Kmeter

K-Meter
Free implementation of a K-System meter

according to Bob Katz’ specifications
Last edited on 17th April 2020

This documentation by Martin Zuther is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License with the exception of trademark logos.
VST is a trademark of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH,

registered in Europe and other countries.
Contents
1 The loudness race 6
2 The K-System 7
3 Installation 9
4 Controls 10
4.1 Meter selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 Averaging method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Infinite peak hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4 Show peak level meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5 Discrete segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.6 Magnify meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.7 Monitoring section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.7.1 Dim outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.7.2 Mute outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.7.3 Stereo flip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.7.4 Mono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.8 Reset button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.9 Select a skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.10 Validation button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.11 About button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.12 Display license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3
Contents
5 Meters 17
5.1 K-System meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2 Average level meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3 Peak level meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4 Overload counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5 Maximum true peak display . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.6 Maximum peak display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.7 Phase correlation meter . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.8 Stereo meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6 Validation 22
6.1 Validation status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.2 Frequency and phase response . . . . . . . . 24
7 Final words 29
A Build K-Meter 30
A.1 Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
A.1.1 premake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
A.1.2 Compilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.1.3 JUCE library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.1.4 Virtual Studio Technology SDK . . . . 32
A.1.5 Fastest Fourier Transform in the West 32
A.1.6 Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
A.1.7 Jinja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A.1.8 Artistic Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A.2 GNU/Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
A.2.1 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
A.2.2 Build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
A.3 Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A.3.1 Build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4
Contents
B Licenses 42
B.1 GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . 42
B.2 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5
1 The loudness race
When comparing two similar pieces of music, the louder
one is perceived as sounding better. This is only true for
very short periods of time and there is no evidence that
louder music sells better. Still, the loudness of music pro-
ductions has continuously grown during the last decades.
As maximum levels of records, tapes and digital media have
a natural limit, however, mastering engineers use sophist-
icated dynamic compression techniques to achieve higher
loudness without distorting the music. Unfortunately, they
have even started distorting the music and reducing its ste-
reo width to achieve even higher perceived loudness.
This decrease in dynamic range does not leave the music
unharmed. Current compressed music blasts away your
ears and makes you turn down the volume of your ampli-
fier. Having lowered the volume, you’ll find that the “better-
sounding” compressed music suddenly sounds very dull
and boring in comparison to music with less compression.
In contrast, music with high dynamic range makes you turn
up the volume – heck, it even sounds better when being
broadcast on the radio!
6
2 The K-System
The K-System has been devised by mastering engineer Bob
Katz in order to counteract the ongoing loudness race and
to help adjusting the levels of different songs during mas-
tering. K-System meters are level meters that do not place
the 0 dB mark on top of the meter. Instead, 0 dB on K-
System meters relates to a reference loudness. There are
three K-System scales:
• K-20 (0 dB at −20 dB FS, recommended)
• K-14 (0 dB at −14 dB FS)
• K-12 (0 dB at −12 dB FS)
Using the K-System is easy. Just calibrate your monitor sys-
tem so that pink noise (−20 dB FS RMS, 20 Hz to 20 kHz)
yields 83 dB SPL1 on each channel2 . Then mark the mon-
itor’s gain position as “K-20”. Jump to chapter 6 for inform-
ation on how to find a suitable audio file.
1
This level has to be adapted to room size. You can find recommen-
ded sound pressure levels for different room volumes in table 10.2
of ATSC Recommended Practice A/85:2013. To help you with con-
version, 35 cubic feet are roughly equivalent to 1 m3 .
2
Measure with all other channels muted. Be careful to take different
panning laws into consideration.
7
The K-System
When your mixes or masters seem to have just the right

