Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 13 views

    Conic Sections Notes

    Uploaded by

    bavithaprasanthi27
    This document defines and provides key properties of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. A parabola is the set of all points equidistant from a fixed line (directrix) and point (focus). An ellipse is the set of points whose sum of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. A hyperbola is the set of points where the difference of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. Each conic section has properties like foci, axes, vertices, and standard equations that describe their shapes. The eccentricity and latus rectum are also defined and provide important information about each type of conic section.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Conic Sections Notes

    Uploaded by

    bavithaprasanthi27
    13 views7 pages
    This document defines and provides key properties of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. A parabola is the set of all points equidistant from a fixed line (directrix) and point (focus). An ellipse is the set of points whose sum of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. A hyperbola is the set of points where the difference of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. Each conic section has properties like foci, axes, vertices, and standard equations that describe their shapes. The eccentricity and latus rectum are also defined and provide important information about each type of conic section.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document defines and provides key properties of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. A parabola is the set of all points equidistant from a fixed line (directrix) and point (focus). An ellipse is the set of points whose sum of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. A hyperbola is the set of points where the difference of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. Each conic section has properties like foci, axes, vertices, and standard equations that describe their shapes. The eccentricity and latus rectum are also defined and provide important information about each type of conic section.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views7 pages

    Conic Sections Notes

    Uploaded by

    bavithaprasanthi27
    This document defines and provides key properties of conic sections including parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. A parabola is the set of all points equidistant from a fixed line (directrix) and point (focus). An ellipse is the set of points whose sum of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. A hyperbola is the set of points where the difference of distances to two fixed foci is a constant. Each conic section has properties like foci, axes, vertices, and standard equations that describe their shapes. The eccentricity and latus rectum are also defined and provide important information about each type of conic section.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    CONIC SECTIONS

    PARABOLA
    A Parabola is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed line and a fixed point (not on the
    line) in the plane.

    • The fixed line is called the directrix of the parabola.


    • The fixed point is called the F is called the focus.
    • A line through the focus and perpendicular to the directrix is called the axis of the parabola.
    • The point of intersection of parabola with the axis is called the vertex of the parabola.
    STANDARD EQUATIONS OF PARABOLA

    𝑦 2 = 4ax 𝑦 2 = -4ax

    𝑥 2 = 4ay 𝑥 2 = -4ay

    LATUS RECTUM
    Latus Rectum of a parabola is a line segment perpendicular to the axis of the parabola, through the focus
    and whose end points lie on the parabola
    Length of latus Rectum = 4a

    ELLIPSE
    An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane, the sum of whose distances from two fixed points in the plane
    is a constant.

    • The two fixed points are called the foci.


    • The mid point of the line segment joining the foci is called the centre of the ellipse.
    • The line segment through the foci of the ellipse is called the major axis and the line segment through
    the centre and perpendicular to the major axis is called the minor axis.
    • The end points of the major axis are called the vertices of the ellipse.
    • The length of the major axis is 2a, the length of the minor axis is 2b and distance between the foci is 2c.
    • The length of semi major axis is a and semi minor axis is b.
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEMI-MAJOR AXIS, SEMI-MINOR AXIS AND THE DISTANCE OF THE FOCUS
    FROM THE CENTRE OF THE ELLIPSE

    𝒂𝟐 = 𝒃2 + 𝒄2
    SPECIAL CASES OF AN ELLIPSE
    1. When c = 0, both foci merge together with the centre of the ellipse and 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 i.e. a = b, and so the ellipse
    becomes circle.
    2. When c = a then b = 0.Then ellipse reduces to the line segment 𝐹1 𝐹2 joining the two foci.

    ECCENTRICITY
    The eccentricity of an ellipse is the ratio of the distances from the centre of the ellipse to one of the foci and to
    𝑐
    one of the vertices of the ellipse (eccentricity is denoted by e) i.e., e = 𝑎

    In the case of an ellipse, value of eccentricity is always less than 1

    STANDARD EQUATION OF AN ELLIPSE

    𝑥2 𝑦2
    + 𝑏2 = 1
    𝑎2
    𝑥𝟐 𝑦2
    + =1
    𝑏𝟐 𝑎2

    LATUS RECTUM
    Latus Rectum of an ellipse is a line segment perpendicular to the major axis through any of the foci and whose
    end points lie on the ellipse.

    2𝑏2
    Length of the latus Rectum AB is 𝑎

    HYPERBOLA
    A hyperbola is the set of all points in a plane, the difference of whose distances from two fixed points in the
    plane is constant.
    • The two fixed points are called the foci of the hyperbola.
    • The mid-point of the line segment joining the foci is called the centre of the hyperbola.
    • The line through the foci is called the transverse axis and the line through the centre and perpendicular to
    the transverse axis is called the conjugate axis.
    • The point at which the hyperbola intersects the transverse axis are called the vertices of the hyperbola.
    • The distance between two foci is 2c, the distance between two vertices ( the length of the transverse axis)
    is 2a and we define the quantity b as
    b = √𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
    • The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.

    ECCENTRICITY
    𝑐
    Just like an ellipse, the ratio e = 𝑎 is called the eccentricity of the hyperbola. Since c≥a, the eccentricity is
    never less than one. In terms of the eccentricity, the foci are at a distance of ae from the centre.
    STANDARD EQUATION OF HYPERBOLA

    𝑥2 𝑦2
    - =1
    𝑎2 𝑏2
    𝑦2 𝑥2
    - 𝑏2 = 1
    𝑎2

    LATUS RECTUM
    Latus Rectum of hyperbola is the line segment perpendicular to transverse axis through any of the foci and
    whose end points lie on hyperbola.

    2𝑏2
    Length of the latus Rectum is 𝑎

    A hyperbola in which a = b is called an equilateral hyperbola

    You might also like