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Lesson Notes Lecture 14

1) When analyzing circuits with current sources, meshes containing current sources must be combined into a single "super mesh" to avoid using voltages across current sources. 2) Key voltage loops are written for the super mesh and mesh currents replaced to obtain an equation relating total mesh currents. 3) Current laws are also applied as needed to obtain additional equations to solve for unknown currents. 4) Mesh analysis is more efficient than node analysis when it results in fewer unknown variables to solve for. Current sources complicate mesh analysis by requiring combination of affected meshes.

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54 views5 pages

Lesson Notes Lecture 14

1) When analyzing circuits with current sources, meshes containing current sources must be combined into a single "super mesh" to avoid using voltages across current sources. 2) Key voltage loops are written for the super mesh and mesh currents replaced to obtain an equation relating total mesh currents. 3) Current laws are also applied as needed to obtain additional equations to solve for unknown currents. 4) Mesh analysis is more efficient than node analysis when it results in fewer unknown variables to solve for. Current sources complicate mesh analysis by requiring combination of affected meshes.

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Quantum Saudi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EE 204

Lecture 14
Mesh Analysis with current sources

Mesh Analysis (with Current Sources):

When the circuit contains current sources, the above procedure is modified.

Example 4:

Calculate the mesh currents i1 & i2 & i3

Figure 10

Solution:

KVL around mesh 1 ⇒ 1i1 + 2(i1 − i3 ) + Vx = 0 (problem!)

We cannot directly replace Vx by mesh currents, because Ohm’s Law does not apply to current
sources.

KVL around mesh 2 ⇒ −Vx + 4(i2 − i3 ) + 5i2 = 0 (similar problem!)

Mesh 1 & 2 contain a current source (they share the 3A source)

4V 3

i3
2 4

+
1 i1 Vx 5
i2
3A

Figure 11
What to do in this case? ⇒ Combine mesh 1 & 2 ⇒ Super Mesh (SM)

To avoid Vx ⇒ Apply KVL around SM

1i1 + 2(i1 − i3 ) + 4(i2 − i3 ) + 5i2 = 0

3i1 + 11i2 − 6i3 = 0 (1)

We need one more equation!

Apply KCL ⇒ i2 − i1 = 3 (2)

Mesh 3 does not contain a current source ⇒ no special treatment

KVL around mesh 3 ⇒ 4 + 3i3 + 4(i3 − i2 ) + 2(i3 − i1 ) = 0

−2i1 − 4i2 + 9i3 = −4 (3)

Solving (1) & (2) & (3) ⇒ i1 = −2.767 A & i2 = 0.233 A & i3 = −0.956 A

Figure 12

Current source shared by two meshes

1) Combine the two meshes into a SM


2) Apply KVL around the SM

3) Apply KCL

Example 5:

Calculate the mesh currents i1 & i2 & i3

Figure 13

Solution:

Mesh 1 & 2 do not contain current sources ⇒ Just Apply KVL around mesh (1) & (2)

KVL around mesh 1 ⇒ 2i1 + 4(i1 − i3 ) + 6 = 0 ⇒ 6i1 − 4i3 = −6 (1)

KVL around mesh 2 ⇒ −6 + 6(i2 − i3 ) + 8i2 = 0 ⇒ 14i2 − 6i3 = 6 (2)

Mesh 3 contains 3A current source (not shared by another mesh)

Do not apply KVL (because KVL involves voltage across the current source)

Apply KCL Only

i3 = 3 (3)

[Note: Since we need just one equation from mesh 3, KCL provides it in this case]

Solving (1) & (2) & (3) ⇒ i1 = 1.000 A & i2 = 1.714 A & i3 = 3.000 A
Figure 14

Current source in one mesh only (not shared) ⇒ No KVL ⇒ Only KCL

Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis

Which method is more efficient, the nodal or the mesh analysis?

The answer depends on the circuit under consideration. The method that results in the least number
of actual unknowns is generally more efficient.

Example 4:

Calculate the power absorbed by the 4Ω resistor.

8
10V

6 4

2A 5A 2

Figure 7

Using nodal analysis:

There are 5 essential nodes in the circuit.

Choose the reference node on one side of the 10V source.

∴ Number of actual unknowns is 3 (only v2 & v3 & v4 are unknown, since v1 = 10V )
Figure 8

Using mesh analysis:

Number of actual unknowns is only 2 (only i2 & i3 are unknown, since i1 = 2 A )

∴ Use the mesh analysis to solve this problem:

KCL ⇒ i1 − i2 = 5 ⇒ 2 − i2 = 5 ⇒ i2 = −3 A

KVL around mesh 3 ⇒ −10 + 4(i3 − (−3)) + 6(i3 − 2) = 0 ⇒ i3 = 1A

∴ p4Ω = 4(i2 − i3 ) 2 = 4(−3 − 1) 2 = 16W

Figure 9

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