loudness, they should now yield 0 dB on a K-20 meter.
In case you want to use the K-14 meter, attenuate the mon-
itor gain by 6 dB or repeat the above process so that pink
noise yields 77 dB SPL. For K-12, attenuate the monitor gain
by another 2 dB (pink noise should yield 75 dB SPL). Please
note, however, that this will lead to mixes and masters with
a lot of compression.
For more information about the K-System, please see Bob’s
website or his great book “Mastering Audio – The Art and
the Science (second edition)”.
8
3 Installation
In order to use the pre-compiled binaries, simply extract
the K-Meter files from the downloaded archive. For the
plug-ins, you’ll then have to move the extracted files to your
respective plug-in folder.
K-Meter requires a processor which supports the SSE2 in-
struction set. On Windows, you might also have to install
the Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2017.
Loading K-Meter may take a few seconds: it checks your
computer’s capabilities on start-up so that FFT calculations
will run at maximum speed. Be patient – this little wait
in the beginning may well result in lower resource usage
later.
Should the stand-alone version ever fail to start, you can
reset its settings by deleting the file K-Meter (Stereo)
.settings or K-Meter (Surround).settings. These files
are located in ~/.config (GNU/Linux) or %appdata%\.
config\ (Windows).
9
4 Controls
4.1 Meter selection
You can select the different K-System meter

scales (K-20, K-14 and K-12) by clicking on these
radio buttons. In the rare case that you want to
use the meter in a mixer’s channel strip, click the
Normal button which will place 0 dB FS on top of
the meter’s scale.
The Normal scale looks a little different. It
has been designed for gain staging during
recording: average levels should stay in the
lower green area (and thus below −18 dB FS),
while peak levels should not exceed the up-
per yellow bar (−10 dB FS). However, you may
find my latency-free plug-in traKmeter better
suited for gain staging.
10
Controls
4.2 Averaging method
The average level meters can either read un-

weighted levels (RMS) or loudness-weighted
levels according to ITU-R BS.1770-1 (ITU-R).
Click on the corresponding radio button to make
your selection.
According to Bob Katz, the unweighted RMS method has
been designed for stereophonic metering and calibration,
while the loudness-weighted ITU-R method should be used
for channel-summed loudness metering. To reference
a meter, state both K-System meter scale and averaging
method, separated by a slash, such as “K-20/ITU-R”.
Note: K-Meter fully implements Annex 1 of the now super-
seded ITU-R BS.1770-1 standard (’K’ frequency weighting,
mean square calculation and channel-weighted summa-
tion), whereas the gated loudness measurement specified in
ITU-R BS.1770-4 is not supported.
4.3 Infinite peak hold
Click on this button to toggle between infinite

peak hold and “falling peaks”. This setting applies
to both average and peak meters.
11
Controls
4.4 Show peak level meter
Click on this button to toggle display of the peak

level meters. The original K-System meter spe-
cification demands peak level meters, but Bob
Katz has asked me to hide them by default:
“Too many people will try to normalize the

peak to full scale if they see a peak meter, and
that’s what we want to avoid. You can still make
a K-System meter like the original, but if we meet
again in 15 years I hope that peak metering will
be outlawed.”
4.5 Discrete segments
This button switches between the discrete meters

that are used on analogue gear and the continu-
ous meters typically found in DAWs.
4.6 Magnify meters
This button magnifies both average and peak

level meters to 0.1 dB steps. If switched on, the
0 dB mark (or −22 dB mark when using the nor-
mal scale) is placed near the meter’s bottom.
12
Controls
4.7 Monitoring section
4.7.1 Dim outputs
Clicking on this button attenuates K-Meter’s out-

put level by −20 dB. Click again to restore the ori-
ginal loudness.
4.7.2 Mute outputs
Clicking on this button mutes K-Meter’s outputs.

Click again to restore the output signal. Simple
enough . . .
4.7.3 Stereo flip
Clicking this button will flip the left and right

channels. This is great to check if your ears or
your room are playing any tricks on you.
Note: This button does not work in the surround
version yet. I have an idea how to implement it, but I can’t
test it due to the lack of a surround system.
13
Controls
4.7.4 Mono
Click this button to check the mono compatibil-

ity of your stereo mix or master. The audio chan-
nels will be down-mixed to mono and the meters
will be linked.
Note: If you insert the stereo plug-in into a mono chan-
nel strip, the mono button will be selected and cannot be
toggled. In the surround version, this button is disabled.
4.8 Reset button
Click on this button to reset all meters. This ac-

tion will also reload the current skin and re-draw
everything.
4.9 Select a skin
Click on this button to select a new K-Meter skin.

