Solapur

Solapur ( pronunciation ⓘ) is a city located in the south-western

region of the Indian state of Maharashtra, close to its border with
Karnataka.[6][7] Solapur is located on major highway, rail routes
between Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Hyderabad, with a branch line
to the cities of Kalaburagi and Vijayapura in the neighbouring state of
Karnataka. Solapur International Airport is under construction.[8] It is
classified as A1 Tier and B-1 class city by House Rent Allowance (HRA)
classification by the Government of India.[9] It is the seventh biggest
Metropolis Urban Agglomeration and 11th most populated city in
Maharashtra as well as 43rd largest urban agglomeration and 49th
most populous city in India.[10]

Solapur
Metropolis
:
 Solapur Municipal Corporation
Building

Solapur

Location of
Solapur in
Maharashtra
Coordinates: 17.6800°N 75.9200°E
(https://geohack.toolforge.org/geoh
ack.php?pagename=Solapur&para
ms=17.6800_N_75.9200_E_type:c
ity(951118)_region:IN-MH)
:
 Country India
Region Western India
State Maharashtra
District Solapur
Government
• Body Solapur
Municipal
Corporation
• Mayor Smt.
Shrikanchana
Yannam[1]
• Deputy Smt. Sashikala
Mayor Battul[2]
• Municipal P. Shivshankar[1]
Commissioner
Area
• Total 98.67 km2
(38.10 sq mi)
Elevation 457 m (1,499 ft)
:
 Elevation 457 m (1,499 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total 951,118
• Density 9,600/km2
(25,000/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN 413001-
413009[3]
Telephone 0217
code
Vehicle MH-13 (Solapur
registration city)[4]
MH-45
(Solapur(Akluj) )
[5]

MH-62(Solapur
rural )[5]
Sex ratio 52/48 ♂ / ♀
Literacy Rate 83.88%
Website solapur.nic.in (ht
:
 Website solapur.nic.in (ht
tp://solapur.nic.i
n)

Solapur leads Maharashtra in production of beedi.[11][12] Solapuri

Chadars and towels are famous not only in India but also at a global
level,[13][14] however there has been a significant decline in their
exports due to quality issues.[15] "Solapuri chadars" are the first
product in Maharashtra to get a Geographical Indication tag[16][17] It
has been a leading centre for cotton mills and power looms in
Maharashtra. Solapur had the world's second-largest and Asia's largest
spinning mill.[18] The National Research Centre on Pomegranate
(NRCP) of India is located in Solapur.[19][20][21] and pomegranate
farming is done on a large scale in Solapur District.[22] The Science
Centre in Kegaon (Solapur) is the third largest and prominent scientific
association in Maharashtra.[23][24] The Raichur-Solapur Power
Transmission line of 765 kV power capacity suffices the power grid
accessing need of the southern states of Karanataka and Andhra
Pradesh.[25][26][27][28] The first waste-to-energy electricity plant in
Maharashtra is situated in Solapur.[29][30][31][32][33]

The Gramadevata (Chief deity) of the city is Shri Shivyogi Siddheshwar.

[34][35]
The "Nandidhwaj" procession on the Hindu festival of Makar
Sankranti and on account of it an annual fair locally known as Gadda
Yatra attracts large crowds and is associated with the marriage of Lord
Siddheshwar.[36][37] In 1992, the Solapur Municipal Corporation
extended its area up to 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) by merging
its suburbs.[38] Solapur has the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary.
:
 Etymology

Shri Siddheshwar Temple during the Makar Sankranti (Solapur)

The Solapur (anciently called sonnalage) District was ruled by various

dynasties such as Andhrabhratyas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas
and Bahamanis. 'Solapur' spelled in (Marathi: सोलापूर is believed to be
derived from the combination of two words: Sola / सोला in Marathi
means "sixteen" and "Pura / पुर" means "village".[39][40][41]

The present city of Solapur was considered to be spread over sixteen

villages viz. Aadilpur, Ahmedpur, Chapaldev, Fatehpur, Jamdarwadi,
Kalajapur, Khadarpur, Khandervkiwadi, Muhammadpur, Ranapur,
Sandalpur, Shaikpur, Solapur, Sonallagi, Sonapur and Vaidakwadi and
all these villages are now merged with Solapur Municipal Corporation.
[42]

The inscriptions of chief deity of Solapur Shivyogi Shri. Siddheshwar of

the time of the Kalachuri (Basavakalyan) suggest that the town was
called "Sonnalage" which came to be pronounced as "Sonnalagi".[43] A
Sanskrit inscription dated Shake 1238, after the downfall of the
Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that the town was known as
:
 Sonalipur. One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the
town was called Sonalpur.[44] It was the main commercial hub of the
Devagiri Yadavas and an important trading city. The town was known as
Sonnalagi even up to the times of the Yadavas of Devagiri.

