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Lesson C Interactions Between Charged Particles and Magnetic Fields

The document discusses magnetic forces on charged particles. Some key points: 1) Charged particles experience a magnetic force even when there is no electric field, as long as the particle is moving. 2) The magnetic force is perpendicular to both the particle's velocity and the magnetic field. It causes charged particles to move in circular paths. 3) The magnitude of the magnetic force depends on the charge of the particle, its speed, and the strength of the magnetic field. The force is greatest when the velocity is perpendicular to the field.

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30 views14 pages

Lesson C Interactions Between Charged Particles and Magnetic Fields

The document discusses magnetic forces on charged particles. Some key points: 1) Charged particles experience a magnetic force even when there is no electric field, as long as the particle is moving. 2) The magnetic force is perpendicular to both the particle's velocity and the magnetic field. It causes charged particles to move in circular paths. 3) The magnitude of the magnetic force depends on the charge of the particle, its speed, and the strength of the magnetic field. The force is greatest when the velocity is perpendicular to the field.

Uploaded by

2h6qmsym68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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▪ Charged particles experience an electric force when in an electric field regardless

of whether they are moving or not moving

▪ There is another force that charged particles can experience even in the absence
of an electric field but only when they are motion
A Magnetic Force

▪ Magnetic interactions are the result of relative motion.


▪ The magnitude FB of the magnetic force exerted on the particle is proportional to
the charge, q, and to the speed, v, of the particle.
▪ When a charged particle moves parallel to the magnetic field vector, the magnetic
force acting on the particle is zero.
▪ When the particle’s velocity vector makes any angle, 𝜃 ≠ 0, with the field, the force
acts in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the velocity and the field.
▪ The magnetic force exerted on a positive charge is in the direction opposite the
direction of the magnetic force exerted on a negative charge moving in the same
direction.
▪ The magnitude of the magnetic force is proportional to sin 𝜃, where 𝜃 is the angle
the particle’s velocity makes with the direction of the magnetic field.
▪ The properties can be summarised in a vector equation:

𝐹𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣⊥ 𝐵

Where
▪ 𝐹𝐵 is the magnetic force
▪ 𝑞 is the charge
▪ 𝑣⊥ is the velocity of the charge moving perpendicular to the magnetic field
▪ 𝐵 is the magnetic field
▪The force on a positive charge
extends outward from the palm.
▪The advantage of this rule is that the
force on the charge is in the direction
you would push on something with
your hand.
▪The force on a negative charge is in
the opposite direction.
B

There is no force if v and B are either parallel v


or antiparallel

Sin(0) = Sin(180) = 0 q
F=0

The force is maximum B B


when v and B are x x x x x x
perpendicular to each →→→→→
other x x x x x x v
v
Sin(90) = 1 →→→→→
x x x x x x
 q
q
F F

The force on a negative charge is in the opposite direction


▪ So

𝐹𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣⊥ 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

Where
▪ 𝐹𝐵 is the magnetic force
▪ 𝑞 is the charge
▪ 𝑣 is the velocity of the charge moving perpendicular to the magnetic field
▪ 𝐵 is the magnetic field
▪ 𝜃 is the angle between the magnetic field and direction of velocity of the moving charge
▪When a charged particle moves in a magnetic
field it experiences a force that is perpendicular
to the velocity
▪Since the force is perpendicular to the velocity,
the charged particle experiences an acceleration
that is perpendicular to the velocity
▪The magnitude of the velocity does not change,
but the direction of the velocity does producing
circular motion
▪The magnetic force causes a centripetal
acceleration, changing the direction of the
velocity of the particle.
▪The magnetic force does no work on the particle
▪Use the particle under a net force and a particle in uniform circular motion models.
▪Equating the magnetic and centripetal forces:
mv 2
FB = qvB =
r
▪Solving for r:
mv
r=
qB
▪ r is proportional to the linear momentum of the particle and inversely proportional to the
magnetic field.
▪The angular speed of the particle is
v qB
ω= =
r m
▪ The angular speed, w, is also referred to as the cyclotron frequency.

▪The period of the motion is

2πr 2π 2πm
T= = =
v ω qB
▪ We break the velocity into
components along the magnetic field
and perpendicular to the magnetic
field
▪ The component of the velocity
perpendicular to the magnetic field
will still produce circular motion
▪ The component of the velocity
parallel to the field produces no force
and this motion is unaffected
▪ The combination of these two motions
results in a helical type motion
QUESTION
▪ Describe the path of an electron travels at 2x107 m/s in a plane perpendicular to a
0.01 T magnetic field.
Describe the path of an electron travels at 2x107 m/s in a plane
perpendicular to a 0.01 T magnetic field.

The force on the electron B


(remember, its charge is -) is        
always perpendicular to the        
velocity. If v and B are - F
       
constant, then F remains v
       
constant (in magnitude).
       
F
The above paragraph is a        
-
description of uniform        - v
circular motion.        

The electron will move in a circular path with a constant speed


and acceleration = v2/r, where r is the radius of the circle.

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