You can also set a default skin that will be loaded
when new plug-in instances are started.
14
Controls
4.10 Validation button
Click on this button to open the validation win-

dow (see chapter 6) which allows you to play an
audio file through K-Meter and dump internal
data. During validation, the button will light up
and clicking on it will stop validation early.
On Linux, dumped data will be written to stderr, so just
start the K-Meter stand-alone or your plug-in host from the
shell and watch the output coming. On Windows, you can
use DebugView by Sysinternals (stand-alone) or have a look
at Ableton Live’s log files (plug-in). If none of that works,
you might have to start either the stand-alone or your plug-
in host from a debugger.
As a side note, SMA(50) designates the simple moving aver-
age of 50 values, a neat way to emphasise trends and elim-
inate short-term fluctuations.
4.11 About button
Clicking on this button will open the about win-

dow where you will be informed about version
number, contributors, copyright and the GNU
General Public License.
15
Controls
4.12 Display license
This button is located in the about window and

does not only advertise that you are using free
software licensed under the GNU General Pub-
lic License – when clicked, it will also open the
license’s website in your web browser . . .
16
5 Meters
In accordance with ITU-R BR.779-2 and BS.1738, K-Meter
assumes a 5.1 surround channel order of L, R, C, LFE, Ls and
Rs. Please double-check whether this matches your host’s
channel order!
5.1 K-System meter
The K-System meter consists of an average

level meter (coloured bar) and an optional
peak level meter (single coloured segment).
The recommended K-20 scale has 20 dB of
headroom above 0 dB, while the K-14 and K-
12 scales have 14 dB and 12 dB of headroom,
respectively.
The discrete level meters are divided into steps
of 1 dB, with the exception of the top 2 dB
(steps of 0.5 dB) and the non-linear bottom
end. Magnified discrete level meters are di-
vided into steps of 0.1 dB.
17
Meters
Note: In ITU-R mode, the average level meter is graded in LK

which stands for Loudness, K weighted and is by all means
equivalent to dB.
Recent maximum levels are displayed by white bars or rect-
angles. Unless “Infinite peak hold” is switched on, max-
imum levels are held for 10 s and then start falling with a
fall time of 8.67 dB/s.
Both stand-alone application and the plug-in only work at
sampling rates between 44.1 kHz and 192 kHz and intro-
duce a latency of 1024 samples. This latency is reported
to your plug-in host so it may compensate for the intro-
duced delay. Needless to say, the original unfiltered signal
is passed to the outputs.
You can reset all meters by clicking on the “Reset” button.
5.2 Average level meter
The average level meter uses an averaging period of 1024

samples. In RMS mode, this meter exhibits a flat frequency
response between 20 Hz and 20 kHz (±0.01 dB), whereas
ITU-R mode implements ’K’ frequency weighting and also
sums all channels as specified in ITU-R BS.1770-1.
In all modes, the average level meter is band-limited using
a windowed-sinc low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of
21.0 kHz. On level changes, it takes 600 ms for the meter to
reach 99 % of the final reading.
18
Meters
Note: Unfortunately, the specifications of ITU-R BS.1770-1

clash with those for K-System meters. I have discussed this
in depth with Bob Katz and we decided that it makes more
sense to adhere to ITU-R BS.1770-1 in these cases.
Thus, in ITU-R mode sine waves do not read the same
on average and peak level meters. Moreover, pink noise
(−20 dB FS RMS, 20 Hz to 20 kHz) does not read 0 dB on the
K-20 average level meter. So for calibration, please switch
K-Meter to RMS mode!
5.3 Peak level meter
The peak level meter displays the unfiltered sample peak

level and thus possesses a completely flat frequency re-
sponse. It has a rise time of one sample and a fall time of
8.67 dB/s.
5.4 Overload counter
The overload counter displays the number