It is evident from the inscriptions of Shivayogi Lord Siddheshwar of the

time of the Kalachuristis of Kalyani, that the town was called
'Sonnalage', an old Kannada name, which came to be pronounced as
'Sonnalagi'. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of
Yadavas. A Sanskrit inscription dated (Sanskrit:शके १२३८) Śakē 1238,
after the downfall of the Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that
the town was known as Sonalipur.[45]

History
One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was
called Sonalpur while another inscription on the well in the fort shows
that it was known as Sandalpur. Subsequently, the British rulers
pronounced Solapur as Solapur and hence the name of the district.[46]
The present Solapur district was previously part of Ahmednagar, Pune
and Satara districts. In 1838 it became the Sub-district of Ahmednagar.
It included Barshi, Mohol, Madha, Karmala, Indi, Hippargi and
Muddebihal Sub-divisions. In 1864 this Sub-district was abolished. In
1871 this district was reformed joining the Sub-divisions viz. Solapur,
Barshi, Mohol, Madha and Karmala and two Subdivisions of Satara
district viz. Pandharpur, Sangola and in 1875 Malshiras Sub-division
was also attached.[47] After the State reorganisation in 1956 Solapur
was included in Bombay State and it became a full-fledged district of
Maharashtra State in 1960.[48]

The municipal corporation building was built by Rao Saheb Mallappa

:
 Warad.[49] He was also one of the first to bring the farming tractor to
India. It was his wish that the building should be used for some public
purpose and thus the building was made the municipal council. The
building is also called Indra Bhawan which means 'Abode of Indra' (Lord
Indra).[50] Mallappa Warad was also one of the ten members of
'Chamber of Merchants' under Queen Victoria.

The Solapur Municipal Council was the first municipal council to hoist
the indian national flag on the Municipal Council building in 1930.
Taking the spirit of Dandi March from Mahatma Gandhi, the freedom
fighters of Solapur hoisted the National Flag on 6 April 1930 on the
Municipal Council building. This was the first and the unique incidence
of such kind throughout the country.

During the Indian independence movement, the people of Solapur

enjoyed full freedom on 9–11 May 1930.[51] However, this resulted in
the executions of Mallappa Dhanshetti, Abdul Rasool Qurban Hussein,
Jagannath Bhagwan Shinde and Shrikisan Laxminarayan Sarada, who
were hanged by the British Government on 12 January 1931, in the
prison at Pune. This resulted in the city becoming recognized as "The
City of Hutatmas" literally "The City of Martyrs".[52]

Tehsils of Solapur District. The north

and south tehsils forms the city

The Padmashalis are one of the largest community in Solapur. The rise
:
 of Moghul rule and there after Britishers who came to India for doing
cloth business has lot of impact on weaving technology. The cloth
manufactured at Birmingham, England can sell at cheaper rate in India
and the qualities of their cloth were much better than our hand woven
cloths on Gunta Maggam (Pit-loom). Since there is no buyer for our
hand woven cloths, the domestic textile industry suffered losses. The
Britisher established East India Company at Calcutta and spread their
business across the India. They have also ruled our country till 1947.
The impact of cloth business compelled Padmashalis to move to
different places in India. Maharashtra is adjacent to Telangana, Andhra
Pradesh; most of them started moving in search of their livelihood.
Earlier days there were no transportation available; people started
walking from Telangana and stayed for days together wherever in the
en route to Mumbai. In this course some of them even settled in most
parts of Maharashtra like Nanded, Jalna, Aurangabad, and Nasik,
Ahmednagar, Solapur, Pune and even interior parts of the villages.
Their basic occupation was weaving; hence most of them have chosen
weaving job in cotton mills. Gradually the strength has increased and it
can be witnessed that about 400 to 500 Padmashalis could be seen in
each mill in Mumbai. Most of the people in Solapur are started there
Textile.

