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ScienceDirect
Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
Procedia
Procedia Computer
Computer Science
Science 19100 (2019)
(2021) 000–000
511–517 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

International Workshop on Edge IA-IoT for Smart Agriculture (SA2IOT)

International Workshop
Auguston9-12,
Edge2021,
IA-IoT for Smart
Leuven, Agriculture (SA2IOT)
Belgium
August 9-12, 2021, Leuven, Belgium
Internet
Internet of
of Things:
Things: aa new
new Interoperable
Interoperable IoT
IoT Platform.
Platform. Application
Application to
to
aa Smart Building
Smart Building
Rachida Ait Abdelouahida,∗, Olivier Debaucheb , Abdelaziz Marzaka
a Hassan
Rachida Ait Abdelouahida,∗, Olivier Debaucheb , Abdelaziz Marzaka
II University of Casablanca-Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik , LTIM, Laboratory , Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955 Sidi Othman Casablanca,
a Hassan II University of Casablanca-Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sikMorocco
, LTIM, Laboratory , Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955 Sidi Othman Casablanca,
b Faculty of Engineering - ILIA / Infortech University ofMorocco
Mons Mons, Belgium, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
b Faculty of Engineering - ILIA / Infortech University of Mons Mons, Belgium, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium

Abstract
Abstract
According to statistics provided by Cisco, the Internet of Things market will grow rapidly and will reach 50 billion devices
According
connected to to the
statistics provided
Internet byAll
by 2020. Cisco,
thesetheconnected
Internet of Thingsinmarket
devices, will grow rapidly
smart Home/Building and make
should will reach 50 billion
life easier, devices
sweeter and
connected to theIdeally,
more enjoyable. Interneteach
by device
2020. All
mustthese
workconnected
immediately devices, in require
and not smart Home/Building shouldthem
people to try to make make life However,
work. easier, sweeter and
connected
more enjoyable. Ideally, each device must work immediately and not require people to try to make them work.
things come from different manufacturers using different protocols of communication. The diversity of protocols and sometimes However, connected
things come from different
their incompatibilities stay manufacturers
a major issue. using
Although,different protocols
efforts have beenof communication. The diversity
made in recent years of protocols
to improve and sometimes
the compatibility of the
their incompatibilities
protocols, stay a major
but these interactions issue.
remain Although,
limited. efforts have
One solution been made
to address in recent
this issue years
is to use an to improve
Internet the compatibility
of Things of the
(IoT) platform to
protocols, but these interactions remain limited. One solution to address this issue is to use an Internet of Things (IoT)
facilitate their interaction, control them intelligently using a web interface or a voice assistant. In this paper, we define connectivity platform to
facilitate their interaction, control them intelligently using a web interface or a voice assistant. In this paper,
requirements to improve interoperability between devices that make up the Internet of Things (IoT). An implementation of a Web we define connectivity
requirements
application and to improve interoperability
virtual assistance between
that ensures devices that make
interoperability up the of
regardless Internet
form of Things
factor, (IoT). An
operating implementation
system, of a Web
service provider or
application and virtual assistance that ensures
transport technology, creating a” network of everything”. interoperability regardless of form factor, operating system, service provider or
transport technology, creating a” network of everything”.
c 2021

© 2020 The
The Authors.
Authors. Published
Published by
by Elsevier
Elsevier B.V.
B.V.
c 2020

This The
is an Authors.
open accessPublished by Elsevier
article under B.V.
the CC BY-NC-ND
BY-NC-ND license
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
This is an open
Peer-review
Peer-review access
under
under article under
responsibility
responsibility the
ofofthe CC BY-NC-ND
theConference
Conference license
Program
Program (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Chair.
Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); interoperability; protocol compatibility; IoT platforms; IoT Architecture; Model Driven Architecture
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); interoperability; protocol compatibility; IoT platforms; IoT Architecture; Model Driven Architecture