of samples that have reached or exceeded
digital full scale (to be exact, the counter re-
gisters levels above −0.001 dB FS to address the granularity
of 16-bit floating-point numbers).
Please note that this counter does not register inter-sample
peaks.
19
Meters
5.5 Maximum true peak display
This meter displays the maximum inter-

sample peak level encountered so far in dB.
True peak level is measured according to
Annex 2 of ITU-R BS.1770-4.
In case the true peak level exceeds −0.20 dB FS, the meter
will turn blue. The meter has an expected under-read of
0.17 dB at half the original sampling rate. So you should
be able to avoid clipping during digital-to-analogue-
conversion by keeping the meter out of the blue.
5.6 Maximum peak display
This meter displays the maximum sample

peak level encountered so far in dB. In case
the level exceeds −0.2 dB FS, the meter will
turn red.
5.7 Phase correlation meter
This meter only works for stereo channels

and displays the cross correlation between
left and right channel. Cross correlation is a measure of how
much two signals are correlated. Thus, a value of +1 means
20
Meters
that both channels are in phase, whereas a value of −1 sig-

nals that the channels are completely out of phase. Please
note that the meter’s scale is not linear!
For the non-tech savvy musician: if you find that this meter
hits the red area, you should check the mono-compatibility
of your mix. But although phase correlation meters of-
ten prove helpful, you cannot always rely on their readout.
The only way to make sure that your mixes are mono-
compatible is to actually listen to them in mono.
That’s a universal truth, by the way. Do not mix by your eyes,
mix by your ears!
5.8 Stereo meter
The stereo meter obviously only works for

stereo channels and displays the average
stereo position of your mix. It may indicate a bias to one
stereo channel that you might have overheard due to im-
paired hearing, wrong placement of your monitors or sim-
ilar problems.
But please don’t get the false notion that the needle should
stay in the middle all the time in order to achieve a good
mix. Quite the contrary! As I said before, you should not
mix by your eyes . . .
21
6 Validation
I have gone to great lengths to ensure that all meters read
correctly. You want to validate for yourself? Just download
and extract the source code. The directory validation con-
tains instructions and FLAC-compressed wave files. To val-
idate ITU-R mode, please download ITU-R BS.2217-1 and
follow the instructions (ignore the tests for loudness gat-
ing). A word of warning: these audio files may damage your
ears and speakers, so please watch your monitor levels!
Begin by starting K-Meter. If in a Bash shell, try this:
32 and 64 bit
./kmeter_stereo 2>&1 | tee /tmp/validate.log
After opening the validation window (see

section 4.10), click on the ellipsis button
(the one with the dots) to select an audio
file for playback through K-Meter.
Now, select which variables (if any) should
be dumped. You may also restrict dumped
data to a specific audio channel. Check
CSV if you want to feed the output to a
parser.
22
Validation
Finally, click on the validate button to reset all meters and

start playback of the selected audio file. All audio input will
be discarded during playback and for an additional twenty
seconds. To stop playback early, simply click on the valid-
ate button again.
Should the sample rates of your host (Host SR) and the au-
dio file not match, you will get a warning and validation will
stop. This will keep you from getting incorrect results.
In case you want to calibrate your monitor system, loc-
ate the file pink_noise_bandlimited.flac in the directory
validation, set K-Meter to RMS mode and click on the val-
idate button. Please ensure that all intermediate software
and hardware mixers are set to the correct levels.
23
Validation
6.1 Validation status

Readout RMS ITU-R
Avg level meter meter ballistics ! —
readings ! —
frequency response ! !
pink noise ! —
ITU-R BS.2217-1 — !
Peak level meter meter ballistics ! !
readings ! !
Maximum peak readings ! !
Max. true peak EBU Tech 3341 ! !
Overload counter readings ! !
Phase correlation readings ! !
Stereo meter readings ! !
6.2 Frequency and phase response
Frequency and phase response have been determined us-

ing Christan Budde’s great Plugin Analyser with a sample
rate of 192 kHz and a log sine sweep as input signal (set us-
ing Ctrl-Shift-F).
24
Validation
Frequency response of complete effect path (5 Hz to

