February 14, 2021: Problem Set

Solution

ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY

[A1] If 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5, find the value of 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 .
Answer: −𝟐
Solution:
Square both sides, (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 42
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 16 , but 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5
5 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 16

𝑥𝑦 = −11⁄2

Factoring, 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 :
𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
11
Thus, 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (4) (5 − )
2

𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = −2

1 1 1
[A2] Evaluate: 𝐸 = (1 − 22 ) (1 − 32 ) … (1 − 1002 ).
𝟏𝟎𝟏
Answer: 𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏

Solution:
1 1 1 𝑛+1
(1 − 2
) (1 − 2 ) … (1 − 2 ) =
2 3 𝑛 2𝑛
N=100
1 1 1 100+1 101
Therefore, 𝐸 = (1 − 22 ) (1 − 32 ) … (1 − 1002 ) = 2(100) = 200

[A3] Suppose 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive numbers satisfying the equation:

𝑎 + 2√𝑎𝑏 + √𝑎 + √𝑏 + 𝑏 = 6

√𝑎+√𝑏+2019
Find the value of .
3−√𝑎−√𝑏

Answer: 2021
Solution:

Let 𝑥 = √𝑎 and 𝑦 = √𝑏

Therefore, 𝑎 + 2√𝑎𝑏 + √𝑎 + √𝑏 + 𝑏 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 6

Factoring 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 :
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)
=(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)
 Thus, 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 6
Factors of 6 are 3 & 2.
By inspection, (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2 & (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 3.

√𝑎 + √𝑏 + 2019 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2019 2 + 2019

= = = 2021
3 − √𝑎 − √𝑏 3 − (𝑥 + 𝑦) 3−2

[A4] A function 𝑓(𝑥)satisfies

(2 − 𝑥)𝑓(𝑥) − 2𝑓(3 − 𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 18

for all real numbers 𝑥. Solve for 𝑓(0).

Answer: 𝟏

Solution:

If 𝑥 = 0, (2 − 0)𝑓(0) − 2𝑓(3 − 0) = −02 + 5(0) − 18

2𝑓(0) − 2𝑓(3) = −18

𝑓(0) − 𝑓(3) = −9

If 𝑥 = 3, (2 − 3)𝑓(3) − 2𝑓(3 − 3) = −32 + 5(3) − 18

−𝑓(3) − 2𝑓(0) = −12

𝑓(3) + 2𝑓(0) = 12

Let 𝑎 = 𝑓(0) and 𝑎 = 𝑓(3):

Therefore, 𝑓(0) − 𝑓(3) = 𝑎 − 𝑏 = −9
𝑓(3) + 2𝑓(0) = 𝑏 + 2𝑎 = 12.
Solving simultaneously: 𝑎 = 𝑓(0) = 1

[A5] If tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦 = 5 and tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 10, find 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑦.

Answer: 96
Solution:
tan 𝑥+tan 𝑦
tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 1−tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 = 10

but tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦 = 5

5
= 10
1−tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦

5 1
1 − tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 = 10 = 2
1
Therefore, tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 = 2

Squaring both sides,

1
tan2 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 + tan2 𝑦 = 25, but tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 = 2
 Therefore, tan2 𝑥 + tan2 𝑦 = 24

1 1 tan2 𝑥+tan2 𝑦 tan2 𝑥+tan2 𝑦 24

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑦 = tan2 𝑥 + tan2 𝑦 = (tan2 𝑥) (tan2 𝑦) = (tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦)2
= 1 2 = 96
( ⁄2)

1
[A6] If tan 𝜃 = 3 and 𝑃(𝜃) ∈ 𝑄𝐼𝐼𝐼, find cos 𝜃.

𝟑√𝟏𝟎
Answer: − = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 1
𝟏𝟎

Solution: 𝜃
3

Hypotenuse= √12 + 32 = √10

Since 𝑃(𝜃) ∈ 𝑄𝐼𝐼𝐼, cos 𝜃 is negative.