1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Following strong market growth of the IoT market and according to statistics provided by Cisco, 50 billion de-
Following
vices strong market
will be connected to thegrowth of by
Internet the2020
IoT market andthe
[11]. With according to statistics
rapid grow provided
of connected thingbynumber,
Cisco, new
50 billion de-
problems
vices will be connected to the Internet by 2020 [11]. With the rapid grow of connected thing number, new
have arisen such as network congestion, data storage, processing capacities, etc. Moreover, connected things come problems
have
from arisen such
different as network congestion,
manufacturers data storage,
which implement processing
protocols capacities, etc.
of communications, Moreover,
sometimes connectedand
proprietary things come
generally
from different manufacturers which implement protocols of communications, sometimes proprietary and generally
incompatible with each other. Ideally, connected objects should make life at home easier, sweeter, and more enjoyable
incompatible with each other. Ideally, connected objects should make life at home easier, sweeter, and more enjoyable

∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +212-6-3824-2829 ; fax: +32-71-140-095

∗ Corresponding
E-mail address:author. Tel.: +212-6-3824-2829 ; fax: +32-71-140-095
[email protected]
E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-0509  c 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1877-0509
This c 2020

is an open Thearticle
access Authors. Published
under by Elsevier B.V.
the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
1877-0509 © 2021
This is an open Thearticle
access Authors. Published
under by Elsevier B.V.
the Conference
CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Program Chairs.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chair.
10.1016/j.procs.2021.07.066
512 Rachida Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 511–517
2 Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000

by task automation and automatic decision making. The devices must work immediately and not require people to
configure and try to make them work. Our goal will be to define connectivity requirements to improve interoperability
between devices that make up the Internet of Things (IoT). Multiple related research in the literature have tried to
solve the problem of interoperability between connected things. Different approaches have been proposed to fix in-
teroperability issue such as middleware, IoT platform and more recently efforts of manufacturer to implement several
protocols supports on nodes, and adaptation of protocols to improve compatibility of protocols [9]. For example, [12]
have proposed an approach based on hash tables distributed systems and the VCP protocol (Virtual Cord Protocol),
[5], proposed and deployed a complete mobile gateway software architecture to support IoT interoperability via an
application centered on the smartphone [6], proposed a new design architecture which is mainly based on protocols
distributed by hash table to provide the required flexibility, [10] have proposed a semantic web-based IoT architecture
to ensure interoperability between systems, using communication and data standards established using SGS ( seman-
tic gateway as a service), Among these solutions, platforms of connectivity makes possible to support of multiple
protocols of communications and ensure the connectivity between the objects from different manufacturers. In our
case study we will be use of the open-source platform OpenHAB.
An IoT interoperability platform implement a Web application and a virtual assistance that ensures interoper-
ability regardless of form factor, operating system, service provider or transport technology, creating a” network of
everything”. By bringing together companies from various markets, including automotive, consumer electronics, com-
merce, health, home automation, industry. Device-to device or device-to-service interactions, where incoming devices
generate information, share it, and act based on that information. For example, a motion detector in the intelligent
security system, when it detects movement, can cause smart lighting to turn on the light in the room or the thermostat
to adjust the climate controls. This article aims to validate our previous contributions as well as the development of a
universal intelligent object prototype capable of guaranteeing a high level of interoperability between different con-
nected objects which come from different manufacturers. This paper is organized as follows: second section presents
our previous research works. The third section present: (1) the implementation of the architecture of our project; (2)
the business modeling from our prototype universal intelligent object; (3) the physical architecture deduced from our
contribution of a general architecture of interoperability, and the circuit diagram, the chosen connectivity platform:
openHAB and the implementation of the use case. The last section is dedicated to the presentation of the conclusion
and our future works.