96 kHz, 0 dB ±0.1 dB):
Phase response of complete effect path (5 Hz to 96 kHz,

0◦ ±0.1◦ ):
25
Validation
Frequency response of band-limited RMS detection stage

(5 Hz to 96 kHz, −140 dB to 5 dB):
Phase response of band-limited RMS detection stage (5 Hz

to 96 kHz, −180◦ to +180◦ ):
26
Validation
Frequency response of band-limited ITU-R BS.1770-1 de-

tection stage (5 Hz to 96 kHz, −140 dB to 5 dB):
Phase response of band-limited ITU-R BS.1770-1 detec-

tion stage (5 Hz to 96 kHz, −180◦ to +180◦ ):
27
Validation
Frequency response of band-limited RMS detection stage

(5 Hz to 96 kHz, 0 dB ±4 dB):
Frequency response of band-limited ITU-R BS.1770-1 de-

tection stage (5 Hz to 96 kHz, 0 dB ±4 dB):
28
7 Final words
I want to express my gratitude to Bob Katz for kindly an-
swering all of my questions regarding the K-System meter
and checking this document for technical errors. I’d fur-
ther like to thank Tod Gentille for creating the Mac binar-
ies, bram@smartelectronix for his code to calculate logar-
ithmic rise and fall times, and Raiden for working out the
ITU-R BS.1770-1 filter specifications. David Tkaczuk sug-
gested some great improvements. I must also thank the
beta testers and users of K-Meter for sending kind words,
suggestions and bug reports. Finally, I want to thank the
open source community for making all of this possible.
Although coding K-Meter has been a lot of fun, it has also
been a lot of work. So if you like K-Meter, why not send me
an email and tell me so? Write a few words about yourself,
send suggestions for future updates or volunteer to create a
nice skin. I also really enjoy listening to music that you have
produced using my software . . .
Thanks for using free software. I hope you’ll enjoy it!
29
A Build K-Meter
A.1 Dependencies
A.1.1 premake
Importance: required
Version: 5.0.0 (alpha14)
License: BSD
Homepage: premake.github.io
Installation
Place the binary somewhere in your PATH. Depending on

your platform, you should run premake using the scripts
Builds/run_premake.sh or Builds/run_premake.bat.
To change the premake file using Jinja templates, you’ll also
have to install the necessary dependencies.
30
Build K-Meter
A.1.2 Compilers
Linux: Clang 6.0 (or gcc 7.5.0)
Windows: Visual Studio 2017
License: proprietary (Visual Studio) / Open Source
Use premake (section A.1.1) to generate the Make files (or

project) files needed by different compilers.
Different compiler versions may work, and premake sup-
ports other compiler tool sets as well. But in this case, you’re
on your own!
A.1.3 JUCE library
Version: 5.4.7
License: ISC and GPL v3 (among others)
Homepage: www.juce.com
Installation
Extract the archive into the directory libraries/juce.
31
Build K-Meter
A.1.4 Virtual Studio Technology SDK
Importance: optional
Version: 2.4 / 3.6.14
License: proprietary / GPL v3
Homepage: www.steinberg.net
Installation
Extract the archives into the directories libraries/vst2

and libraries/vst3. The proprietary VST2 SDK is not
available anymore. You may only distribute VST2 plug-ins
if you have signed the old license agreement!
A.1.5 Fastest Fourier Transform in the West
Version: 3.3.5
License: GPL v2
Homepage: www.fftw.org
Installation on GNU/Linux
Extract the archive into the directory libraries/fftw,

change into this directory and run:
32
Build K-Meter
32 bit
./configure --enable-float --with-pic \
--enable-sse2 --enable-avx
make
mkdir -p bin/linux/i386/
mv .libs/* bin/linux/i386/
make clean
64 bit
make
mkdir -p bin/linux/amd64/
mv .libs/* bin/linux/amd64/
make clean
Installation on Mac OS X
Extract the archive into the directory libraries/fftw,

