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Extended State Machine

The document discusses extended state machines, which augment finite state machines by adding variables. This allows modeling systems with a large number of states more concisely. An extended state machine uses variables that can be read, written, and modified during state transitions. The document provides an example of a stoplight controller modeled as an extended state machine, using a variable to track time spent in different states.

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madhurajeewantha7074
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34 views

Extended State Machine

The document discusses extended state machines, which augment finite state machines by adding variables. This allows modeling systems with a large number of states more concisely. An extended state machine uses variables that can be read, written, and modified during state transitions. The document provides an example of a stoplight controller modeled as an extended state machine, using a variable to track time spent in different states.

Uploaded by

madhurajeewantha7074
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Extended State Machines

CS 447– Wireless Embedded Systems


Outline

• Motivation
• Extended state machine
• Example

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January 25, 2018
Motivation

Notation for FSM gets unwieldy when number of states large


• E.g., garage counter
• M is small, easy to draw
• M is large, can be cumbersome

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Motivation

Extended state machine solves this problem


• Augments FSM model w/ variables

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Outline

• Motivation
• Extended state machine
• Example

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Extended State Machine

• Adds variables to FSM model


• Variables can be read / written during transitions
• E.g., garage counter

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Extended State Machine

• E.g., garage counter extended state machine


• Adds a variable: c
• Indicated in state machine
• NOT input or output

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Extended State Machine

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Aside: Mealy vs. Moore State Machines

Mealy
• Output determined by state + input
• Output occurs during transition

Moore
• Output determined by state only
• Output occurs within new state

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Extended State Machines

General notation:

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Extended State Machines

All variables must be declared (in addition to inputs, outputs)

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Extended State Machines

Variables initialized in initial transition

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Extended State Machines

Guard / action same as regular FSM, can also refer to variables

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Extended State Machines

Transitions have an additional line to modify variable

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Extended State Machines

Variable modified after guard evaluated and output produced


• Variable used in guard / output before it’s modified
• Similar to post increment (e.g., x = i++)

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Extended State Machines

More than one ”set action” is allowed for each transition


• Actions made in sequence (e.g., i++ , j--)

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Outline

• Motivation
• Extended state machine
• Example

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Example

Stop light with pedestrian button


• Time triggered state machine (1 Hz)
• 60 seconds in red then transitions to green
• Remains green until pedestrian present
• Must stay green for at least 60 seconds
• Transitions from green to “pending” if 60 seconds not done
• Transitions to yellow for 5 seconds
• Then red for 60 seconds…

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Example

States: red, green, pending, yellow


Variable: count: { 0, 1, …, 60 }
Inputs: pedestrian: pure
Outputs: sigR, sigG, sigY : pure

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Example

Start w/ states

green

red pending

yellow

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Example

Start w/ states

green

count = 0

red pending

yellow

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Example

Go from red to green? Yes, when count >= 60

count >= 60 / sigG green


count := 0

count = 0

red pending

yellow

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Example

Use default transition to update count in red state

count >= 60 / sigG green


count := 0

count = 0

red pending

count++

yellow

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Example

Use default transition to update count in red state

count >= 60 / sigG green


count := 0

count = 0

red pending

count++

yellow

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Example

Now you fill in the remaining transitions…

Stop light with pedestrian button


• Time triggered state machine (1 Hz)
• 60 seconds in red then transitions to green
• Remains green until pedestrian present
• Must stay green for at least 60 seconds
• Transitions from green to “pending” if 60 seconds not done
• Transitions to yellow for 5 seconds
• Then red for 60 seconds…

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Example

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