3 3√10
Thus, cos 𝜃 = − =− = −0.95
√10 10
GEOMETRY
[G1] If the number of sides of a regular polygon is decreased from 12 to 8, by how much does the
measure of each its interior angles decreases?
Answer: 𝟏𝟓°
Solution:
(𝑛−2)(180°)
Measure of each interior angle of a 𝑛-sided polygon is given by: 𝑛

(12−2)(180°) (8−2)(180°)
Therefore, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 = − = 15°
12 8

[G2] If three circles of radius 1 are mutually tangent as shown, what is the area of the gap they
enclose?
𝝅
Answer: √𝟑 − 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Solution:

𝑠2 √3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠 = 4
60°
1 1 22 √3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ = = √3
4

𝜋
𝑟 2 𝜃𝑟 (12 )(60°𝑥 ) 𝜋
180°
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = =
2 2 6

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ − (3 ∗ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝜋 𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = √3 − 3 ( ) = √3 − = 0.16 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
6 2

[G3] In the figure shown, four semi-circles are drawn inside a square with side length 𝑥, and a portion
of the drawing is shaded in. Determine the ratio of the shaded area to the area of square.
(𝝅−𝟐)
Answer: = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕
𝟐

Solution:
A

C
B

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

 𝑥 2 π 𝑥 𝑥 𝜋 1 𝜋−2
(2) (90° ∗ 180°) (2) (2) 𝑥 2 ( 8 − 4) 𝑥 2 ( 8 ) 𝑥 2 (𝜋 − 2)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 = − = = =
2 2 2 2 16
𝑥 2 (𝜋 − 2) 𝑥 2 (𝜋 − 2)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 8 ∗ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 8 ∗ =
16 2
𝑥2 (𝜋 − 2)
2 (𝜋 − 2)
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = = 0.57
𝑥2 2

[G4] In ABC is a quadrant of a circle of radius 14 cm and a semicircle is drawn with BC. as diameter.
Find the area of the shade region.

Answer: 𝟗𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐
Solution

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎∆ − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒

𝜋(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟)2 (𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐶) 𝜋(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = + −
8 2 4

𝜋(14√2)2 (14)(14) 𝜋(14)2

14 cm 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = + −
8 2 4

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 98 𝑐𝑚2

14 cm

[G5] A circle passes through two adjacent vertices of a square and is tangent to one side of the square.
If the side length of the square is 𝑎, and 𝑎 is a numerical value, what is the radius of the circle?
𝟓𝒂
Answer: 𝟖

Solution:

𝑎⁄ 2 4𝑟 2 −𝑎2 √4𝑟 2 −𝑎2

2 𝑥 = √𝑟 2 − 𝐴𝐸 2 = √𝑟 2 − (𝑎⁄2) = √ =
4 2
𝑥
√4𝑟 2 −𝑎2
𝐸𝐹 = 𝑂𝐹 + 𝑥 = 𝑟 + =𝑎
2
𝑎 𝑎
√4𝑟 2 −𝑎2
𝑟+ =𝑎
2
2
(√4𝑟 2 − 𝑎2 ) = [2(𝑎 − 𝑟)]2

4𝑟 2 − 𝑎2 = 4(𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑟 + 𝑟 2 )
4𝑟 2 − 𝑎2 = 4𝑎2 − 8𝑎𝑟 + 4𝑟 2
8𝑎𝑟 = 5𝑎2
 8𝑎𝑟 5𝑎2
=
8𝑎 8𝑎
5𝑎
𝑟= 8

[G6] Three semicircles each of diameter 3 cm, a circle of diameter 4.5 cm and a semicircle of radius
4.5 cm are drawn in a given figure. Find the area of the shaded region.
𝟔𝟑𝝅
Answer: = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟔

Solution:
𝜋 9 2 𝜋 3 2 𝜋 3 2 𝜋 9 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = [ 2 (2) + 2 (2) ] − 2 [ 2 (2) ] − [ 4 (2) ]

45𝜋 9𝜋 81𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = − −
4 4 16
4.5 𝑐𝑚 63𝜋
⬚ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 12.37 𝑐𝑚2
16

[G7] Two circles of radius 4 are centered at (4,0) and (0,4). What is the area of the intersection of the
interiors of the 2 circles?
Answer: (𝟖𝝅 − 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟑 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
Solution:
(0,8) (𝑟)2 (𝜃)𝑟 𝐴𝑂∗𝐷𝑂
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 2 [ −( )]
2 2
𝜋
(4)2 (90°∗ ) 4∗4
180°
(0,4)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2 [ −( )]
2 2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2[4𝜋 − 8] = (8𝜋 − 16) = 9.13 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

(4,0) (8,0)

[G8] Let ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 be equilateral and let 𝐷, 𝐸, and 𝐹 be points on sides 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴, and 𝐴𝐵, respectively with
𝐹𝐴 = 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷 = 6. Determine 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 in degrees
Answer: 𝟔𝟎°
Solution:
𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 𝜃

By inspection:

6 Since ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle, also 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐷𝐹 = 6.