change into this directory and run:
32 bit
make
mkdir -p bin/mac/x32/
mv .libs/* bin/mac/x32/
make clean
33
Build K-Meter
64 bit
make
mkdir -p bin/mac/x64/
mv .libs/* bin/mac/x64/
make clean
Installation on Microsoft Windows
Extract the source code archive into the directory

libraries/fftw and the archive containing the pre-
compiled binaries into the directory libraries/fftw/
bin.
Please note that in order to run K-Meter on Windows, the
directory kmeter containing the FFTW libraries (and skins)
must be located in the same directory as the stand-alone or
plug-in. To make things a little easier for you, I have already
placed this directory in bin.
A.1.6 Python
Version: 3.6 (or higher)
License: Python Software Foundation License
Homepage: www.python.org
34
Build K-Meter
You’ll only need Python if you want to auto-generate files

from Jinja templates.
Installation (Windows)
You can download an installer from the website.
A.1.7 Jinja
Version: 2.10 (or higher)
License: BSD
Homepage: jinja.pocoo.org
You’ll only need Jinja if you want to auto-generate files such

as the premake file from templates (see section A.1.1).
A.1.8 Artistic Style
Version: 3.1
License: LGPL v3
Homepage: astyle.sourceforge.net
This application formats the code so it looks more beautiful

and consistent. Thus, you only have to install it if you plan
to help me with coding K-Meter.
35
Build K-Meter
Installation
Place the binary somewhere in your PATH. Depending on

your platform, you should run astyle using the scripts
Source/format_code.sh or Source/format_code.bat.
36
Build K-Meter
A.2 GNU/Linux
A.2.1 Environment
To build K-Meter yourself, I recommend setting up a chroot

environment. This is fast and easy to do on Debian-based
systems and might save you a lot of trouble. At the time of
writing, I’m using Linux Mint 19, but the procedure should
be similar on your distribution of choice.
Start by installing the necessary packages:
32 and 64 bit
sudo apt-get install debootstrap schroot
Then install the chroot base system by executing the fol-

lowing statements:
32 bit
sudo debootstrap --variant=buildd \
--arch i386 bionic \
/srv/chroot/bionic_i386 \
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
64 bit
sudo debootstrap --variant=buildd \
--arch amd64 bionic \
/srv/chroot/bionic_amd64 \
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
37
Build K-Meter
Running debootstrap will take some time. Meanwhile, add

the following lines to /etc/schroot/schroot.conf (make
sure you remove all preceding white space so that each line
begins in the first column):
32 and 64 bit
[bionic-i386]
description=Ubuntu bionic (i386)
directory=/srv/chroot/bionic_i386
profile=default
personality=linux32
type=directory
users=username
[bionic-amd64]
description=Ubuntu bionic (amd64)
directory=/srv/chroot/bionic_amd64
profile=default
personality=linux
type=directory
users=username
Please make the necessary changes to username. If you ex-

perience problems, you can try to change bionic to a re-
lease name such as wheezy.
When debootstrap is done, log in as superuser:
32 bit
sudo schroot -c bionic-i386
38
Build K-Meter
64 bit
sudo schroot -c bionic-amd64
You’ll have to change the file /etc/apt/sources.list first

(ignore the line break, it should be a single line):
32 and 64 bit
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic
main restricted universe
Now install a few packages – less and vim are optional, but
might come in handy:
32 and 64 bit
apt-get update
apt-get -y install bash-completion clang \
libasound2-dev libjack-jackd2-dev \
mesa-common-dev xorg-dev less vim
apt-get clean
If you like bash completion, you might also want to open

the file /etc/bash.bashrc and unquote these lines:
32 and 64 bit
# enable bash completion in interactive shells
if [...]
[a couple of lines...]
fi
Finally, log out and log in as normal user:
39
Build K-Meter
32 bit
schroot -c bionic-i386
64 bit
schroot -c bionic-amd64
In this chroot shell, install the dependencies (section A.1).

