JDBC
(Java Database Connectivity)
Overview (1/2)
JDBC
JDBC is a standard interface for connecting to relational databases
from Java
The JDBC Classes and Interfaces are in the java.sql package
JDBC is Java API for executing SQL statements
Provides a standard API for tool/database developers
Possible to write database applications using a pure Java API
Easy to send SQL statements to virtually any relational database
What does JDBC do?
Establish a connection with a database
Send SQL statements
Process the results
Database
JAVA Applet/ JDBC Call Command
Application JDBC Driver Database
Overview (2/2)
Reason for JDBC
Database vendors (Microsoft Access, Oracle etc.) provide
proprietary (non standard) API for sending SQL to the server
and receiving results from it
Languages such as C/C++ can make use of these proprietary
APIs directly
High performance
Can make use of non standard features of the database
All the database code needs to be rewritten if you change
database vendor or product
JDBC is a vendor independent API for accessing relational
data from different database vendors in a consistent way
CCTM: Course material developed by James King ([email protected])
History of JDBC (1/2)
JDBC 1.0 released 9/1996.
Contains basic functionality to connect to database, query database,
process results
JDBC classes are part of java.sql package
Comes with JDK 1.1
JDBC 2.0 released 5/1998
Comes with JDK 1.2
javax.sql contains additional functionality
Additional functionality:
Scroll in result set or move to specific row
Update database tables using Java methods instead of SQL
commands
Send multiple SQL statements to the database as a batch
Use of SQL3 datatypes as column values
History of JDBC (2/2)
JDBC 3.0 released 2/2002
Comes with Java 2, J2SE 1.4
Support for:
Connection pooling
Multiple result sets
Prepared statement pooling
Save points in transactions
JDBC Model
JAVA Applet/ Java Application
Developer
Application
JDBC consists of two parts: JDBC API
JDBC API, a purely Java-based API JDBC Developer
Driver Manager
JDBC driver manager
Communicates with vendor-specific Driver API
drivers Vender Specific
JDBC developer
Connection con = Vendor Specific JDBC-ODBC Bridge
JDBC Driver
DriverManager.getConnection( Vender Specific
"jdbc:myDriver:myDatabase", ODBC Driver
username, password); Database
Database
JDBC Programming Steps
1) Register the driver
Connect 2) Create a connection to the database
1) Create a statement
Query 2) Query the database
1) Get a result set
Process Results 2) Assign results to Java variables
1) Close the result set
Close 2) Close the statement
3) Close the connection
Skeleton Code
Class.forName(DRIVERNAME);
Loading a JDBC driver
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(
CONNECTIONURL, DBID, DBPASSWORD);
Connecting to a database
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT a, b, c FROM member);
While(rs.next())
{
Executing SQL
Int x = rs.getInt(“a”);
String s = rs.getString(“b”);
Float f = rs.getFloat(“c”); Processing the result set
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
con.close(); Closing the connections
Step 1 : Loading a JDBC Driver
A JDBC driver is needed to connect to a database
Loading a driver requires the class name of the driver.
Ex) JDBC-ODBC: sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
Oracle driver: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
MySQL: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Loaing the driver class
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
It is possible to load several drivers.
The class DriverManager manages the loaded driver(s)
Step 2 : Connecting to a Database (1/2)
JDBC URL for a database
Identifies the database to be connected
Consists of three-part:
jdbc:<subprotocol>:<subname>
Protocol:
Protocol: JDBC
JDBC isis Sub-protocol:
Sub-protocol: Subname:
Subname: indicates
indicates the
the location
location and
and
the
the only
only protocol
protocol inin identifies
identifies aa name
name of
of the
the database
database toto be
be
JDBC
JDBC database
database accessed.
accessed. Syntax
Syntax is
is driver
driver specific
specific
driver
driver
Ex) jdbc:mysql://oopsla.snu.ac.kr/mydb
Step 2 : Connecting to a Database (2/2)
The DriverManager allows you to connect to a database using
the specified JDBC driver, database location, database name,
username and password.
It returns a Connection object which can then be used to
communicate with the database.
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://oopsla.snu.ac.kr/mydb",“useri
d",“password");
JDBC
JDBC URL URL
Vendor
Vendorofofdatabase,
database,Location
Locationofof Username
Username Password
Password
database
databaseserver
serverand
andname
nameofof
database
database
Step 3 : Executing SQL (1/2)
Statement object
Can be obtained from a Connection object
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
Sends SQL to the database to be executed
Statement has three methods to execute a SQL statement:
executeQuery() for QUERY statements
Returns a ResultSet which contains the query results
executeUpdate() for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
Returns an integer, the number of affected rows from the SQL
execute() for either type of statement
Step 3 : Executing SQL (2/2)
Execute a select statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery
("select RENTAL_ID, STATUS from ACME_RENTALS");
Execute a delete statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
int rowcount = stmt.executeUpdate
("delete from ACME_RENTAL_ITEMS
where rental_id = 1011");
Step 4 : Processing the Results (1/2)
JDBC returns the results of a query in a ResultSet object
ResultSet object contains all of the rows which satisfied the conditions
in an SQL statement
A ResultSet object maintains a cursor pointing to its current
row of data
Use next() to step through the result set row by row
next() returns TRUE if there are still remaining records
getString(), getInt(), and getXXX() assign each value to a Java variable
Internal Pointer ResultSet
Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 Record 4
The internal pointer starts one before the first record
Step 4 : Processing the Results (2/2)
Example
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT ID, name, score FROM table1”);
NOTE
While (rs.next()){ You must step the cursor to the first record before read the results
int id = rs.getInt(“ID”); This code will not skip the first record
String name = rs.getString(“name”);
float score = rs.getFloat(“score”);
System.out.println(“ID=” + id + “ ” + name + “ ” + score);}
ID name score Output
1 James 90.5 ID=1 James 90.5
2 Smith 45.7 ID=2 Smith 45.7
3 Donald 80.2 ID=3 Donald 80.2
Table1
Step 5 : Closing Database Connection
It is a good idea to close the Statement and Connection objects
when you have finished with them
Close the ResultSet object
rs.close();
Close the Statement object
stmt.close();
Close the connection
connection.close();
The PreparedStatement Object
A PreparedStatement object holds precompiled SQL
statements
Use this object for statements you want to execute more than
once
A PreparedStatement can contain variables (?) that you supply
each time you execute the statement
// Create the prepared statement
PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement(“
UPDATE table1 SET status = ? WHERE id =?”)
// Supply values for the variables
pstmt.setString (1, “out”);
pstmt.setInt(2, id);
// Execute the statement
pstmt.executeUpdate();