𝜃
6 Therefore, 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 60°
6 6

6 6
D
CALCULUS
[C1] If lim [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 1 and lim [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 3, find lim [𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] provided that lim [𝑓(𝑥)]
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
and lim [𝑔(𝑥)] both exist.
𝑥→𝑎

Answer: −𝟐
Solution:
Let 𝑎 = lim [𝑓(𝑥)] and 𝑏 = lim [𝑔(𝑥)]
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim [𝑓(𝑥)] + lim [𝑔(𝑥)]

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1

𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim [𝑓(𝑥)] − lim [𝑔(𝑥)]

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 3

𝑥→𝑎

Solving simultaneously, 𝑎 = lim [𝑓(𝑥)] = 2 and 𝑏 = lim [𝑔(𝑥)] = −1

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = lim [𝑓(𝑥)] ∗ lim [𝑔(𝑥)]

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

lim [𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = (2)(−1) = −2

𝑥→𝑎

1
[C2] Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
𝑒 𝑥 +1

Answer: 𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧|𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝒄
Solution:
1 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥 + 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑥 + 1
Grouping,
1 𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 𝑒 +1 𝑒 +1
1 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑥 + 1
𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + 𝑐
𝑒 +1

[C3] A poster is to contain 300 𝑐𝑚2 of printed matter with margins of 10 𝑐𝑚 at the top and bottom
and 5 𝑐𝑚 at the side. Find the overall dimensions if the total area of the poster is minimum.

Answer: (𝟓√𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎)𝒄𝒎 𝒃𝒚 (𝟏𝟎√𝟔 + 𝟐𝟎)𝒄𝒎 or 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝒃𝒚 𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟗 𝒄𝒎

Solution:
Let x=width and y=height of the printed matter.
𝑥𝑦 = 300
 300
𝑦=
𝑥
Area of the poster to be minimized is given by:
𝐴 = (𝑥 + 10)(𝑦 + 20)
300
𝐴 = (𝑥 + 10)( + 20)
𝑥
3000
𝐴 = 300 + 20𝑥 + + 200
𝑥
Differentiating,
3000
𝐴′ = 20 − =0
𝑥2
𝑥 = 5√6
300
𝑦= = 10√6
5√6

therefore, the dimension is (5√6 + 10)𝑐𝑚 𝑏𝑦 (10√6 + 20)𝑐𝑚 or 22.25 𝑐𝑚 𝑏𝑦 44.49 𝑐𝑚

[C4] Find the integral of

2 4 1

∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
0 0 0

Answer: 𝟖
Solution:
2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4
𝑦2 1
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫(𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧) ( )| = ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
2 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 4 1 2 4 2
1 𝑥2
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = ∫(𝑑𝑧) ( )| = 4 ∫(𝑑𝑧)
2 2 0
0 0 0 0 0
2 4 1

∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = 4(𝑧)|20 = 4(2) = 8
0 0 0
 𝑑𝑥
[C5] Find ∫ 3 .
√𝑥 +√𝑥
𝟑 𝟔 𝟔
Answer: 𝟐√𝒙 − 𝟑 √𝒙 + 𝟔 √𝒙 − 𝟔 𝐥𝐧|𝟏 + √𝒙| + 𝑪

Solution:
1⁄
Let 𝑢=𝑥 6,

1 −5⁄
𝑑𝑢 = 6 (𝑥 6 ) 𝑑𝑥

5
𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑥 6 𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
∫3 =∫ 2
√𝑥 + √𝑥 (𝑢 + 𝑢 3 )

6𝑢5 2
6𝑢2
= 6𝑢 − 6𝑢 + 6 − 2
(𝑢2 + 𝑢3 ) (𝑢 + 𝑢3 )
6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 2
6𝑢2
∫ 2 = ∫ [6𝑢 − 6𝑢 + 6 − 2 ] 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢 + 𝑢3 ) (𝑢 + 𝑢3 )