There is also one of the oldest Ganesh temples, Ajoba Ganpati temple,
which started celebrating the Ganesh festival in 1885.

Culture
Solapur is a city with tri-linguistic blend of Marathi, Kannada and Telugu
language multi-cultural features.[53] Most of the People follow Marathi
Culture and Tradition. It also has cultural impact of neighbouring states
:
 Karnataka and Telangana.

Demographics

Religions in Solapur City (2011)[54]

Religion Percent
Hinduism 75.73%
Islam 20.64%
Buddhism 1.62%
Jainism 1.00%
Christianity 0.73%
Other or not
0.28%
stated

As per 2011 census of Solapur city, the population of Solapur in 2011

was 951,558. Solapur has a sex ratio of 978 females per 1000 males
and a literacy rate of 82.80%. 11.49% of the population is under 6 years
:
 of age. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.51% and
1.89% of the population respectively.[55]

Language in Solapur City (2011)[56]

Marathi (42.29%)
Telugu (17.03%)
Kannada (12.67%)
Hindi (11.89%)
Urdu (11.28%)
Vadari (1.05%)
Others (3.79%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 42.29% of the population spoke

Marathi, 17.03% Telugu, 12.67% Kannada, 11.89% Hindi, 11.28% Urdu
and 1.05% Vadari as their first language.[56]

Solapur's population, with the inclusion of its suburbs, increased to

1,250,000 reorganized in 2012.
(http://solapur.gov.in/htmldocs/1977/people_population.html ,
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html )
:
 Geography and climate
Climate data for Solapur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Record high 36.7 39.4 43.9 44.7 46.0 45.6 38.9 40.0
°C (°F) (98.1) (102.9) (111.0) (112.5) (114.8) (114.1) (102.0) (104.0)
Mean daily
31.3 34.2 37.7 40.1 40.2 34.9 31.9 31.2
maximum
(88.3) (93.6) (99.9) (104.2) (104.4) (94.8) (89.4) (88.2)
°C (°F)
Mean daily
16.3 18.1 21.7 24.6 25.1 23.4 22.5 22.0
minimum °C
(61.3) (64.6) (71.1) (76.3) (77.2) (74.1) (72.5) (71.6)
(°F)
Record low 4.4 6.1 12.2 13.9 16.1 17.2 16.7 15.0
°C (°F) (39.9) (43.0) (54.0) (57.0) (61.0) (63.0) (62.1) (59.0)
Average
6.0 2.3 7.9 14.8 33.4 120.4 121.0 134.0
rainfall mm
(0.24) (0.09) (0.31) (0.58) (1.31) (4.74) (4.76) (5.28)
(inches)
Average
0.4 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.7 7.2 8.0 8.7
rainy days
Average
relative
humidity 31 26 23 23 27 49 58 58
(%)
(at 17:30 IST)
Source: India Meteorological Department[57][58]

Solapur is located at 17.68°N 75.92°E (https://geohack.toolforge.org/ge

ohack.php?pagename=Solapur&params=17.68_N_75.92_E_) . It has
an average elevation of 458 metres (1502 feet). It is bordered by
Ahmednagar district on the north; Osmanabad district on the north and
northeast.

Kalaburagi district on the southeast and Bijapur Districts on the south

:
 of Karnataka State, Sangli district on the south and southwest; Satara
district on the west, and Pune district on the northwest. It is situated at
a distance of 410 km (250 mi) from the Maharashtra State Capital of
Mumbai by road and train.

Solapur is at a distance of 245 km (152 mi) from Pune and 305 km

(190 mi) from Hyderabad. Solapur is situated on the Deccan plateau.

