {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} is a relation on N, then write the range of R.

29. Let R= {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 | < 1} be a relation on set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Write R as a set
of ordered pairs.

30. Let L be the set of all lines in XY-plane and R be the relation in L defined as R=
{(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 }. show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of
all lines related to the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4.

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