6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 𝑢3 𝑢2 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
∫ = 6 ( ) − 6 ( ) + 6𝑢 − 6 ∫
(𝑢2 + 𝑢3 ) 3 2 (𝑢2 + 𝑢3 )

𝑢2 𝑢2 1
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔, = =
(𝑢2 + 𝑢3 ) 𝑢2 (1 + 𝑢) 1 + 𝑢

6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 𝑢3 𝑢2 1𝑑𝑢
∫ 2 3
= 6 ( ) − 6 ( ) + 6𝑢 − 6 ∫
(𝑢 + 𝑢 ) 3 2 1+𝑢

6𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 𝑢3 𝑢2
∫ 2 = 6 ( ) − 6 ( ) + 6𝑢 − 6 ln|1 + 𝑢| + 𝐶
(𝑢 + 𝑢3 ) 3 2

1⁄
But 𝑢 = 𝑥 6,

Therefore,
𝑑𝑥 3 6 6
∫3 = 2√𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 + 6 √𝑥 − 6 ln|1 + √𝑥| + 𝐶
√𝑥 + √𝑥

3 6
𝑥+ √𝑥 2 + √𝑥
[C6] Find ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑥( √𝑥 +1)
𝟑 𝟑
𝟔 √ 𝒙𝟐 √𝒙
Answer:
𝟔
+ − 𝟔𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( √𝒙) + 𝑪
𝟒 𝟐

Solution:
Let 𝑥 = 𝑢6 .
 5
𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + √𝑥
6
𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 5
∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 6 2 ( 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢)
𝑥( √𝑥 + 1) 𝑢 (𝑢 + 1 )

𝑢6 +𝑢4 +𝑢
Simplifying, 𝑢6(𝑢2+1)

𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 𝑢6 𝑢4 𝑢
= + +
𝑢6 (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢6 (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢6 (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢6 (𝑢2 + 1)
𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 1 1 1
= + +
𝑢6 (𝑢2 + 1) (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢2 (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢5 (𝑢2 + 1)

𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 5 6𝑢5 6𝑢5 6𝑢5

∫ 6 2 ( 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢) = ∫ [ 2 + + ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1) 𝑢2 (𝑢2 + 1) 𝑢5 (𝑢2 + 1)

𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 5 6𝑢5 6𝑢3 6
∫ 6 2 ( 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢) = ∫ [ 2 + 2 + 2 ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 )

𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 6∫ 2 + 6∫ 2 + 6∫ 2
(𝑢 + 1) (𝑢 + 1) (𝑢 + 1)

𝑢5 𝑢 𝑢3 𝑢
Note: (𝑢2+1) = 𝑢3 + 𝑢 − (𝑢2+1) and (𝑢2 +1)
= 𝑢 − (𝑢2+1)

𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 5 𝑢 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∫ 6 2
( 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢) = 6 ∫ [𝑢3 + 𝑢 − 2 ] 𝑑𝑢 + 6 ∫ [𝑢 − 2 ] 𝑑𝑢 + 6 ∫ 2
𝑢 (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 ) (𝑢 + 1 )

𝑢4 𝑢2 𝑢2
= 6 [ + − arctan (𝑢)] + 6 [ − arctan (𝑢)] + 6[arctan (𝑢)] + 𝐶
4 2 2

𝑢6 + 𝑢4 + 𝑢 5 6𝑢4 12𝑢2
∫ 6 2 ( 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢) == + − 6arctan (𝑢) + 𝐶
𝑢 (𝑢 + 1 ) 4 2
4⁄ 1⁄
But, 𝑥 = 𝑢6 , then 𝑥 6 = 𝑢4 and 𝑥 3 = 𝑢2 .
Therefore,
2 1
6𝑥 ⁄3 𝑥 ⁄3
3 6
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + − 6arctan (𝑥 ⁄6 ) + 𝐶
3
𝑥( √𝑥 + 1) 4 2
3 6 3 3
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 6 √𝑥 2 √𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + − 6arctan ( 6√𝑥) + 𝐶
3
𝑥( √𝑥 + 1) 4 2