Solapur falls under the category of dry (arid and semiarid) climate
according to the Köppen climate classification. The city experiences
three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer
months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging
from 30 to 45 °C (86 to 113 °F). The warmest months in Solapur are
April and May. The typical maximum temperatures being 40 °C (104 °F)
or more. The highest temperature ever recorded is 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) in
May 1988.[59] Although summer does not end until May or even the
midst of June, the city often receives locally developed heavy
thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). The
monsoon lasts from June to the end of September, with moderate
rainfall. The city of Solapur receives an average rainfall of 545 mm
(21.5 in) per year.[60] Winter begins in November and lasts until the end
of February, with the temperatures occasionally dropping below 10 °C
(50 °F). Solapur lies very close to the seismically active zone around
Killari, Latur District, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the city.

Civic administration
:
 Kambar Talav (lake), also
known as Sambhaji Talav (lake)

The civic administration of the city is managed by the Solapur

Municipal Corporation, which was established on the Maharashtra Day
of 1 May 1964 in the building constructed by Mallappa Warad in 1930.
The corporation oversees the engineering works, health, sanitation,
water supply, administration and taxation in the city.[61] It is headed by
a mayor who is assisted by municipal commissioner and elected
representatives. The city is divided into 135 wards and 6 zones. The
corporation members also known as corporators are elected by the
citizens of Solapur every five years. The corporators, in turn, elect the
mayor. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town-
planning and land-acquisition. As Solapur is one of the most important
city for the transportation towards south and north India, here it's
essential for the State and Central Government to develop this District.
[62]

Sports
:
 Tennis - Annually women's
professional tennis ITF
Championship held at Solapur, it
is known as Solapur Open
women's ITF $25K Tennis
tournament. It is hard Court
tournament, happens at outdoor
tennis courts. It is grade T2
championship. 2021 US Open
championship Emma Raducanu
participated in it in 2019.[63][64]
Cricket - Indira Gandhi Stadium
in Solapur, formerly known as
Park Stadium, hosts Ranji Trophy
:
 matches and is the home venue
for Maharashtra cricket team.[65]
Wrestling - Indian styled
wrestling is played in this town
and town's wrestlers emerged as
victorious in state level
tournaments.[66]

Economy
Solapur is located at an important junction of the north–south railway
line which provides good transportation infrastructure for trade and
industry. There are a number of medium and small-scale and medium
industries found in the district, and it is one of the prime centers of the
handloom and powerloom industry, cotton mills and the beedi industry.
Rapier Terry Towels is now also an emerging industry in Solapur.
Solapur is well known for the bed sheets produced here and has a
reputation for the same. Textiles are an important aspect of the
:
 economy. As the epic growing part in the industrial sector, Sanghvi
Towels are known as the parents of Rapier industries. They introduced
the city how to go with the flow of changing demands of the Terry
Towels market, following it many business houses have changed to
Rapier Industries and now Rapier Chaddar Looms have been also
introduced to the weaving sector by Bomdyal Textiles. The city is home
to Precision Camshafts Limited[67] one of the largest manufacturers in
camshafts in the world. In the agricultural field, the district has a well-
established market in oilseeds. The major crops grown in the district
include jowar, wheat and sugarcane.

Environment
Solapur is one of the most-polluted cities in Maharashtra due to the
effluent chemicals produced as the waste products from the textile
industries in its region.[68] As many vehicles in the city utilise diesel
fuel, it also generates tremendous smog emitted by sugar factories and
heavy textiles industries in the city's suburb.[69] Various efforts are
being made by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) to reduce
air pollution and its environmental effects.[70] The city has launched a
GO-GREEN scheme by planting trees in the city and developing
greenery with the help of various eco-friendly people in the city.[71]
CNG will be available shortly soon in MIDC Chincholi and some major
area in Solapur .

Transport
:
 Rail

Main entrance of Solapur Railway

Station

Solapur railway station is the main railway hub within the city.[72] The
Solapur Railway Division is an important division connecting South India
to Western & North west India. Trains from Ahmedabad, Jaipur, New
Delhi, Mumbai, Pune etc., ply to Southern states (Telangana, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu & Kerala) via Solapur.Government has decided to make
solapur railway station as the high tech station in Maharashta.[73]

Hotgi Junction and Kurduvadi Junction are two junction railway stations
present in the Solapur district.[74][75]

12115 Siddeshwar Express AC

coach
:
 Road
Solapur internal city transport is managed by SMT (Solapur Municipal
Transport), but the buses operated by SMC are limited to less than 100
buses.