Congratulations – you are now ready to build K-Meter!
A.2.2 Build
After preparing the dependencies, start your chroot envir-

onment
32 bit
schroot -c bionic-i386
64 bit
schroot -c bionic-amd64
change into the directory build and execute

32 and 64 bit
./run_premake.sh
make config=CFG TARGET
where CFG is one of debug x32, debug x64, release x32 and
release x64, and TARGET is the version you want to compile,
such as linux standalone stereo.
40
Build K-Meter
In case you run into problems, you can try to switch com-
pilers by opening the file run premake.sh and using the pre-
make options --cc=clang or --cc=gcc.
The compiled binaries will end up in the directory bin.
A.3 Microsoft Windows
A.3.1 Build
After preparing the dependencies, change into the direct-

ory build and execute
32 and 64 bit
./run_premake.bat
Then change into the directory Builds/windows/vs20xx,

open the project file with the corresponding version of
Visual C++ and build the project.
The compiled binaries will end up in the directory bin.
41
B Licenses
B.1 GNU General Public License
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for

software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not

price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you

these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
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certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if

you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether

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or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’ and
authors’ sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
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Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run

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Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.

States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and

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TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of

works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this

License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based

on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without

permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other

parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"

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the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
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for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
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The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other

than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
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The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
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work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
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programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
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The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users

can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that

same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
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the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under

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3. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological

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11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
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You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you
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keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to

produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
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it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is

released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this

License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
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regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display

Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
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work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent

works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product

(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product

(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
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model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the

written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated

place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
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Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided

you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded

from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any

tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
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is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
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commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent

the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,

procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a

requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,

in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this

License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
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When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you

add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the

terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or

author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or

requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or

authors of the material; or
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trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
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material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further

restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
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must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the

additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the

form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
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You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly

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this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
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However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your

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provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is

reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or

run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
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10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically

receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
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for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an

organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this

License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor’s "contributor version".
A contributor’s "essential patent claims" are all patent claims

owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free

patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
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In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express

agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
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party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,

and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or

arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within

the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may

otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or

otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have

permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the

Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future

versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
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Later license versions may give you additional or different

permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY

APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING

WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided

above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest

possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
55
Licenses
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest

to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

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along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short

notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>

This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
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Kmeter

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K-Meter

Free implementation of a K-System meter

Last edited on 17th April 2020

VST is a trademark of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH,

When your mixes or masters seem to have just the right

4.1 Meter selection

You can select the different K-System meter

4.2 Averaging method

The average level meters can either read un-

4.3 Infinite peak hold

Click on this button to toggle between infinite

4.4 Show peak level meter

Click on this button to toggle display of the peak

“Too many people will try to normalize the

4.5 Discrete segments

This button switches between the discrete meters

4.6 Magnify meters

This button magnifies both average and peak

4.7 Monitoring section

4.7.1 Dim outputs

Clicking on this button attenuates K-Meter’s out-

4.7.2 Mute outputs

Clicking on this button mutes K-Meter’s outputs.

4.7.3 Stereo flip

Clicking this button will flip the left and right

Click this button to check the mono compatibil-

4.8 Reset button

Click on this button to reset all meters. This ac-

4.9 Select a skin

Click on this button to select a new K-Meter skin.

4.10 Validation button

Click on this button to open the validation win-

4.11 About button

Clicking on this button will open the about win-

4.12 Display license

This button is located in the about window and

5.1 K-System meter

The K-System meter consists of an average

Note: In ITU-R mode, the average level meter is graded in LK

5.2 Average level meter

The average level meter uses an averaging period of 1024

Note: Unfortunately, the specifications of ITU-R BS.1770-1

5.3 Peak level meter

The peak level meter displays the unfiltered sample peak

5.4 Overload counter

The overload counter displays the number

5.5 Maximum true peak display

This meter displays the maximum inter-

5.6 Maximum peak display

This meter displays the maximum sample

5.7 Phase correlation meter

This meter only works for stereo channels

that both channels are in phase, whereas a value of −1 sig-

5.8 Stereo meter

The stereo meter obviously only works for

After opening the validation window (see

Finally, click on the validate button to reset all meters and

6.1 Validation status