2. Related Works

There are many building automation solutions and Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets on the market, all of which are
useful in themselves. They come in their own way on how to install and configure devices. In this section, we compare
different Iot Platforms adapted for automation in Smart Home and Smart Building applications. openHAB1 which is
an open-source solution that integrates smart devices, home automation systems and other technologies to provide a
uniform user interface. It also provides a common approach to automation rules across the entire system, no matter
how many manufacturers and subsystems involved [16, 14]. IoT HUB2 is an open source IoT platform developed by
DIGORA [4], it presents a complete solution that combines agility, ergonomics, security, and availability [8]. Home
Assistant3 is an open source home automation solution perfect for lighting a Raspberry Pi or a local server allows
Observation by a Home Assistant who will monitor the status of all devices in your home, so you do not have Do
it, Control all your devices from a single, mobile-friendly interface and provide a way to secure your data by using
the home wizard that does not publish data to the cloud [5]. The IBM Watson IoT4 platform ingests device data
and transforms it into relevant information, which can optimize processes and guide the design of new products [13].
OpenNetHome5 is an IoT platform that allows to guarantee the connectivity between multiple devices from different
providers, It is portable, their GUI is web-based [15].

1 https://www.openhab.org/
2 https://www.digora.com
3 https://www.home-assistant.io/
4 https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-iot-platform
5 https://opennethome.org/
 Ait Rachida Ait Abdelouahid
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et al. / Procedia / Procedia
Computer Computer
Science Science
00 (2019) 191 (2021) 511–517
000–000 513
3

Fig. 1. Physical Architecture of our proposal IoT Platform.

3. Background

This article is part of the technical evaluation of a set of research works proposed in the following articles: (1)
a comparative study of IoT interoperability architectures [1], (2) Prototype Models of IoTs Interoperability [7], (3)
Towards an IoT interoperability architecture [3], (4) Towards a meta-model of interoperability [2], (5) Towards to a
New Interoperability Quality Model for IoTs [17].

4. Results

Ensuring interoperability between building equipment is a crucial step to talk about intelligent building. our so-
lution will play a very important role in the arbitration of all energy solutions of the building according to various
criteria such as” economic and uses” and which ensures the interconnection of the different objects connected to each
other with an interaction of the different objects between them via our smart object. In this article, we limit ourselves
to the proposition of a smart object with a universal interface to offer better interoperability between connected objects
which come from different manufacturers. Moreover, our Smart Object implement our generic architecture proposed
in section two. This architecture makes it possible to: control remotely connected objects via a voice assistant or a
Web application; View the status of each connected object via a web application; Configure new objects and configure
voice assistance.

4.1. Physical Architecture and The Scheme Circuit

In this part, we identify the hardware tools we used for our project and the hardware architecture of our application.
The hardware used for the achievement of our project is: Raspberry card, an 8-relay card, a lamp, a fan, a switch, and
DC 5V and AC 220V power sources. In this case study, we have also chosen a raspberry card as the basis of our smart
object solution in which we installed our chosen platform” openHAB” to ensure connectivity between connected
objects, as well as a local Linux server which relates to a relay normally open to guarantee a remote control of objects
related to our smart object by means of the interface. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

4.2. Material environment

1. Raspberry Card: The most important part for our use case is the GPIO port. This 40-point connector is the
means provided by the creators of the Raspberry Pi to allow us to access the input / output ports of the BCM2837
processor. There are 26 GPIOs that can be used as digital input / output. They only work in all or nothing, 0 or 1,
4 Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
514 Rachida Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 511–517

Fig. 2. The Scheme Circuit of our Solution

0V or 3.3V. There is no analog port (continuously variable voltage). Capabilities of the card can be extended by
means of supplementary cards that can be connect with the Raspberry Pi.
2. 8 relays module: A 5v relay modules allow the opening and closing the electrical circuit. Each relay can operate
independently with different DC/AC voltages.
3. Switch Goes and comeback: The switch” back and forth” is a type of switch that can turn on one or more
spotlights, in several different places. Specifically, it helps you turn on and off one or more lamps from different
places in your home.