Solapur is well connected by road with major cities of Maharashtra as

well as the adjoining State Capital of Hyderabad and important cities in
Karnataka by four National Highways – NH 9 highway connecting Pune
with Vijaywada via Hyderabad but the Solapur-Omerga stretch of NH65
is a bit uncomfortable as the quality of roads still remains below
par/Under construction, Suryapet, NH-52 connecting Solapur to
Kaithal, Mangalore, Karnataka and NH-211 connecting Solapur to
Dhule. Ratnagiri-Nagpur National highway NH-204 passes through city,
connecting Solapur to other important cities in Maharashtra like
Nagpur, Sangli, Kolhapur and Nanded. Recently sanctioned National
Highways- (Solapur - Kalaburagi)[76] and Ratnagiri-Solapur-Nanded-
Yavatmal-Nagpur.[77] (Solapur-Bijapur) Road section in NH-13 is
proposed to be improved by its four laning.[78] The Solapur-
Aurangabad national highway project is completed recently and the
new four laning has reduced the time and cost in travelling from
Solapur to Aurangabad.[79]

Air
Solapur Airport (IATA code: SSE[80]) is located to the south of Solapur
city. There aren't any scheduled flights operating out of Solapur
Airport. Nearest airport is Gulbarga Airport (90 km). The Government
:
 of Maharashtra has planned to upgrade the airport but no on ground
works has been done till now .[81][82]

Utility services
The electrical supply to the city is managed by the Maharashtra State
Electricity Distribution Company Limited[83] and water is supplied from
the Ujjani Dam on the Bhima River.[84] CNG will be soon available for
vehicle in Solapur as well as piped natural Gas will be available for
Domestic, Commercial and industrial use.

Radio stations in Solapur

In the Solapur, both the official state channel Air Solapur (https://onliner
adiofm.in/maharashtra/solapur/all-india-air-solapur) on a frequency of
103.4 FM and commercial stations such as Radio City (91.1 FM), Big FM
(92.7 FM) and Solapur's Only Live Radio Station 95 MYFM by Dainik
Bhaskar Group. are broadcast. List of radio stations (https://onlineradio
fm.in/maharashtra/solapur) .

Notable people
:
 History

Siddheshwar
(Siddarameshwara), Prominent
Kannada vachanakara of 12th
century. He was instrumental in
saving the vachana literature
from destruction.

Politics

Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil, former

Deputy Chief-Minister of
Maharashtra State
Praniti Shinde, MLA of Solapur
:
 City Central Assembly
Sushilkumar Shinde, former
Home Minister of India
Ganpatrao Deshmukh India's
second longest serving
legislator(MLA),Peasant's and
worker's Party senior leader.

Business

Ajit Gulabchand, Indian

industrialist
Walchand Hirachand, Indian
industrialist and founder of
Walchand group[85]
:
 Sports

Salil Ankola, member of Indian

cricket team in 1992 world Cup;
Hindi film actor
Anagha Deshpande, Indian
women's cricket player
Kedar Jadhav, Indian cricketer;
plays for Sunrisers Hyderabad in
IPL
Kiran Navgire, Indian woman's
cricket player
Vandana Shanbagh, Arjuna
:
 award winner athlete;
represented India at 1988
Olympics
Prarthana Thombare, tennis
player and an Olympian. Former
No.1 in national women's
doubles.
Polly Umrigar, cricketer who
captained India in 8 test
matches.

Arts

Samita Bangargi, a TV show host

and actress in Hindi movies
:
 Achyut Godbole, Maharashtrian
Marathi and English writer
M. F. Husain, a modern Indian
painter of international acclaim
and a founding member of
Bombay Progressive Artists'
Group
Atul Kulkarni, Indian film actor
Jayadevi Taayi Ligade, is an
Indian writer in the Kannada
language. She has written
Siddarama purana in Kannada
and Marathi languages.
:
 Nagraj Manjule, film director of
Marathi movies[86]
Dr Jabbar Patel, theatre and film
director of Marathi and Hindi
movies
Shashikala, an actress in Marathi
and Hindi movies

Science

Dwarkanath Kotnis, among the

physicians dispatched to China
to provide medical assistance
during the Second Sino-
Japanese War in 1938
:
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