Mathematical System 2. A line is represented by a small dot.

3. Mathematical system usually represented by

Euclid is known as the “Father of Geometry”.
He composed five postulates that are used as the a flat surface.
foundation for the wide-spread proofs in Geometry. 4. Rene Des Cartes is the father of Geometry.
They are as follows: 5. Tip of a pen models a plane.

1. A straight line may be drawn at any two points.

Based on definitions shown above, which of the
2. A straight line may be extended indefinitely.
following illustrations represent a point? a line? a
3. A circle may be described with any given point as plane? Write your answer at the space provided.
its center and any distance as its radius.
1.
4. All right angles are equal.

5. If you have two straight lines, and a third line

crossing them and the sum of the interior angle of the
two line is less than 90 degrees, then if you extend
the lines, they will eventually meet on that side.

A Mathematical system is a set of structures

designed to provide order and procedural
operation in a certain discipline. It is composed of
undefined terms, definition, postulate and theorem.

Undefined Terms

A point in geometry refers to a location or position. It

has no size, no width, no length, and no depth. It is
represented by a dot and named using capital
letters.

A line is a one-dimensional figure composed of an

infinite number of points; it has unspecified length
but without width nor thickness. In geometry, a line Definitions are based on undefined terms. Some
extends indefinitely in two opposite directions. defined terms are given below:
Space - is set of all points in three dimensions.
Line segment - is a part of a line containing two
endpoints and all the points between them.
Ray - is a part of a line with one endpoint and
A plane has infinite length, infinite width, but without continuing infinitely in one direction.
thickness. It is usually represented by a flat surface. It
is named by three distinct points using capital letter Angle - is formed by two rays with common vertex.
or an upper Greek letter is used.
Space

Activity 1: May I Know Your Name?

Line Segment

Ray

a. Name three points.

b. Name two lines
c. Cite two names for plane
Angle
Evaluation:

Change the underlined word to make the statement

correct.
1. A point extends indefinitely in two opposite
directions.
 Based on the given definitions above, which of the line is the definite quantity of the difference
of the following illustrations represent a space, line between the corresponding numbers.
segment, ray and angle? Write your answer on the 6. Given two points C and D on a line, a
space provided. number line can be chosen in such a way that the
coordinate of C is at 0 and the coordinate of D is a
positive number.
7. Angle Measurement Postulate. In every
angle, there corresponds a distinct real number
where 0 < r < 180.
8. In half-plane H, through the endpoint of BC
lying within the bound of the half-plane, there’s
exactly one other ray BA, with A in H, such that the
two rays include a given measure between 0o and
180o .
9. If W is inside ∠XYZ, then m ∠XYZ = m ∠XYW +
m ∠ZYW
10. If two angles formed a linear pair, then the
angles formed are supplementary.
Theorems
1. If two definite lines intersect, then they
intersect at exactly one point.
2. If a non-included line in a plane intersects a
Activity 2: You Complete Me ♥ plane, then the intersection contains only one point.
3. Precisely one plane contains a given line and
Complete the table.
a point not included on the line.
Definition Real-life example 4. If two lines intersect, then precisely one
plane includes both line.
5. On ray AB, there is exactly one point P that
Example: A lies at a distance X from A.
Angle has two rays with man 6. Every segment has exactly one midpoint.
common vertex. 7. If two angles are complements of two
identical angles, then the angles are congruent.
8. If two angles are supplements of two
looking at the plane identical angles, then the two angles are congruent.
and looking at the dog. 9. If two angles are identical and
supplementary, then each is a right angle.
10. Vertical Angle Theorem. Vertical angles are
congruent.
A ray has _______ 11. Right Angle Congruence Theorem. Any two
right angles are congruent.
endpoint.
12. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
any pair of alternate exterior angles are identical.
A line segment has 13. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
________ endpoints. the corresponding angles are congruent.
14. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
the interior angles on the same side of a transversal
are supplementary.
Evaluation: 15. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
then the exterior angles on the same side of the
Change the underlined word to make the transversal are supplementary.
statement correct. 16. In a plane, a line perpendicular to one of the
1. A plane is a figure formed by two rays with a two parallel lines is perpendicular to the other.
common endpoint.
2. An angle is a part of a line with one endpoint.
Activity 3 Choose Wisely!
3. A space is a part of a line with two endpoints.
4. A ruler is an example of ray. Write P on the space provided if you think the
5. Scissor is an example of space. statement is a postulate and write T if it is a theorem.
Postulates
1. At least two points determine a line. _____ 1. All right angles are congruent.
2. Three collinear points are contained in a
_____ 2. Vertical angles are equal in measure.
minimum of one plane and three non-collinear
points are contained in precisely one plane. _____ 3. Two points determine a line.
3. If two definite planes intersect then their
intersection formed a line. _____ 4. If two lines intersect then they intersect at
4. If two points of a line are included in a plane exactly one point.
then the line is located in the plane.
5. There is one-to-one correspondence _____ 5. Two planes intersect a line.
between the points of a line and the set of real
numbers such that the gap between any two points