For the realization of our project. In this part we will introduce the software tools used to know, development and
design tools and a home automation platform. Development and design tools: We have used Power AMC as design
tool, Sublime Test as development tools, Xampp a Database Management Tool has been used to manage the database.
While Mobile application development have been achieved with Android Studio.

4.3. Home automation platform

The open home automation bus (openHAB) is an independent home automation platform that is the center of your
smart home. Its ability to integrate a multitude of other devices and systems. openHAB brings together other home
automation systems, (smart) devices and other technologies in a single solution. Provide a uniform user interface
and a common approach to automation rules across the entire system, regardless of the number of manufacturers
and subsystems involved. By offering you the most flexible tool available to realize almost all the wishes of home
automation, Hardware configuration: Raspberry Pi 2 or newer, SD card (16 GB or more), Power Supply, Ethernet, or
Wi-Fi connection. First steps: connected via SSH, run the Raspbian configuration menu by running sudo raspi-config.
It is recommended to perform a full upgrade and install the packages you like or need (a set of useful packages is
given as an example). Note on Java: Raspbian in the latest full version already includes Oracle Java 8. Raspbian Lite
is delivered without Java.

4.4. Business modeling of the use of our case study based on our generic architecture

The business process is specifically developed to coordinate the sequences of actions and messages that exist
between the different business players in the company.
1) Voice control operating process: This business process makes it possible to control an object or request a google
cloud service by invoking google voice assistance which presents a linguistic interface, the user of which will choose
the object and the order of action to be performed or else the service. to invoked. See Fig. 3.
 Rachida Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 511–517 515
Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000 5

Fig. 3. Voice control operating process.

Fig. 4. Control process by the web application.

2) Control process by the web application: This business process makes it possible to control an object connected
to our smart object from the web application, the user of which must authenticate himself by their account with the
web application then choose the object and place the order web will communicate the information entered by the user
to the openHAB platform to check the existence of the object and then pass the action to it. See Fig. 4.
516 Rachida Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 511–517
6 Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000

Fig. 5. Business process for adding a new object to the platform.

3) Operating process for adding an object via the web application: This business process allows you to see a global
view on adding objects so that the platform can communicate with them, after authentication the user can simply
control an object configured by the admin or by the voice assistant or through the web application. See Fig. 5.

4.5. Prototype of universal intelligent object of interoperability IoT

We aim to define connectivity requirements to improve interoperability between the devices that make up the
Internet of Things (IoT). An implementation of a web application and virtual assistance ensuring interoperability
whatever the form factor, the operating system, the service provider, or the transport technology, creating a” network of
everything”. By bringing together companies from the automotive, consumer electronics, commerce, healthcare, home
automation, and industry industries. This IoT platform guarantees scholarly services, remote control of connected
objects via voice assistant or web application. Automatically or manually configure a new object, manually configure
voice assistance and consultation of the status of each connected object via a Web application. See Fig. 6.

5. Conclusion

In this article, we are helping to overcome the problems of interoperability between connected objects, through
a characterization, modeling, implementation, and validation approach. Indeed, the literature review has shown that
the architectures adapted in IoTs projects lack a vision of interoperability and often do not use solutions that offer a
higher level of interoperability. And to overcome this problem we have proposed an interoperability architecture for
the Internet of Things domain, with the aim behind its creation being a multitude of uses, namely; generation of spe-
cific architectures, guarantee interoperability between IoT platforms, guarantee technical transparency and maximize
productivity, then we proposed as a validation step for our proposals a prototype of intelligent object with a universal
interface to offer better interoperability between the connected objects which come from different manufacturers and
which makes it possible to; remotely control connected objects via a voice assistant or web application, configure a
new object automatically or manually, configure voice assistance and view the status of each connected object via a
 Rachida Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 511–517 517
Ait Abdelouahid et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000 7

Fig. 6. Exemplary embodiment.

web application. in the next work, we aim to develop this prototype and test the implementation of different case of
study of IoT projects on our proposed generic IoT interoperability architecture [13].

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